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The plasmid-mediated tet (X4) gene has exhibited a high-level resistance to tigecycline (TGC), which has raised concerns globally regarding antibiotic resistance. Although the widespread tet (X4) has been found widely in Escherichia coli , it is scarcely found in other Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed to characterize a ST469 Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen ( S. Rissen) isolate harboring tet (X4) from pork, which was identified and characterized via antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, plasmid curing testing, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis. Ten ST469 S. Rissen isolates of 223 Salmonella spp. isolates were isolated from food samples in China during 2021-2023. One of 10 S . Rissen isolates, SM2301, carrying tet (X4) conferred high-level resistance to TGC (minimum inhibitory concentration > 8 µg/mL). The tet (X4) could be conjugated into different recipients, including E. coli , S. enteritidis , and K. pneumoniae isolates. Plasmid curing confirmed that tet (X4) was plasmid-mediated. Genetic analysis revealed that the tet (X4) in the SM2301 isolate was located in the IncFIA(HI1)-IncHI1A-IncHI1B(R27) hybrid plasmid, and the structure of tet (X4) was abh - tet (X4)-IS CR2 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a tet (X4)-positive food-derived S. Rissen isolate. The extending bacterial species of tet (X4)-bearing plasmids suggested the increasing transmission risk of the mobile TGC resistance gene tet (X4) beyond E. coli . This study highlights the emerging and evolution risk of novel resistance genes across various bacterial species. Therefore, further surveillance is warranted to monitor the prevalence of tet (X4) in Salmonella spp. and other bacterial species.

Vision transformers have achieved remarkable success in computer vision tasks by using multi-head self-attention modules to capture long-range dependencies within images. However, the high inference computation cost poses a new challenge. Several methods have been proposed to address this problem, mainly by slimming patches. In the inference stage, these methods classify patches into two classes, one to keep and the other to discard in multiple layers. This approach results in additional computation at every layer where patches are discarded, which hinders inference acceleration. In this study, we tackle the patch slimming problem from a different perspective by proposing a life regression module that determines the lifespan of each image patch in one go. During inference, the patch is discarded once the current layer index exceeds its life. Our proposed method avoids additional computation and parameters in multiple layers to enhance inference speed while maintaining competitive performance. Additionally, our approach 1 requires fewer training epochs than other patch slimming methods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 1 μm (PM 1.0 ) can be extremely hazardous to human health, so it is imperative to accurately estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of PM 1.0 and analyze the impact of related policies on it. In this study, a stacking generalization model was trained based on aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from satellite observations, combined with related data affecting aerosol concentration such as meteorological data and geographic data. Using this model, the PM 1.0 concentration distribution in China during 2016-2019 was estimated, and verified by comparison with ground-based stations. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of the model is 0.94, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 8.49 μg/m 3 , mean absolute error (MAE) is 4.10 μg/m 3 , proving that the model has a very high performance. Based on the model, this study analyzed the PM 1.0 concentration changes during the heating period (November and December) in the regions where the "coal-to-gas" policy was implemented in China, and found that the proposed "coal-to-gas" policy did reduce the PM 1.0 concentration in the implemented regions. However, the lack of natural gas due to the unreasonable deployment of the policy in the early stage caused the increase of PM 1.0 concentration. This study can provide a reference for the next step of urban air pollution policy development., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Dear editors, all the authors (Tianqi Shi, Yanran Peng, Xin Ma, Ge Han, Zhipeng Pei, Siwei Li, Huiqin Mao, Xingying Zhang, Wei Gong) declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis, a severe and fatal condition. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms nested within a self-secreted extracellular polymeric substance, and they protect L. monocytogenes from environmental stresses. Biofilms, once formed, can lead to the persistence of L. monocytogenes in processing equipment and are therefore considered to be a major concern for the food industry. This paper briefly introduces the recent advancements on biofilm formation characteristics and detection methods, and focuses on analysis of the mechanism of L. monocytogenes biofilm resistance; Moreover, this paper also summarizes and discusses the existing different techniques of L. monocytogenes biofilm control according to the physical, chemical, biological, and combined strategies, to provide a theoretical reference to aid the choice of effective control technology in the food industry., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Remodeling the conductive zone to assist normal myocardial contraction and relaxation during myocardial fibrosis has become the primary concern of myocardial infarction (MI) regeneration. Herein, we report an unbreakable and self-recoverable hyaluronic acid conductive cardiac patch for MI treatment, which can maintain structural integrity under mechanical load and integrate mechanical and electrical conduction and biological cues to restore cardiac electrical conduction and diastolic contraction function. Using the free carboxyl groups and aldehyde groups in the hydrogel system, excellent adhesion properties are achieved in the interface between the myocardial patch and the tissue, which can be closely integrated with the rabbit myocardial tissue, reducing the need for suture. Interestingly, the hydrogel patch exhibits sensitive conductivity (Δ R / R 0 ≈ 2.5) for 100 cycles and mechanical stability for 500 continuous loading cycles without collapse, which allows the patch to withstand mechanical damage caused by sustained contraction and relaxation of the myocardial tissue. Moreover, considering the oxidative stress state caused by excessive ROS in the MI area, we incorporated Rg1 into the hydrogel to improve the abnormal myocardial microenvironment, which achieved more than 80% free radicalscavenging efficiency in the local infarcted region and promoted myocardial reconstruction. Overall, these Rg1-loaded conductive hydrogels with highly elastic fatigue resistance have great potential in restoring the abnormal electrical conduction pathway and promoting the myocardial microenvironment, thereby repairing the heart and improving the cardiac function.

