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This study examines the discourse emerging from cultural heritage content shared online during the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to understand the different affective and cognitive dynamics that are associated with the online sharing of cultural heritage in difficult times. To do so, we analyzed two Instagram hashtags-#ShareOurHeritage and #ShareCulture - that are promoted by UNESCO on a global scale. We applied a comprehensive quantitative method for qualitative data analysis. This method relied on Latent Dirichlet Allocation for topic modeling to generate automated induction of semantic topics and understand the underlying cognitive and affective dimensions of Instagram posts under each topic. Social values- including safety, inclusion, participation, and resilience - positive emotional language, and diverse cultural expressions were the most shared by the investigated hashtag community during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, results showed that users approach the virtual space as a substitute for the loss of their physical place through terms like home, virtual, online, travel tomorrow, and museums from home. Results are discussed in the context of the global digital divide, the social value of heritage to hashtag communities, and the use of Instagram as a longitudinal record of how cultural heritage values change across time., Competing Interests: None., (© 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Increased stress on raw material and limited landfill space due to increasing rates of urbanization have encouraged efforts to divert Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) away from landfills toward sorting, recycling, and reusing. While these efforts have been successful in some countries (e.g., Germany, Netherlands), developing countries tend to suffer from illegal and haphazard dumping of C&DW. This study presents an optimization based decision support tool to select a cost and environmentally effective set of abandoned quarries to serve as C&DW landfills and processing facilities. The tool is composed of a GIS model and a mixed integer linear program that accounts for the complete waste management chain. A case study in Lebanon served as a testbed for the tool: A multi-criteria analysis was first used in GIS to evaluate the environmental suitability of candidate quarries based on five thematic groups: socio-economic, topography, geology, hydrology and infrastructure. The most suitable quarries were then inputted to the optimization model. Two out of 148 abandoned quarries in Mount Lebanon were deemed suitable for rehabilitation under the objectives set yielding a profit of 125 million US dollars over a 20 year span. Future challenges include enhancing the model by incorporating time and accounting for more recycling technologies., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The global range of motion of the arm is the result of a coordinated motion of the shoulder complex including glenohumeral (GH), scapulothoracic, sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints., Methods: This study is a non-systematic review of kinematic patterns in degenerated shoulders. It is a based on our own research on the kinematics of the shoulder complex and clinical experience., Results: For patients with subacromial impingement syndrome without rotator-cuff tears, most kinematic studies showed a small superior humeral translation relative to the glenoid and decreased scapular lateral rotation and posterior tilt. These scapular kinematic modifications could decrease the subacromial space and favor rotator-cuff tendon injury. For patients with shoulder pain and restricted mobility, the studies showed a significant increase in scapular lateral rotation generally seen as a compensation mechanism of GH decreased range of motion. For patients with multidirectional GH instability, the studies found an antero-inferior decentering of the humeral head, decreased scapular lateral rotation and increased scapular internal rotation., Conclusion: The clinical or instrumented assessment of the shoulder complex with a degenerative pathology must include the analysis of scapula-clavicle and trunk movements complementing the GH assessment. Depending on the individual clinical case, scapular dyskinesis could be the cause or the consequence of the shoulder degenerative pathology. For most degenerative shoulder pathologies, the rehabilitation program should take into account the whole shoulder complex and include first a scapular and trunk postural-correcting strategy, then scapulothoracic muscle rehabilitation (especially serratus anterior and trapezius inferior and medium parts) and finally neuromotor techniques to recover appropriate upper-limb kinematic schemas for daily and/or sports activities., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Unlabelled: In order to examine the effect of reflux therapy on Hyper Reactive Airway Disease (HRAD) and apnea severity, 107 children, 78 with HRAD and 29 with apnea, underwent pH monitoring in the Pediatric Surgery Unit of Wolfson Hospital and the Dana Children's Hospital during the years 1995-1998. Pathological reflux was defined by means of the Boix-Ochoa and RI (Reflux Index) scores. In patients with positive reflux, anti-reflux treatment was initiated. Prior to and following pH monitoring, the respiratory status of all patients (both with and without reflux) was evaluated by a pediatric pulmonologist employing commonly used scores to determine severity., Results: Subject age ranged between one day and 15 years (mean: 15.44 +/- 29 months, median: 6.37 months). In HRAD, following anti-reflex treatment the reflux positive group showed a significant score improvement, from an average of 2.9 +/- 1.1 units to 1.54 +/- 1.2 units (p < 0.0001); a decrease in the number of patients treated with oral corticosteroids (p < 0.01); a close to significant decrease (p = 0.069) in the average dose of inhaled corticosteroids; and a decrease in the number of patients using bronchodilators (p = 0.042). The reflux-negative group, not treated for reflux, displayed no significant improvement, with only a decrease in the severity scores from 2.44 +/- 1.0 to 1.78 +/- 1.2 units (p = 0.14), and no change on any of the other parameters. In apnea, all patients improved, from an average score of 2.34 +/- 0.77 to 0.03 +/- 0.19 units (p < 0.0001), with no significant difference between the reflux positive and the reflux negative groups. In view of these findings, it is postulated that anti-reflux therapy may have an additive effect on HRAD severity, beyond that of spontaneous respiratory improvement. We therefore find it appropriate for every severe HRAD patient (frequent exacerbations or high corticosteroid dose) to undergo pH monitoring in order to treat those with proven reflux. In respect to apnea, we cannot attribute any significance to the existence of reflux or to anti-reflux treatment.