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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the foremost cause of mortality worldwide, with incidence and mortality rates persistently climbing despite extensive research efforts. Innovative therapeutic approaches are still needed to extend patients' lives and preserve their health. In the present study, novel supramolecular nanomedicine with both nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidant releasing ability was developed to enhance therapeutic efficacy against vascular injuries. Utilizing α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) as a host molecule, the nanomedicine aims to achieve site-specific delivery via targeting peptide rendered selective accumulation. By scavenging ROS and amplifying NO's regulatory effects, the nanomedicine readily restored vascular homeostasis, in both acute and chronic CVDs. It served as a promising solution to overcome the challenges associated with NO-based therapies and may inspire future research studies on new therapies for CVDs.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease and responsible for the high mortality of cardiovascular emergencies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) show a potential role in atherogenesis. We identified an aberrantly expressed circRNA (circ_0001148) in atherosclerotic tissues. However, whether circ_0001148 involved in atherogenesis remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the biological function of circ_0001148 and the underlying mechanism in AS. Functional analysis indicated that circ_0001148 promoted endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and thus accelerated the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. The mechanism analysis suggested that circ_0001148 act as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modify the expression of JMY by sponging miR-218-5p. We also demonstrated that the treatment of miR-218-5p mimics or JMY deficiency could attenuated the progression of AS induced by circ_0001148 overexpression. Therefore, we proposed a novel signaling network which circ_0001148 promotes atherogenesis via miR-218-5p/JMY axis. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of AS, and potentially leading to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy targeting circ_0001148., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Methylation modification is a critical regulatory mechanism in epigenetics, playing a significant role in various biological processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent modification found in RNA. This modification is dynamic and reversible, regulated by methyltransferases and demethylases. The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) facilitates the demethylation of m6A in RNA, and its aberrant expression is closely associated with the development of multiple diseases. Thus, FTO has the potential to serve as a crucial biomarker for clinical disease diagnosis. Despite its significance, there has been a lack of comprehensive reviews addressing the research advancements in detection methods for the demethylase FTO. This review provides an overview of the progress in FTO detection methods, ranging from traditional approaches to novel techniques, with a particular focus on recently reported innovations. These novel detection methods can be categorized into strategies based on enzymes, functional nucleic acids (FNA), and conformational changes. We summarize the principles and applications of these detection methods and discuss the current challenges and future prospects in this field., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The establishment of an early pro-regenerative niche is crucial for tissue regeneration 1,2 . Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis accounts for the release of inflammatory cytokines upon various insults 3-5 . However, little is known about its role in tissue regeneration followed by homeostatic maintenance. Here we show that macrophage GSDMD deficiency delays tissue recovery but has little effect on the local inflammatory milieu or the lytic pyroptosis process. Profiling of the metabolite secretome of hyperactivated macrophages revealed a non-canonical metabolite-secreting function of GSDMD. We further identified 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) as a bioactive, pro-healing oxylipin that is secreted from hyperactive macrophages in a GSDMD-dependent manner. Accumulation of 11,12-EET by direct supplementation or deletion of Ephx2, which encodes a 11,12-EET-hydrolytic enzyme, accelerated muscle regeneration. We further demonstrated that EPHX2 accumulated within aged muscle, and that consecutive 11,12-EET treatment rejuvenated aged muscle. Mechanistically, 11,12-EET amplifies fibroblast growth factor signalling by modulating liquid-liquid phase separation of fibroblast growth factors, thereby boosting the activation and proliferation of muscle stem cells. These data depict a GSDMD-guided metabolite crosstalk between macrophages and muscle stem cells that governs the repair process, which offers insights with therapeutic implications for the regeneration of injured or aged tissues., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Objective: The research aims to investigate the impact of narrative nursing on the psychological well-being of nursing personnel in the context of the normalization of epidemic., Methods: A cohort of 170 frontline nursing staff at our institution was selected for this clinical study from January 1st to October 31st of 2023. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was employed to evaluate the psychological health of these frontline nursing personnel, compared to the standard norms for nurses in mainland China. Employing a randomized selection method, the cohort was divided into two groups: a control group (85 cases) receiving conventional nursing care and a research group (85 cases) receiving narrative nursing care. The duration of nursing intervention in both groups was set at 12 weeks. Various aspects of psychological well-being, work-related stress, psychological resilience, post-traumatic stress disorder, occupational burnout, job satisfaction, and coping strategies were assessed both before and after the nursing intervention., Results: Among the positive projects of 170 frontline nursing personnel, 32 exhibited positive symptoms, resulting in a positive rate of 18.82%. With the exception of the paranoia dimension score, the scores for other dimensions in the SCL-90 scale within the clinical group were notably higher than those observed in the norm group (P < .05). Among the ten items with the highest frequency of positive symptoms, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and hostility were identified as the most prevalent psychological health issues among frontline nursing personnel. Post-nursing intervention, the research group exhibited lower scores in dimensions other than paranoia in the SCL-90 scale compared to the control group (P < .05). The research group also displayed lower scores in SAS, SDS, SRQ, PCL-C, MBI-HSS and higher scores in CD-RISC and JWS post-intervention (P < .05). In the post-nursing intervention phase, the research group demonstrated lower scores in negative coping and higher scores in positive coping as per the SCSQ scale in comparison to the control group (P < .05)., Conclusions: Amidst the ongoing normalization of the epidemic, the psychological well-being of frontline nursing staff was lower than the established norms for nurses in mainland China. Notably, somatization, anxiety, and depression emerged as predominant manifestations. Narrative nursing was identified as an effective intervention to enhance nursing personnel's psychological well-being and coping strategies, ultimately regulating negative emotions, reducing post-traumatic stress disorder and occupational burnout, reducing stress levels, and enhancing job satisfaction and psychological resilience.

Background: This study aimed to explore the potential impact of stage, grade, and hormone receptor profile on ovarian stimulation response and fertility preservation outcomes., Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated data from breast cancer patients who underwent fertility preservation at a tertiary medical center between 2014 and 2022. The outcomes of women with low-stage cancer (stages I and II) were compared with those of women with high-stage disease (stages III and IV or lymph node metastasis). Similarly, we compared those with low-grade (grades 1 and 2) and high-grade (grade 3) malignancies. In addition, we compared different hormone statuses of breast cancer (1) estrogen receptor (ER) positive vs. ER-negative and (2) triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) vs. non-TNBC. The primary outcome measured was the number of mature oocytes, while the secondary outcomes included the numbers of total oocytes retrieved, peak estradiol levels, and subsequent fertility preservation outcomes., Results: A total of 47 patients were included. Patients with high-grade tumors had a comparable number of mature oocytes (8 vs. 10, p = 0.08) compared to patients with low grade cancers. The stage-based analysis revealed a similar number of mature oocytes (8 vs. 10, p = 0.33) between high/low stage patients. In the hormone receptor-based analysis, no differences were seen in mature oocytes collected between the ER-positive/ER-negative group (9 vs. 9, p = 0.87) and the TNBC/non-TNBC group (11 vs. 9, p = 0.13). The utilization rate was 27.6% (13/47)., Conclusion: Our study showed similar ovarian stimulation response and fertility preservation outcomes among breast cancer patients with different prognostic factors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article., (Copyright © 2024 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To compare the application value of three image post-processing techniques volume rendering (VR), multiplanar reformation (MPR) and curved planar reformation (CPR) in the identification of rib fracture malunion., Methods: The types and numbers of rib fracture malunion in 75 patients were recorded, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Youden index of VR, MPR and CPR in the diagnosis of rib fracture malunion were compared. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, and the detection rates of three image post-processing techniques for different types of rib fracture malunion were compared., Results: A total of 243 rib fractures were malunion in 75 patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of VR, MPR and CPR for rib fracture malunion was 52.67%, 79.84% and 91.36%, the specificity was 99.58%, 97.89% and 99.15%, the accuracy was 83.66%, 91.76% and 96.51%, the Youden index was 0.52, 0.78 and 0.91, the AUC was 0.761, 0.889 and 0.953, respectively. Compared with VR, there were statistically significant differences in the number of broken rib end misalignment over 1/3, broken rib end overlap, broken rib end angulation and intercostal bridge detected in MPR ( P <0.05). Compared with VR, there was a statistically significant difference in the number of different types of rib fracture malunion detected by CPR ( P <0.05). Compared with MPR, there were statistically significant differences in the number of broken rib end misalignment over 1/3, broken rib end separation and intercostal bridge detected in CPR ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: The three image post-processing techniques are of great significance for the identification of rib fracture malunion. Especially CPR is highly effective in the diagnosis of rib fracture malunion, and can be used as the main post-processing technique for forensic clinical identification of rib fracture malunion.