The infection-prone wound pathology microenvironment leads to ulceration and difficult healing of diabetic wounds, which seriously affects the quality of survival of patients. In this study, natural polymer materials gelatin and polylysine were used as substrates. By introducing iron/tannic acid (Fe III TA) composite nanoparticles with excellent photothermal properties into the system, the glutamine residues of gelatin were crosslinked with the primary ammonia of polylysine by glutamine aminotransferase. A nanocomposite hydrogel with excellent antibacterial ability and NO production was constructed it was used to improve the clinical problems of diabetes wounds that were difficult to vascularize and easy to be infected. Under the premise of maintaining its structural stability, the hydrogel can be customized to meet the needs of different mechanical strengths by adjusting the ratios to match different diabetic wounds. Meanwhile, the photothermal effect of Fe III TA nanoparticles can synergize with the endogenous antibacterial ability of polylysine to improve the antibacterial efficacy of hydrogels. The potential of hydrogel to promote intracellular NO production was confirmed by fluorescent staining. Microneedle patches prepared from hydrogel can be applied to diabetic wounds, which can achieve NO deep release. Its anti-inflammatory and angiogenic abilities are also useful in achieving effective healing of diabetic wounds., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is one of the most effective approaches for the minimally invasive treatment of early gastrointestinal cancers. Submucosal injections help safely and successfully remove lesions during ESD by elevating the mucosa and separating the submucosal muscle layer. Herein, we report dynamic injectable sodium alginate hydrogels (ISAHs) with shear-thinning for ESD surgery, which were easily fabricated by the sulfhydryl group of GSH-modified sodium alginate (SA-GSH) reacting with the aldehyde group of oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) at room temperature. ISAHs have advantageous self-healing abilities and antioxidant activity. Additionally, according to an in vitro test on porcine colorectal submucosal lifting, the submucosal elevation heights created by ISAHs were 13 % -18 % greater than those created by commercial ESD solutions (0.4 w/v% sodium hyaluronate). These properties and biocompatibility were confirmed in vitro and in vivo experiments. ISAHs will hopefully become a novel submucosal injectable hydrogel to assist ESD surgery., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Chronic wounds, especially diabetic wounds, involve abnormally long inflammatory periods due to their pathological microenvironment of high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and lack of blood vessels. Here, via a mild, simple and feasible fabrication approach, a sustained oxygenation system is proposed, consisting of MnO 2 nanosheets and a dual-network hydrogel fabricated from natural biomaterials including silk fibroin (SF) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Compared with the initial value (61.09 kPa), the compression modulus of the dual-network hydrogel increased by 116.2% through the coordination of strong covalent bonds and sacrificial coordination bonds constructed by enzymatic crosslinking and UV-irradiation crosslinking; the intrinsic shear-thinning effect endows the dual-network hydrogel with satisfactory injectable properties to be customized as a predetermined shape to accommodate the irregular wounds of diabetes. The encapsulated MnO 2 nanosheets can catalyze the excessive ROS into necessary O 2 in situ and, after co-incubating with the SF/CMC@MnO 2 hydrogels, cells in oxidative stress show significantly lower ROS (3 times) and higher O 2 (17 times) levels that are conductive to relieving oxidative stress, promoting angiogenesis and reducing inflammation in vivo . Meanwhile, these SF-based hydrogels can offset the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in diabetic wounds (more than 80%) and promote remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Eventually, wound healing rates >76% in 7 days and 100% in 14 days were achieved by the bio-fabricated nanocomposite hydrogel and are remarkably faster than the commercial dressing healing rates (<30% in 7 days and <80% in 14 days). These results indicate that this bio-fabricated hydrogel system with multiple and customizable functions has great promise in the personalized clinical care of chronic wounds.