Adenomyosis, endometriosis of the uterus, is associated with an increased likelihood of abnormal endometrial molecular expressions thought to impair implantation and early embryo development, resulting in disrupted fertility, including the local effects of sex steroid and pituitary hormones, immune responses, inflammatory factors, and neuroangiogenic mediators. In the recent literature, all of the proposed pathogenetic mechanisms of adenomyosis reduce endometrial receptivity and alter the adhesion molecule expression necessary for embryo implantation. The evidence so far has shown that adenomyosis causes lower pregnancy and live birth rates, higher miscarriage rates, as well as adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Both pharmaceutical and surgical treatments for adenomyosis seem to have a positive impact on reproductive outcomes, leading to improved pregnancy and live birth rates. In addition, adenomyosis has negative impacts on reproductive outcomes in patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology. This association appears less significant after patients follow a long gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) protocol, which improves implantation rates. The pre-treatment of GnRHa can also be beneficial before engaging in natural conception attempts. This review aims to discover adenomyosis-associated infertility and to provide patient-specific treatment options.

Study Objectives: The gold standard for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is polysomnography (PSG). However, PSG is a time-consuming method with clinical limitations. This study aimed to create a wireless radar framework to screen the likelihood of 2 levels of OSA severity (ie, moderate-to-severe and severe OSA) in accordance with clinical practice standards., Methods: We conducted a prospective, simultaneous study using a wireless radar system and PSG in a Northern Taiwan sleep center, involving 196 patients. The wireless radar sleep monitor, incorporating hybrid models such as deep neural decision trees, estimated the respiratory disturbance index relative to the total sleep time established by PSG (RDI PSG&#95;TST ), by analyzing continuous-wave signals indicative of breathing patterns. Analyses were performed to examine the correlation and agreement between the RDI PSG&#95;TST and apnea-hypopnea index, results obtained through PSG. Cut-off thresholds for RDI PSG&#95;TST were determined using Youden's index, and multiclass classification was performed, after which the results were compared., Results: A strong correlation (ρ = 0.91) and agreement (average difference of 0.59 events/h) between apnea-hypopnea index and RDI PSG&#95;TST were identified. In terms of the agreement between the 2 devices, the average difference between PSG-based apnea-hypopnea index and radar-based RDI PSG&#95;TST was 0.59 events/h, and 187 out of 196 cases (95.41%) fell within the 95% confidence interval of differences. A moderate-to-severe OSA model achieved an accuracy of 90.3% (cut-off threshold for RDI PSG&#95;TST : 19.2 events/h). A severe OSA model achieved an accuracy of 92.4% (cut-off threshold for RDI PSG&#95;TST : 28.86 events/h). The mean accuracy of multiclass classification performance using these cut-off thresholds was 83.7%., Conclusions: The wireless-radar-based sleep monitoring device, with cut-off thresholds, can provide rapid OSA screening with acceptable accuracy and also alleviate the burden on PSG capacity. However, to independently apply this framework, the function of determining the radar-based total sleep time requires further optimizations and verification in future work., Citation: Lin S-Y, Tsai C-Y, Majumdar A, et al. Combining a wireless radar sleep monitoring device with deep machine learning techniques to assess obstructive sleep apnea severity. J Clin Sleep Med . 2024;20(8):1267-1277., (© 2024 American Academy of Sleep Medicine.)

Transmission spectroscopy has been a workhorse technique used over the past two decades to constrain the physical and chemical properties of exoplanet atmospheres 1-5 . One of its classical key assumptions is that the portion of the atmosphere it probes-the terminator region-is homogeneous. Several works from the past decade, however, have put this into question for highly irradiated, hot (T eq  ≳ 1,000 K) gas giant exoplanets, both empirically 6-10 and through three-dimensional modelling 11-17 . While models have predicted clear differences between the evening (day-to-night) and morning (night-to-day) terminators, direct morning and evening transmission spectra in a wide wavelength range have not been reported for an exoplanet so far. Under the assumption of precise and accurate orbital parameters for the exoplanet WASP-39 b, here we report the detection of inhomogeneous terminators on WASP-39 b, which has allowed us to retrieve its morning and evening transmission spectra in the near-infrared (2-5 μm) using the James Webb Space Telescope. We have observed larger transit depths in the evening, which are, on average, 405 ± 88 ppm larger than the morning ones, and also have qualitatively larger features than the morning spectrum. The spectra are best explained by models in which the evening terminator is hotter than the morning terminator by 17 7 - 57 + 65  K, with both terminators having C/O ratios consistent with solar. General circulation models predict temperature differences broadly consistent with the above value and point towards a cloudy morning terminator and a clearer evening terminator., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

As the integration of chips in 3D integrated circuits (ICs) increases and the size of micro-bumps reduces, issues with the reliability of service due to electromigration and thermomigration are becoming more prevalent. In the practical application of solder joints, an increase in the grain size of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) has been observed during the reflow process. This phenomenon results in an increased thickness of the IMC layer, accompanied by a proportional increase in the volume of the IMC layer within the joint. The brittle nature of IMC renders it susceptible to excessive growth in small-sized joints, which has the potential to negatively impact the reliability of the welded joint. It is therefore of the utmost importance to regulate the formation and growth of IMCs. The following paper presents the electrodeposition of a Ni-W layer on a Cu substrate, forming a barrier layer. Subsequently, the barrier properties between the Sn/Cu reactive couples were subjected to a comprehensive and systematic investigation. The study indicates that the Ni-W layer has the capacity to impede the diffusion of Sn atoms into Cu. Furthermore, the Ni-W layer is a viable diffusion barrier at the Sn/Cu interface. The "bright layer" Ni 2 WSn 4 can be observed in all Ni-W coatings during the soldering reflow process, and its growth was almost linear. The structure of the Ni-W layer is such that it reduces the barrier properties that would otherwise be inherent to it. This is due to the "bright layer" Ni 2 WSn 4 that covers the original Ni-W barrier layer. At a temperature of 300 °C for a duration of 600 s, the Ni-W barrier layer loses its blocking function. Once the "bright layer" Ni 2 WSn 4 has completely covered the original Ni-W barrier layer, the diffusion activation energy for Sn diffusion into the Cu substrate side will be significantly reduced, particularly in areas where the distortion energy is concentrated due to electroplating tension. Both the "bright layer" Ni 2 WSn 4 and Sn will grow rapidly, with the formation of Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs). At temperatures of 250 °C, the growth of Ni 3 Sn 4 -based IMCs is controlled by grain boundaries. Conversely, the growth of the Ni 2 WSn 4 layer (consumption of Ni-W layer) is influenced by a combination of grain boundary diffusion and bulk diffusion. At temperatures of 275 °C and 300 °C, the growth of Ni 3 Sn 4 -based IMCs and the Ni 2 WSn 4 layer (consumption of Ni-W layer) are both controlled by grain boundaries. The findings of this study can inform the theoretical design of solder joints with barrier layers as well as the selection of Ni-W diffusion barrier layers for use in different soldering processes. This can, in turn, enhance the reliability of microelectronic devices, offering significant theoretical and practical value.

DNAzyme-based assays have found extensive utility in pathogenic bacteria detection but often suffer from limited sensitivity and specificity. The integration of a signal amplification strategy could address this challenge, while the existing combination methods require extensive modification to accommodate various DNAzymes, limiting the wide-spectrum bacteria detection. We introduced a novel hook-like DNAzyme-activated autocatalytic nucleic acid circuit for universal pathogenic bacteria detection. The hook-like connector DNA was employed to seamlessly integrate the recognition element DNAzyme with the isothermal enzyme-free autocatalytic hybridization chain reaction and catalytic hairpin assembly for robust exponential signal amplification. This innovative autocatalytic circuit substantially amplifies the output signals from the DNAzyme recognition module, effectively overcoming DNAzyme's inherent sensitivity constraints in pathogen identification. The biosensor exhibits a strong linear response within a range of 1.5 × 10 3 to 3.7 × 10 7 CFU/mL, achieving a detection limit of 1.3 × 10 3 CFU/mL. Noted that the sensor's adaptability as a universal detection platform is established by simply modifying the hook-like connector module, enabling the detection of various pathogenic bacteria of considerable public health importance reported by the World Health Organization, including Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Salmonella typhimurium . Additionally, the specificity of DNAzyme in bacterial detection is markedly improved due to the signal amplification process of the autocatalytic circuit. This hook-like DNAzyme-activated autocatalytic platform presents a versatile, sensitive, and specific approach for pathogenic bacteria detection, promising to significantly expand the applications of DNAzyme in bacteria detection.

Aims: A severe lockdown occurred in Wuhan during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a remission phase in the pandemic's aftermath. This study analyzed the bacterial and fungal profiles of respiratory pathogens in patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) during this period to determine the pathogen profile distributions in different age groups and hospital departments in Wuhan., Methods and Results: We collected reports of pathogen testing in the medical records of patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 LRTI between 2019 and 2021. These cases were tested for bacterial and fungal pathogens using 16S and internal transcribed spacer sequencing methods on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. The study included 1368 cases. The bacteria most commonly identified were Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.50%) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (8.33%). The most commonly identified fungi were Aspergillus fumigatus (2.49%) and Pneumocystis jirovecii (1.75%). Compared to 2019, the S. pneumoniae detection rates increased significantly in 2021, and those of M. pneumoniae decreased. Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected mainly in children. The detection rates of almost all fungi were greater in the respiratory Intensive Care Unit compared to respiratory medicine. Streptococcus pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae were detected more frequently in the pediatric department., Conclusions: Before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, a change in the common pathogen spectrum was detected in patients with non-COVID-19 in Wuhan, with the greatest change occurring among children. The major pathogens varied by the patient's age and the hospital department., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Applied Microbiology International.)

As the reliability and lifespan requirements of modern equipment continues to escalate, the problems with very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) has obtained increasingly widespread attention, becoming a hot topic in fatigue research. Titanium alloys, which are the most extensively used metal materials in the modern aerospace industry, are particularly prone to VHCF issues. The present study systematically reviewed and summarized the latest (since 2010) developments in VHCF research on titanium alloy, with special focus on the (i) experimental methods, (ii) macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the fatigue fractures, and (iii) construction of fatigue fracture models. More specifically, the review addresses the technological approaches that were used, mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation, features of the S-N curves and Goodman diagrams, and impact of various factors (such as processing, temperature, and corrosion). In addition, it elucidates the damage mechanisms, evolution, and modeling of VHCF in titanium alloys, thereby improving the understanding of VHCF patterns in titanium alloys and highlighting the current challenges in VHCF research.

Metabolic reprogramming is critical in the onset of pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. Our study reveals that proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), the key enzyme in proline metabolism, reprograms cardiomyocyte metabolism to protect against cardiac remodeling. We induced cardiac remodeling using transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in both cardiac-specific PRODH knockout and overexpression mice. Our results indicate that PRODH expression is suppressed after TAC. Cardiac-specific PRODH knockout mice exhibited worsened cardiac dysfunction, while mice with PRODH overexpression demonstrated a protective effect. In addition, we simulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes treated with phenylephrine. Through RNA sequencing, metabolomics, and metabolic flux analysis, we elucidated that PRODH overexpression in cardiomyocytes redirects proline catabolism to replenish tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, enhance energy production, and restore glutathione redox balance. Our findings suggest PRODH as a modulator of cardiac bioenergetics and redox homeostasis during cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload. This highlights the potential of PRODH as a therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the intervention program based on the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB) in patients with pressure injury (PI)., Methods: The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University received thirty patients suspected of having pressure injuries from June to December 2022. These patients were selected as the control group. Another thirty patients suspected of having pressure injuries were received by the hospital from January to June 2023 and were selected as the experimental group. The experimental group received a usual care protocol, while the trial group received the IMCHB model intervention for three months. The study compared the knowledge of pressure injuries, quality of life, incidence of pressure injuries, and patient satisfaction of high-risk patients between the two groups., Results: After the intervention, the PI awareness score of caregivers in the experimental group was (31.90 ± 5.24). It is higher than the control group (26.37 ± 6.85). The point of social function, physical function and material function of experimental group were (57.03 ± 5.32), (33.47 ± 3.52) and (58.53 ± 6.93). Respectively, it was higher than the experimental group (48.63 ± 4.80), (27.17 ± 3.04), (46.13 ± 6.72). The incidence of high-risk PI in the experimental group was 3.33%. The point of the control group was 26.67%. The total satisfaction of the experimental group was (8.27 ± 0.78) points, higher than the control group (7.30 ± 0.65). The difference was of statistical significance (P < .05)., Conclusion: The intervention program based on IMCHB can significantly improve cognitive ability and thus promote health behavior.

Knowledge of the antibody response to the third dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is crucial because it is the subject of one of the largest global vaccination programs. This study integrated microsampling with optical biosensors to profile neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in fifteen vaccinated healthy donors, followed by the application of machine learning to predict antibody response at given timepoints. Over a nine-month duration, microsampling and venipuncture were conducted at seven individual timepoints. A refined iteration of a fiber optic biolayer interferometry (FO-BLI) biosensor was designed, enabling rapid multiplexed biosensing of the NAbs of both wild-type and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants in minutes. Findings revealed a strong correlation (Pearson r of 0.919, specificity of 100%) between wild-type variant NAb levels in microsamples and sera. Following the third dose, sera NAb levels of the wild-type variant increased 2.9-fold after seven days and 3.3-fold within a month, subsequently waning and becoming undetectable after three months. Considerable but incomplete evasion of the latest Omicron subvariants from booster vaccine-elicited NAbs was confirmed, although a higher number of binding antibodies (BAbs) was identified by another rapid FO-BLI biosensor in minutes. Significantly, FO-BLI highly correlated with a pseudovirus neutralization assay in identifying neutralizing capacities (Pearson r of 0.983). Additionally, machine learning demonstrated exceptional accuracy in predicting antibody levels, with an error level of <5% for both NAbs and BAbs across multiple timepoints. Microsample-driven biosensing enables individuals to access their results within hours of self-collection, while precise models could guide personalized vaccination strategies. The technology's innate adaptability means it has the potential for effective translation in disease prevention and vaccine development.