Although conventional suturing techniques are commonly used in assisting wound closure, they do pose limited conduciveness and may lead to secondary injury to wound tissues. Inspired by marine organism mussels, we designed and manufactured a bio-inspired hydrogel-based bandage with tough wet tissue adhesion to substitute traditional surgical suture, accelerate wound healing and avoid infection. Poly(γ-glutamic acid) was modified with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and glycidyl methacylate, then introduced into the acrylic acid- co -acrylamide hydrogel matrix with robust mechanical properties. The hydrogel bandage showed strong chemical linkage adhesion (70 ± 2.1 kPa), which is 2.8 times that of commercial tissue adhesive fibrin glue (25 ± 2.2 kPa). The hydrogel bandage can not only maintain the self-stability, but is also capable of self-tuning adhesive strength in the range of 14-70 kPa to achieve different adhesion effects by tuning constituent ratio. The bandage has desirable compression properties (0.7 ± 0.11 MPa) and tensile elongation (about 25 times), which ensures its resistance to damages, especially in joint spaces. Secondly, the bandage was endowed with antioxidant and endogenous broad-spectrum antibacterial properties with its catechol structure. Results also demonstrated excellent cell compatibility and blood compatibility, certifying its eligible biological safety profile. In a rat full-thickness cutaneous deficiency model, we can clearly observe that the bandage possesses the ability to promote wound healing (only need 6 days). Above all, this research provides a new strategy for the emergency treatment of liver hemostasis and myocardial repair during disaster rescue., Supplementary Information: Experimental details and supporting data are available in the online version of the paper10.1007/s40843-021-1724-8., (© Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.)

For high-precision measurements of the CO 2 column concentration in the atmosphere with airborne integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) Lidar, the exact distance of the Lidar beam to the scattering surface, that is, the length of the column, must be measured accurately. For the high-precision inversion of the column length, we propose a set of methods on the basis of the actual conditions, including autocorrelation detection, adaptive filtering, Gaussian decomposition, and optimized Levenberg-Marquardt fitting based on the generalized Gaussian distribution. Then, based on the information of a pair of laser pulses, we use the direct adjustment method of unequal precision to eliminate the error in the distance measurement. Further, the effect of atmospheric delay on distance measurements is considered, leading to further correction of the inversion results. At last, an airborne experiment was carried out in a sea area near Qinhuangdao, China on March 14, 2019. The results showed that the ranging accuracy can reach 0.9066 m, which achieved an excellent ranging accuracy on 1.57-μm IPDA Lidar and met the requirement for high-precision CO 2 column length inversion., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Communities adjacent to concentrated areas of industrial land use (CAILU) are exposed to elevated levels of pollutants during flood disasters. Many CAILU are also characterized by insufficient infrastructure, poor environmental quality, and socially vulnerable populations. Manchester, TX is a marginalized CAILU neighborhood proximate to several petrochemical industrial sites that is prone to frequent flooding. Pollutants from stormwater runoff discharge from industrial land uses into residential areas have created increased toxicant exposures. Working with local organizations, centers/institutes, stakeholders, and residents, public health researchers sampled air, water, indoor dust, and outdoor soil while researchers from landscape architecture and urban planning applied these findings to develop a community-scaled master plan. The plan utilizes land use and built environment changes to increase flood resiliency and decrease exposure to contaminants. Using a combination of models to assess the performance, costs, and benefits of green infrastructure and pollutant load impacts, the master plan is projected to capture 147,456 cubic feet of runoff, and create $331,400 of annual green benefits by reducing air pollution and energy use, providing pollution treatment, increase carbon dioxide sequestration, and improve groundwater replenishment. Simultaneously, there is a 41% decrease across all analyzed pollutants, reducing exposure to and transferal of toxic materials.