The recent inference of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the atmosphere of the hot (approximately 1,100 K), Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b from near-infrared JWST observations 1-3 suggests that photochemistry is a key process in high-temperature exoplanet atmospheres 4 . This is because of the low (<1 ppb) abundance of SO 2 under thermochemical equilibrium compared with that produced from the photochemistry of H 2 O and H 2 S (1-10 ppm) 4-9 . However, the SO 2 inference was made from a single, small molecular feature in the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b at 4.05 μm and, therefore, the detection of other SO 2 absorption bands at different wavelengths is needed to better constrain the SO 2 abundance. Here we report the detection of SO 2 spectral features at 7.7 and 8.5 μm in the 5-12-μm transmission spectrum of WASP-39b measured by the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS) 10 . Our observations suggest an abundance of SO 2 of 0.5-25 ppm (1σ range), consistent with previous findings 4 . As well as SO 2 , we find broad water-vapour absorption features, as well as an unexplained decrease in the transit depth at wavelengths longer than 10 μm. Fitting the spectrum with a grid of atmospheric forward models, we derive an atmospheric heavy-element content (metallicity) for WASP-39b of approximately 7.1-8.0 times solar and demonstrate that photochemistry shapes the spectra of WASP-39b across a broad wavelength range., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: This study evaluated novel automatic dual rotational Risley prisms (ADRRPs) as a vergence exercise tool for patients with myopia to improve accommodative lag and accommodative facility., Methods: Participants with myopia aged 20-24 years were recruited. After vergence exercises with prisms (treatment group) or plano lenses (control group) using ADRRPs for 10 min, measurements were taken using an open-field autorefractor (Grand Seiko WAM-5500) at viewing distances of 0.4 m and 6.0 m. We measured accommodative facility using a ± 2.00 D accommodative flipper., Results: A total of 56 participants (treatment group, 39; control group, 17) performed vergence exercises using ADRRPs. Participants in the treatment group showed improvements in accommodative lag at a 0.4 m viewing distance, with measurements of 0.57 D (right eye; OD) and 0.53 D (left eye; OS) and 0.21 D (OD) and 0.27 D (OS) before and after the exercises, respectively (p < 0.001). Over-refractions using an open-field autorefractor with spherical equivalent contact lenses at a 6.0 m viewing distance were - 0.01 ± 0.30 D (OD) and 0.03 ± 0.34 D (OS) and 0.15 ± 0.32 D (OD) and 0.19 ± 0.28 D (OS) before and after the exercises, respectively (difference + 0.16 D; p < 0.001). Accommodative facility values before and after exercises were 14.88 ± 3.36 and 15.59 ± 3.60 cpm, respectively (p < 0.01). No significant differences in accommodative lag, relaxation, and accommodative facility before and after exercise were observed in the control group., Conclusions: Using ADRRPs in vergence exercises can improve accommodative lag, accommodative facility, and accommodative relaxation in adults with myopia. Further research to evaluate persistent and long-term effects is needed., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Purpose: To explore the risk factors of endometrial lesions in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding(AUB) and establish prediction models which can discriminate between different endometrial etiologies of AUB., Material and Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study in consecutive 778 women with AUB who received ultrasound examination and endometrial histopathological examination. Models were developed to distinguish between normal endometrium and (1) endometrial lesions, (2) endometrial polyps, (3) endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, (4) endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma., Results: 274 (35.2%) women had normal endometrium; 504 (64.8%) had endometrial lesions, including 337(43.3%) endometrial polyps, 139(17.9%) endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 28(3.6%) endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma. Age (OR = 1.122, 95%CI 1.002-1.257, P < 0.001), ET (endometrial thickness, OR = 2.702, 95%CI 1.629-4.402, P < 0.001), and CA125(U/ml) (OR = 1.007, 95%CI 1.003-1.021, P < 0.001) are independent risk factors of endometrial lesions in women with AUB. BMI(OR = 1.109, 95%CI 1.067-1.433,P = 0.038), ET(OR = 20.741, 95%CI 16.136-98.842, P < 0.001), age(OR = 1.182, 95%CI1.031-1.433,P = 0.016)、CA125(U/ml) (OR = 1.690, 95%CI 1.506-1.929,P = 0.001), prevalence of hypertension(OR = 1.350, 95%CI 1.051-67.82, P = 0.014) and diabetes(OR = 1.108, 95%CI 1.008-20.194,P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma in patients with AUB. The model we built could predict atypical hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma with the sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 80.7% and the AUC of 0.921., Conclusion: In women with AUB, the new-built model based on age, BMI, endometrial thickness, hypertension, diabetes and CA125 could discriminate reliable between atypical hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma and normal women. The model may be useful for management of AUB., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Close-in giant exoplanets with temperatures greater than 2,000 K ('ultra-hot Jupiters') have been the subject of extensive efforts to determine their atmospheric properties using thermal emission measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer Space Telescope 1-3 . However, previous studies have yielded inconsistent results because the small sizes of the spectral features and the limited information content of the data resulted in high sensitivity to the varying assumptions made in the treatment of instrument systematics and the atmospheric retrieval analysis 3-12 . Here we present a dayside thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b obtained with the NIRISS 13 instrument on the JWST. The data span 0.85 to 2.85 μm in wavelength at an average resolving power of 400 and exhibit minimal systematics. The spectrum shows three water emission features (at >6σ confidence) and evidence for optical opacity, possibly attributable to H - , TiO and VO (combined significance of 3.8σ). Models that fit the data require a thermal inversion, molecular dissociation as predicted by chemical equilibrium, a solar heavy-element abundance ('metallicity', [Formula: see text] times solar) and a carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio less than unity. The data also yield a dayside brightness temperature map, which shows a peak in temperature near the substellar point that decreases steeply and symmetrically with longitude towards the terminators., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health challenge, causing more deaths worldwide than cancer. The vascular endothelium, which forms the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a central role in maintaining vascular integrity and homeostasis and is in direct contact with the blood flow. Research over the past century has shown that mechanical perturbations of the vascular wall contribute to the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. While the straight part of the artery is exposed to sustained laminar flow and physiological high shear stress, flow near branch points or in curved vessels can exhibit 'disturbed' flow. Clinical studies as well as carefully controlled in vitro analyses have confirmed that these regions of disturbed flow, which can include low shear stress, recirculation, oscillation, or lateral flow, are preferential sites of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Because of their critical role in blood flow homeostasis, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have mechanosensory mechanisms that allow them to react rapidly to changes in mechanical forces, and to execute context-specific adaptive responses to modulate EC functions. This review summarizes the current understanding of endothelial mechanobiology, which can guide the identification of new therapeutic targets to slow or reverse the progression of atherosclerosis., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: Dr. Munn has received equity from Bayer AG., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Atmospheric metal enrichment (that is, elements heavier than helium, also called 'metallicity') is a key diagnostic of the formation of giant planets 1-3 . The giant planets of the Solar System show an inverse relationship between mass and both their bulk metallicities and atmospheric metallicities. Extrasolar giant planets also display an inverse relationship between mass and bulk metallicity 4 . However, there is significant scatter in the relationship and it is not known how atmospheric metallicity correlates with either planet mass or bulk metallicity. Here we show that the Saturn-mass exoplanet HD 149026b (refs. 5-9 ) has an atmospheric metallicity 59-276 times solar (at 1σ), which is greater than Saturn's atmospheric metallicity of roughly 7.5 times solar 10 at more than 4σ confidence. This result is based on modelling CO 2 and H 2 O absorption features in the thermal emission spectrum of the planet measured by the James Webb Space Telescope. HD 149026b is the most metal-rich giant planet known, with an estimated bulk heavy element abundance of 66 ± 2% by mass 11,12 . We find that the atmospheric metallicities of both HD 149026b and the Solar System giant planets are more correlated with bulk metallicity than planet mass., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Photochemistry is a fundamental process of planetary atmospheres that regulates the atmospheric composition and stability 1 . However, no unambiguous photochemical products have been detected in exoplanet atmospheres so far. Recent observations from the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Program 2,3 found a spectral absorption feature at 4.05 μm arising from sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) in the atmosphere of WASP-39b. WASP-39b is a 1.27-Jupiter-radii, Saturn-mass (0.28 M J ) gas giant exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star with an equilibrium temperature of around 1,100 K (ref.  4 ). The most plausible way of generating SO 2 in such an atmosphere is through photochemical processes 5,6 . Here we show that the SO 2 distribution computed by a suite of photochemical models robustly explains the 4.05-μm spectral feature identified by JWST transmission observations 7 with NIRSpec PRISM (2.7σ) 8 and G395H (4.5σ) 9 . SO 2 is produced by successive oxidation of sulfur radicals freed when hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is destroyed. The sensitivity of the SO 2 feature to the enrichment of the atmosphere by heavy elements (metallicity) suggests that it can be used as a tracer of atmospheric properties, with WASP-39b exhibiting an inferred metallicity of about 10× solar. We further point out that SO 2 also shows observable features at ultraviolet and thermal infrared wavelengths not available from the existing observations., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, with increasing mortality worldwide. Non-cardiomyocytes account for more than half of the total cardiac cell population, and they contribute to adaptive compensations upon myocardial injury, including inflammatory responses, tissue repair, and scar formation. To study the post-MI cardiac microenvironment, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely used to identify different cardiac cell types and intercellular communications. Among the procedures of scRNA-seq sample preparation, preparing the cell suspension is one of the most critical steps, because the cell viability can affect the quality of the scRNA-seq results. Therefore, we designed an experimental protocol for preparing a non-cardiomyocyte cell suspension from post-MI mouse hearts with an extra focus on improving the cell viability by choosing mild digestive enzymes, controlling the digestion time, and applying fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Finally, we isolated CD45 + cells from the non-cardiomyocyte cell suspension obtained through this protocol, and then we performed scRNA-seq.

Measuring the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in exoplanet atmospheres is a fundamental step towards constraining the dominant chemical processes at work and, if in equilibrium, revealing planet formation histories. Transmission spectroscopy (for example, refs. 1,2 ) provides the necessary means by constraining the abundances of oxygen- and carbon-bearing species; however, this requires broad wavelength coverage, moderate spectral resolution and high precision, which, together, are not achievable with previous observatories. Now that JWST has commenced science operations, we are able to observe exoplanets at previously uncharted wavelengths and spectral resolutions. Here we report time-series observations of the transiting exoplanet WASP-39b using JWST's Near InfraRed Camera (NIRCam). The long-wavelength spectroscopic and short-wavelength photometric light curves span 2.0-4.0 micrometres, exhibit minimal systematics and reveal well defined molecular absorption features in the planet's spectrum. Specifically, we detect gaseous water in the atmosphere and place an upper limit on the abundance of methane. The otherwise prominent carbon dioxide feature at 2.8 micrometres is largely masked by water. The best-fit chemical equilibrium models favour an atmospheric metallicity of 1-100-times solar (that is, an enrichment of elements heavier than helium relative to the Sun) and a substellar C/O ratio. The inferred high metallicity and low C/O ratio may indicate significant accretion of solid materials during planet formation (for example, refs. 3,4 , ) or disequilibrium processes in the upper atmosphere (for example, refs. 5,6 )., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Measuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems 1,2 . Access to the chemical inventory of an exoplanet requires high-precision observations, often inferred from individual molecular detections with low-resolution space-based 3-5 and high-resolution ground-based 6-8 facilities. Here we report the medium-resolution (R ≈ 600) transmission spectrum of an exoplanet atmosphere between 3 and 5 μm covering several absorption features for the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b (ref.  9 ), obtained with the Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) G395H grating of JWST. Our observations achieve 1.46 times photon precision, providing an average transit depth uncertainty of 221 ppm per spectroscopic bin, and present minimal impacts from systematic effects. We detect significant absorption from CO 2 (28.5σ) and H 2 O (21.5σ), and identify SO 2 as the source of absorption at 4.1 μm (4.8σ). Best-fit atmospheric models range between 3 and 10 times solar metallicity, with sub-solar to solar C/O ratios. These results, including the detection of SO 2 , underscore the importance of characterizing the chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres and showcase NIRSpec G395H as an excellent mode for time-series observations over this critical wavelength range 10 ., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Despite the clinical relevance of defense mechanisms, there are no published studies in nationally representative samples of their prevalence, correlates, and association with psychosocial functioning. We sought to estimate the prevalence and correlates of 12 defense mechanisms in the general adult population by approximating from items used to assess personality traits in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a representative sample of US adults (N = 36,653). We examined the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of 3 types of defenses mechanisms (pathological, immature, and neurotic). For each defense mechanism, we used the Short-Form 12 to compare psychosocial functioning among 3 groups: those who (1) endorsed the mechanism with self-recognized impairment, (2) endorsed the mechanism without self-recognized impairment, and (3) did not endorse the defense mechanism. The prevalence of defense mechanisms ranged from 13.2% (splitting) to 44.5% (obsessive/controlling behavior). Pathological defenses were more strongly associated with immature defenses (OR = 5.4, 95% CI = 5.2-5.6) than with neurotic defenses (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.9-2.0), whereas the association between immature and neurotic defenses had an intermediate value between the other two (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 2.1-2.2). Pathological and immature defenses were associated with younger age, having been never married, lower educational attainment, and lower income. After adjusting the crude results for age and sex, individuals who did not endorse a given defense generally had higher scores on the mental health component of the SF-12 than those who endorsed the defense without self-recognized impairment who, in turn, had on average higher scores than those with self-recognized impairment. These results suggest that neurotic, immature, and pathological defense mechanisms are prevalent in the general population and associated with psychosocial impairment. Recognizing defense mechanisms may be important in clinical practice regardless of treatment modality., (© 2023. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Few studies have investigated changes in functional outcomes and economic burden in patients in the postacute care cerebrovascular disease (PAC-CVD) program. We, for the first time, retrospectively investigated changes in functional performance and the national health insurance (NHI) cost over 12 PAC-CVD hospitalization weeks and evaluated the therapeutic effects of the PAC-CVD program on the NHI cost. Specifically, the functional outcomes and NHI cost of 263 stroke patients in the PAC-CVD program were analyzed. The repeated measures t test was used to compare functional performance over 0-3 weeks, and a one-way repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare functional performance and NHI costs during weeks 0-6 and 0-9. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare functional performance over weeks 9-12. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to estimate the effects of functional performance on NHI costs during weeks 3, 6, and 9. Over weeks 0-12, all functional performance measures demonstrated significant improvements. Changes in NHI costs varied depending on whether hospitalization was extended. At any time point, functional performance did not have a significant impact on NHI cost. Therefore, the PAC-CVD program may aid patients with stroke in sustainably regaining functional performance and effectively controlling economic burden.

The histone lysine demethylase 5 (KDM5) family proteins are Fe 2+ and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, with jumonji C (JmjC) domain as their catalytic core and several plant homeodomains (PHDs) to bind different histone methylation marks. These enzymes are capable of demethylating tri-, di- and mono-methylated lysine 4 in histone H3 (H3K4me3/2/1), the key epigenetic marks for active chromatin. Thus, this H3K4 demethylase family plays critical roles in cell fate determination during development as well as malignant transformation. KDM5 demethylases have both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions in a cancer type-dependent manner. In solid tumors, KDM5A/B are generally oncogenic, whereas KDM5C/D have tumor suppressive roles. Their involvement in de-differentiation, cancer metastasis, drug resistance, and tumor immunoevasion indicated that KDM5 family proteins are promising drug targets for cancer therapy. Significant efforts from both academia and industry have led to the development of potent and selective KDM5 inhibitors for preclinical experiments and phase I clinical trials. However, a better understanding of the roles of KDM5 demethylases in different physiological and pathological conditions is critical for further developing KDM5 modulators for clinical applications., (© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

The COVID-19 pandemic remains ever prevalent and afflicting-partially because one of its transmission pathways is aerosol. With the widely used central air conditioning systems worldwide, indoor virus aerosols can rapidly migrate, thus resulting in rapid infection transmission. It is therefore important to install microbial aerosol treatment units in the air conditioning systems, and we herein investigated the possibility of combining such filtration with UV irradiation to address virus aerosols. Results showed that the removal efficiency of filtration towards f2 and MS2 phages depended on the type of commercial filter material and the filtration speed, with an optimal velocity of 5 cm/s for virus removal. Additionally, it was found that UV irradiation had a significant effect on inactivating viruses enriched on the surfaces of filter materials; MS2 phages had greater resistance to UV-C irradiation than f2 phages. The optimal inactivation time for UV-C irradiation was 30 min, with higher irradiation times presenting no substantial increase in inactivation rate. Moreover, excessive virus enrichment on the filters decreased the inactivation effect. Timely inactivation is therefore recommended. In general, the combined system involving filtration with UV-C irradiation demonstrated a significant removal effect on virus aerosols. Moreover, the system is simple and economical, making it convenient for widespread implementation in air-conditioning systems., (© Higher Education Press 2023.)

Objectives: To explore the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and sex and age in the adolescent dentition., Methods: Multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) was used to measure the height of alveolar bone resorption at labial, lingual, mesial and distal sites of teeth in 149 adolescents aged from 10 to 20 years. SPSS 25.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and sex and age., Results: There was no significant difference in the height of alveolar bone resorption between sex ( P >0.05). The height of alveolar bone resorption was positively correlated with age in all types of teeth. The model constructed by combining the alveolar bone resorption height data of four sites ( y= 2 . 569 x 1 + 3 . 106 x 2 + 4 . 108 x 3 + 1 . 451 x 4 - 0 . 082, R 2 max = 0.756)had a better ability to infer age than that of combining two sites ( y= 5 . 942 x 1 + 4 . 489 x 2 + 0 . 612, R 2 max = 0.706) and a single site ( R 2 max = 0.638)., Conclusions: The height of alveolar bone resorption is positively correlated with the age of adolescents. The combination of four sites has a stronger ability to infer the relationship between the height of alveolar bone resorption and age in adolescents and has higher accuracy in practical application.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that a link existed between vitamin D levels in the first trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)., Methods: The 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels were tested in the first trimester and pregnant outcomes were followed up in 1726 women., Results: Only 5.9% of pregnant women have sufficient 25(OH)D 3 . More women with GDM are in the status of 25(OH)D 3 insufficiency than women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (p < 0.05). Age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.047, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.014-1.081), pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.132, 95%CI: 1.092-1.173) were risk factors of GDM while 25-(OH) D 3 (OR: 0.979, 95%CI: 0.960-0.999) was a protective factor. After adjusted for maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI, 25(OH)D 3 insufficiency (<30 ng/mL) is an independent predictor of GDM (OR: 2.122, 95%CI: 1.084-4.155); 25(OH)D 3 level correlated with fasting blood glucose in the first trimester negatively., Conclusion: Vitamin D insufficiency in early pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk for GDM in Chinese women., (© 2022 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

The relationship between autophagy and immunity has been well studied. However, little is known about the role of autophagy in the immune microenvironment during the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Therefore, this study aims to uncover the effect of autophagy on the immune microenvironment in the context of DCM. By investigating the autophagy gene expression differences between healthy donors and DCM samples, 23 dysregulated autophagy genes were identified. Using a series of bioinformatics methods, 13 DCM-related autophagy genes were screened and used to construct a risk prediction model, which can well distinguish DCM and healthy samples. Then, the connections between autophagy and immune responses including infiltrated immunocytes, immune reaction gene-sets and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes were systematically evaluated. In addition, two autophagy-mediated expression patterns in DCM were determined via the unsupervised consensus clustering analysis, and the immune characteristics of different patterns were revealed. In conclusion, our study revealed the strong effect of autophagy on the DCM immune microenvironment and provided new insights to understand the pathogenesis and treatment of DCM., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

In this study, we report two fiber optic-biolayer interferometry (FO-BLI)-based biosensors for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and binding antibodies (BAbs) in human serum. The use of signal enhancer 3,3'-diaminobenzidine enabled the detection of NAbs, anti-receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) BAbs, and anti-extracellular domain of spike protein (anti-S-ECD) BAbs up to as low as 10 ng/mL in both buffer and 100-fold diluted serum. NAbs and BAbs could be detected individually over 7.5 and 13 min, respectively, or simultaneously by prolonging the detection time of the former. The protocol for the detection of BAbs could be utilized for detection of the RBD-N501Y variant with equal sensitivity and speed. Results of the NAbs and the anti-RBD BAbs biosensors correlated well with those of the corresponding commercial assay kit. Clinical utility of the two FO-BLI biosensors were further validated using a small cohort of samples randomly taken from 16 enrolled healthy participants who received inactivated vaccines. Two potent serum antibodies were identified, which showed high neutralizing capacities toward RBD and pseudovirus. Overall, the rapid automated biosensors can be used for an individual sample measurement of NAbs and BAbs as well as for high-throughput analysis. The findings of this study would be useful in COVID-19 related studies in vaccine trials, research on dynamics of the immune response, and epidemiology studies., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

As a typical class of crystalline porous materials, metal-organic framework possesses unique features including versatile functionality, structural and compositional tunability. After being reduced to two-dimension, ultrathin metal-organic framework layers possess more external excellent properties favoring various technological applications. In this review article, the unique structural properties of the ultrathin metal-organic framework nanosheets benefiting from the planar topography were highlighted, involving light transmittance, and electrical conductivity. Moreover, the design strategy and versatile fabrication methodology were summarized covering discussions on their applicability and accessibility, especially for porphyritic metal-organic framework nanosheet. The current achievements in the bioapplications of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks were presented comprising biocatalysis, biosensor, and theranostic, with an emphasis on reactive oxygen species-based nanomedicine for oncology treatment. Furthermore, current challenges confronting the utilization of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks and future opportunities in emerging research frontiers were presented., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Backgrounds and Aims: Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) has been widely recommended for identifying the nutritional risk. However, the association between NRS-2002 and the prognosis of heart failure has not been fully addressed. This study aimed to explore the association of NRS-2002 with 1-year re-hospitalization and the length of initial hospital stay in heart failure patients., Methods: This retrospective study included 2,830 heart failure patients. The primary endpoint was 1-year re-hospitalization for heart failure. The secondary endpoint was the length of initial hospital stay. The Log-binomial regression analysis was performed to determine the association between NRS-2002 and re-hospitalization. The Cox regression model was fitted to estimate hazard of discharge. The cumulative incidence curves of discharge were plotted using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test was performed. Exploratory analysis was also conducted according to the classification of heart failure and the level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) fold-elevation., Results: Among 2,830 heart failure patients, the mean age was 64.3 years and 66.4% were male. A total of 122 (4.3%) patients were considered at high nutritional risk. Log-binomial regression analysis demonstrated that higher NRS-2002 score was an independent risk factor of re-hospitalization ([1 vs. 0]: relative risks [ RR ] = 1.383, 95% CI = 1.152 to 1.660; [2 vs. 0]: RR = 1.425, 95% CI = 1.108 to 1.832; [3-7 vs. 0]: RR = 1.770, 95% CI = 1.310 to 2.393). Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cumulative incidence of discharge was lower in high nutritional risk group (Log rank p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis also found that higher NRS-2002 score (2 or ≥3) was strongly associated with longer length of initial hospital stay ([2 vs. 0]: Hazard ratios [ HR ] = 0.854, 95% CI = 0.748 to 0.976; [3-7 vs. 0]: HR = 0.609, 95% CI = 0.503 to 0.737). Exploratory analysis showed that such association still remained irrespective of NT-proBNP fold-elevation, but only existed in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)., Conclusion: In patients with heart failure, high NRS-2002 score was strongly and independently associated with the incidence of 1-year re-hospitalization and the length of initial hospital stay., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Chen, Jiang, He, Li, Lin, Wang, Shang and Zhang.)

Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) contain valuable material resources and hazardous substances, thereby posing a challenge for sustainable resource recovery and environmental protection initiatives. Overcoming this challenge will require mapping the toxic footprint of WPCBs to specific materials and substances used in manufacturing electronic components (ECs). Therefore, this work collected 50 EC specimens from WPCBs in five ubiquitous consumer products, such as television, refrigerator, air conditioner, washing machine and computer. The work extracted and analyzed metal contents and used leachability assessments based on tests adopted by the regulatory policies from China and the United States. The work found that copper and iron are the most abundant constituents in ECs, with concentrations ranging 5.90-796.62 g/kg and 0-831.53 g/kg, respectively; whereas abundance of precious metal content is in the order of silver > gold > palladium > platinum, with silver concentration ranging 15-5290 mg/kg. The content of marginally-regulated toxic substance arsenic ranged 0-9700 mg/kg; whereas fully regulated toxic metals such as chromium, lead and mercury did not exceed the thresholds set by China and US standards. The work found new toxic threats from arsenic and selenium leached from 20 of 50 ECs exceeding regulatory standards. These results will aid manufacturers and recyclers in protecting workers' health and environmental quality from arsenic and selenium pollution, and should initiate discussion about regulating these toxic components as part of a comprehensive program to reduce the toxic footprint of electronic products., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purposes: This study discussed the accommodative response and pupil size of myopic adults using a double-mirror system (DMS). The viewing distance could be extended to 2.285 m by using a DMS, which resulted in a reduction and increase in the accommodative response and pupil size, respectively. By using a DMS, the reduction of the accommodative response could improve eye fatigue with near work. Method: Sixty subjects aged between 18 and 22 years old were recruited in this study, and the average age was 20.67 ± 1.09. There were two main steps in the experimental process. In the first step, we examined the subjects’ refraction state and visual function, and then fitted disposable contact lenses with a corresponding refractive error. In the second step, the subjects gazed at an object from a viewing distance of 0.4 m and at a virtual image through a DMS, respectively, and the accommodative response and pupil size were measured using an open field autorefractor. Results: When the subjects gazed at the object from a distance of 0.4 m, or gazed at the virtual image through a DMS, the mean value of the accommodative response was 1.74 ± 0.43 or 0.16 ± 0.47 D, and the pupil size was 3.98 ± 0.06 mm or 4.18 ± 0.58 mm, respectively. With an increase in the viewing distance from 0.4 m to 2.285 m, the accommodative response and pupil size were significantly reduced about 1.58 D and enlarged about 0.2 mm, respectively. For three asterisk targets of different sizes (1 cm × 1 cm, 2 cm × 2 cm, and 3 cm × 3 cm), the mean accommodative response and pupil size through the DMS was 0.19 ± 0.16, 0.27 ± 0.24, 0.26 ± 0.19 D; and 4.20 ± 1.02, 3.94 ± 0.73, 4.21 ± 0.57 mm, respectively. The changes of the accommodative response and pupil size were not significant with the size of the targets (p > 0.05). In the low or high myopia group, the accommodative response of 0.4 m and 2.285 m was 1.68 ± 0.42 D and 0.21 ± 0.48 D; and 1.88 ± 0.25 D and 0.05 ± 0.40 D, respectively. The accommodative response was significantly reduced by 1.47 D and 1.83 D for these two groups. The accommodative microfluctuations (AMFs) were stable when a DMS was used; on the contrary, the AMFs were unstable at a viewing distance of 0.4 m. Conclusions: In this study, the imaging through a DMS extended the viewing distance and enlarged the image, and resulted in a reduction in the accommodative response and an increase in the pupil size. For the low myopia group and the high myopia group, the accommodative response and pupil size were statistically significantly different before and after the use of the DMS. The reduction of the accommodative response could be applied for the improvement of asthenopia.

Aim: Currently, there is no optimal digestive tract reconstruction technique well recognized by scholars after distal gastrectomy. A new reconstruction method, which was modified from the classic Roux-en-Y procedure, the continuous jejunal pouch and residual stomach anastomosis combined with jejunal lateral anastomosis (Contin-L), was established. In order to fully clarify the superiority of this procedure, this study has conducted a systematic analysis and prepared a summary of the clinical data of patients who underwent distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer., Methods: From June 2013 to March 2016, we enrolled 198 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical D2 distal gastrectomy. According to the reconstruction methods, these patients were divided into three groups: Contin-L (n = 74), Billroth II (n = 59), and Roux-en-Y (n = 65) groups. The operation time for reconstruction, complications, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and the Visick grading were analyzed., Results: Regarding long-term complications, such as reflux gastritis, the Contin-L procedure showed significantly better results than Billroth II (p < 0.0001). Regarding the long-term postoperative nutritional status, such as the PNI and body weight recovery, the Contin-L procedure displayed significantly better results than Billroth II and Roux-en-Y (p < 0.05). Postoperative subjective feelings evaluated by Visick grading were significantly more improved in the Contin-L than in the Billroth II and Roux-en-Y groups (p ≤ 0.01)., Conclusions: The Contin-L procedure gave full play to the advantages of jejunal continuity, and pouch and lateral anastomoses, which significantly reduced short- and long-term complications, and improved the long-term patient quality of life following the surgical procedure.

Myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex process with intense inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. As a decoy receptor of IL-1β, Interleukin-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1R2) inhibits IL-1β signaling. However, its role in I/R injury remains unknown. Here we found that the serum levels of IL-1R2 were significantly increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) following interventional therapy. Similarly, after myocardial I/R surgery, IL-1R2 expression was significantly increased in heart of wild-type mice. In addition, IL-1R2-deficient mice heart showed enlarged infarct size, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis together with reduced cardiac systolic function. Following exposure to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R), neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) significantly increased IL-1R2 expression relying on NF-κB activation. Consistently, IL-1R2-deficient mice increased immune cells infiltrating into heart after surgery, which was relevant with cardiac damage. Additionally, IL-1R2 overexpression in cardiomyocyte protected cardiomyocyte against apoptosis through reducing the IL-17RA expression both in vivo and in vitro. Our results indicate that IL-1R2 protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis, which provides a therapeutic approach to turn down myocardial I/R injury., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: More and more evidence showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the development and progression of human sophisticated diseases. Therefore, predicting human lncRNA-disease associations is a challenging and urgently task in bioinformatics to research of human sophisticated diseases., Results: In the work, a global network-based computational framework called as LRWRHLDA were proposed which is a universal network-based method. Firstly, four isomorphic networks include lncRNA similarity network, disease similarity network, gene similarity network and miRNA similarity network were constructed. And then, six heterogeneous networks include known lncRNA-disease, lncRNA-gene, lncRNA-miRNA, disease-gene, disease-miRNA, and gene-miRNA associations network were applied to design a multi-layer network. Finally, the Laplace normalized random walk with restart algorithm in this global network is suggested to predict the relationship between lncRNAs and diseases., Conclusions: The ten-fold cross validation is used to evaluate the performance of LRWRHLDA. As a result, LRWRHLDA achieves an AUC of 0.98402, which is higher than other compared methods. Furthermore, LRWRHLDA can predict isolated disease-related lnRNA (isolated lnRNA related disease). The results for colorectal cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, stomach cancer and breast cancer have been verified by other researches. The case studies indicated that our method is effective., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Tumours use various strategies to evade immune surveillance 1,2 . Immunotherapies targeting tumour immune evasion such as immune checkpoint blockade have shown considerable efficacy on multiple cancers 3,4 but are ineffective for most patients due to primary or acquired resistance 5-7 . Recent studies showed that some epigenetic regulators suppress anti-tumour immunity 2,8-12 , suggesting that epigenetic therapies could boost anti-tumour immune responses and overcome resistance to current immunotherapies. Here we show that, in mouse melanoma models, depletion of KDM5B-an H3K4 demethylase that is critical for melanoma maintenance and drug resistance 13-15 -induces robust adaptive immune responses and enhances responses to immune checkpoint blockade. Mechanistically, KDM5B recruits the H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1 to repress endogenous retroelements such as MMVL30 in a demethylase-independent manner. Derepression of these retroelements activates cytosolic RNA-sensing and DNA-sensing pathways and the subsequent type-I interferon response, leading to tumour rejection and induction of immune memory. Our results demonstrate that KDM5B suppresses anti-tumour immunity by epigenetic silencing of retroelements. We therefore reveal roles of KDM5B in heterochromatin regulation and immune evasion in melanoma, opening new paths for the development of KDM5B-targeting and SETDB1-targeting therapies to enhance tumour immunogenicity and overcome immunotherapy resistance., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Purpose: This study first proposed the application of a double-mirror system (DMS) to extend viewing distance and investigate the accommodative response of schoolchildren under a DMS., Method: Fifty-seven subjects aged between 7 and 12 years old were recruited in this study, and the experiment was divided into two stages. The first stage consisted of a case history inquiry, a refraction state, and a visual function examination. In the second stage, the subjects gazed at an object at distances of 0.4 m, 2.285 m, and through a DMS, respectively, and their accommodative responses were measured using an open-field autorefractor., Results: There was no significant difference in the schoolchildren's accommodative response between subjects gazing at an object at 2.285 m (0.14 ± 0.35 D, p > 0.05) and those gazing at it through a DMS (0.20 ± 0.35 D). However, their accommodative response showed a significant difference between subjects gazing at an object at 0.4 m and 2.285 m and those gazing at it at 0.4 m and through a DMS., Conclusion: In this experiment, the results of the children's accommodative response measured at 2.285 m or through a DMS are very similar. The viewing distance can be extended by a DMS, resulting in accommodative relaxation. This result may have potential applications in myopia control.

Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) generated from human primary cells represent a promising vascular interventional therapy. However, generation and application of these TEVGs may be significantly hindered by the limited accessibility, finite expandability, donor-donor functional variation and immune-incompatibility of primary seed cells from donors. Alternatively, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer an infinite source to obtain functional vascular cells in large quantity and comparable quality for TEVG construction. To date, TEVGs (hiPSC-TEVGs) with significant mechanical strength and implantability have been generated using hiPSC-derived seed cells. Despite being in its incipient stage, this emerging field of hiPSC-TEVG research has achieved significant progress and presented promising future potential. Meanwhile, a series of challenges pertaining hiPSC differentiation, vascular tissue engineering technologies and future production and application await to be addressed. Herein, we have composed this review to introduce progress in TEVG generation using hiPSCs, summarize the current major challenges, and encapsulate the future directions of research on hiPSC-based TEVGs. Graphical abstract.

Most psychiatric disorders, when examined individually, are associated with a broad range of adverse outcomes. However, psychiatric disorders often co-occur and their co-occurrence is well explained by a limited number of transdiagnostic factors. Yet it remains unclear whether the risk of these adverse outcomes is due to specific psychiatric disorders, specific dimensions of psychopathology (i.e., internalizing and externalizing dimensions), a general psychopathology factor, or a combination of these explanations. In a large nationally representative prospective survey, the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), we used structural equation modeling to examine the shared and specific effects of common Axis I and Axis II disorders on the risk of ten adverse outcomes (unemployment; financial crisis; low income; poorer general health; worse mental and physical health; legal problems; divorce; problems with a neighbor, friend, or relative; and violence) in the general adult population. Effects of psychiatric disorders were exerted mostly through a general psychopathology factor representing the shared effect across all disorders, independent of sociodemographic characteristics and the presence of the adverse outcomes at baseline. Violence and legal problems were further associated with the externalizing factor, but there were no independent associations of the internalizing factor or any individual psychiatric disorders with any of the adverse outcomes. Our findings reveal that associations between psychiatric disorders and adverse outcomes occur through broad psychological dimensions. Understanding the biological and psychological mechanisms underlying these dimensions should yield key intervention targets to decrease the individual suffering and societal burden associated with common psychiatric disorders.

The expansion of Xi'an City has caused the consumption of energy and land resources, leading to serious environmental pollution problems. For this purpose, this study was carried out to measure the carbon carrying capacity, net carbon footprint and net carbon footprint pressure index of Xi'an City, and to characterize the carbon sequestration capacity of Xi'an ecosystem, thereby laying a foundation for developing comprehensive and reasonable low-carbon development measures. This study expects to provide a reference for China to develop a low-carbon economy through Tapio decoupling principle. The decoupling relationship between CO 2 and driving factors was explored through Tapio decoupling model. The time-series data was used to calculate the carbon footprint. The auto-encoder in deep learning technology was combined with the parallel algorithm in cloud computing. A general multilayer perceptron neural network realized by a parallel BP learning algorithm was proposed based on Map-Reduce on a cloud computing cluster. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model was constructed to analyze driving factors. The results show that in terms of city size, the variable importance in projection (VIP) output of the urbanization rate has a strong inhibitory effect on carbon footprint growth, and the VIP value of permanent population ranks the last; in terms of economic development, the impact of fixed asset investment and added value of the secondary industry on carbon footprint ranks third and fourth. As a result, the marginal effect of carbon footprint is greater than that of economic growth after economic growth reaches a certain stage, revealing that the driving forces and mechanisms can promote the growth of urban space.

Purpose and Objective: There is growing evidence that adolescents with ADHD develop long-term impairments and adverse outcomes, yet less is known about their adverse behaviors. To quantify rates of mental health comorbidities in adolescents with ADHD and compare the risks of adverse behaviors among adolescents with and without ADHD., Methods: We performed a cohort analysis of 6,483 youth from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), a nationally representative in-person structured diagnostic interview of adolescents aged 14-18 years focusing on mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders., Main Outcomes: (1) Percentages with comorbid anxiety, mood, disruptive behavior, and substance use disorders. (2) Strength of associations of ADHD with several adverse behaviors, including suicidal symptoms, aggression, behavior regulation, life events, education, and substance use. Odds ratios were adjusted for age, sex, and race., Results: Among the sample of 6,483 adolescents, overall, 9.5% met the criteria for ADHD. Most (69.5%) of adolescents with ADHD had at least one comorbid mental health condition. As compared to adolescents without ADHD, those with ADHD were significantly more likely to have had a suicide attempt (aOR 2.9, 95% CI = 1.3-6.6) and to have had perpetrated physical aggression (aOR 2.3, 95% CI = 1.7-3.2). Adolescents with ADHD were also more likely to have been expelled from school or fired from a job (aOR 3.3, 95% CI = 1.7-6.5) and to have had problems related to drinking alcohol (95% CI = 1.2-2.9)., Conclusions: ADHD in adolescents is a complicated disorder with elevated risks for a wide range of adverse behaviors., (Copyright © 2020 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The earliest atmospheres of rocky planets originate from extensive volatile release during magma ocean epochs that occur during assembly of the planet. These establish the initial distribution of the major volatile elements between different chemical reservoirs that subsequently evolve via geological cycles. Current theoretical techniques are limited in exploring the anticipated range of compositional and thermal scenarios of early planetary evolution, even though these are of prime importance to aid astronomical inferences on the environmental context and geological history of extrasolar planets. Here, we present a coupled numerical framework that links an evolutionary, vertically resolved model of the planetary silicate mantle with a radiative-convective model of the atmosphere. Using this method, we investigate the early evolution of idealized Earth-sized rocky planets with end-member, clear-sky atmospheres dominated by either H 2 , H 2 O, CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, O 2 , or N 2 . We find central metrics of early planetary evolution, such as energy gradient, sequence of mantle solidification, surface pressure, or vertical stratification of the atmosphere, to be intimately controlled by the dominant volatile and outgassing history of the planet. Thermal sequences fall into three general classes with increasing cooling timescale: CO, N 2 , and O 2 with minimal effect, H 2 O, CO 2 , and CH 4 with intermediate influence, and H 2 with several orders of magnitude increase in solidification time and atmosphere vertical stratification. Our numerical experiments exemplify the capabilities of the presented modeling framework and link the interior and atmospheric evolution of rocky exoplanets with multiwavelength astronomical observations., (© 2021. The Authors.)