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Magnetite and gallium substituted cuboferrites with a composition of Ga x Fe 3-x O 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.4) were fabricated by thermal decomposition from acetylacetonate salts. The effect of Ga 3+ cation substitution on the structural and thermomagnetic behavior of 4-12 nm sized core-shell particles was explored by X-ray and neutron diffraction, small angle neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and calorimetric measurements. Superparamagnetic (SPM) behavior and thermal capacity against increasing gallium concentration in nanoferrites were revealed. The highest heat capacity typical for Fe 3 O 4 @Ga 0.6 Fe 2.4 O 4 and Ga 0.6 Fe 2.4 O 4 @Fe 3 O 4 is accompanied by a slight stimulation of fibroblast culture growth and inhibition of HeLa cell growth. The observed effect is concentration dependent in the range of 0.01-0.1 mg/mL and particles of Ga 0.6 Fe 2.4 O 4 @Fe 3 O 4 design have a greater effect on cells. Observed magnetic heat properties, as well as interactions with tumor and healthy cells, provide a basis for further biomedical research to use the proposed nanoparticle systems in cancer thermotherapy (magnetic hyperthermia).

This paper refers to research based on tests completed on the adsorption of heavy metal ions (Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ ) from selected natural liquid samples such as apple, tomato, and potato juices using surface-functionalized Mn ferrite nanoparticles (Mn 0.2 Fe 2.8 O 4 ). To determine the most efficient adsorption conditions of these heavy metals, the nanoparticles' surfaces were modified with five different ligands (phthalic anhydride, succinic anhydride, acetic anhydride, 3-phosphonopropionic acid, and 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid). To evaluate the success of the adsorption process, the resultant liquid samples were examined for the amount of residuals using the flame atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The Mn ferrite particles selected for these tests were first characterized physicochemically by the following methods: transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy.

In the presented paper, studies of magnetite nanoparticle stability in selected environmental solutions are reported. The durability tests were performed in four types of liquids: treated and untreated wastewater, river water, and commercial milk (0.5% fat). Nanoparticles before and after deposition in the testing conditions were measured by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The amount of Fe atoms transferred into the solutions was estimated on the basis of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The analysis of the obtained results shows good stability of the tested nanoparticles in all water solutions. They do not change their structure or magnetic properties significantly, which makes them a good candidate to be used as, for example, detectors of specific compounds or heavy metals. On the other hand, studies show that particles are stable in environmental conditions for a long period of time in an unchanged form, which can cause their accumulation; therefore, they may be hazardous to living organisms.

In this paper, a series of experiments are reported where ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized with different substitution percentages (5, 10, 15, or 20%) of Fe 2+ by Co 2+ , Mn 2+ , or Ni 2+ ions. Afterwards, the prepared nanoparticles were thermally treated between 50 and 500 °C in air for 24 h in order to observe how doping influences the oxidation process induced by temperature elevation and access to O 2 . Nanoparticles were imaged before and after thermal treatment by transmission electron microscopy and were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Presented studies reveal that the amount and kind of doped transition metals (of replaced Fe 2+ ) strongly affect the oxidation process of ferrite nanoparticles, which can govern the application possibility. Each transition element suppresses the oxidation process in comparison to pure Fe-oxides, with the highest impact seen with Ni 2+ .

This study shows the influence of selected nonstandard surfactants on the growth and properties of magnetite nanoparticles. Particles were obtained using thermally decomposed iron (III) acetylacetonate in an organic environment. For synthesis, three different concentrations (4, 8, and 16 mmol) of tested surfactants were used. Five types of each long-chain carboxylic acid and amines were selected for stabilization of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were tested by conventional room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy with and without external magnetic field. TEM images clearly showed that application of tertiary amines causes the nanoparticles to form nanoflowers, in contrast to other compounds, which do not show such growth. Influence of surfactant amount on growth regime depends on the nature of the substances. Mössbauer spectroscopy confirms differences in magnetic core composition as a result of the surfactant amount present in synthetic procedure.

In this work, we analyze artificial heavy-metal solutions with ferrite nanoparticles. Measurements of adsorption effectiveness of different kinds of particles, pure magnetite or magnetite doped with calcium, cobalt, manganese, or nickel ions, were carried out. A dependence of the adsorption efficiency on the composition of the inorganic core has been observed. Ferrites surfaces were modified by phthalic anhydride (PA), succinic anhydride (SA), acetic anhydride (AA), 3-phosphonopropionic acid (3-PPA), or 16-phosphohexadecanoic acid (16-PHDA) to compare the adsorption capability of the heavy metals Cd, Cu and Pb. The obtained nanoparticles were structurally characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The amounts of Cd, Cu and Pb were measured out by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) as comparative techniques. The performed study shows that SA linker appears to be the most effective in the adsorption of heavy metals. Moreover, regarding the influence of the composition of the inorganic core on the detection ability, the most effective ferrite Mn 0.5 Fe 2.5 O 4 was selected for discussion. The highest heavy-metal adsorption capability and universality was observed for SA as a surface modifier.

Ferrite nanoparticles with nominal composition Me 0.5 Fe 2.5 O 4 (Me = Co, Fe, Ni or Mn) have been successfully prepared by the wet chemical method. The obtained particles have a mean diameter of 11-16 ± 2 nm and were modified to improve their magnetic properties and chemical activity. The surface of the pristine nanoparticles was functionalized afterwards with -COOH and -NH 2 groups to obtain a bioactive layer. To achieve our goal, two different modification approaches were realized. In the first one, glutaraldehyde was attached to the nanoparticles as a linker. In the second one, direct bonding of such nanoparticles with a bioparticle was studied. In subsequent steps, the nanoparticles were immobilized with enzymes such as albumin, glucose oxidase, lipase and trypsin as a test bioparticles. The characterization of the nanoparticles was acheived by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The effect of the obtained biocomposites was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results show that in some cases the use of glutaraldehyde was crucial (albumin).

Investigation of mesoscopically phase-separated Rb 0.85 Fe 1.9 Se 2 single crystals has been performed and two iron sites: nonmagnetic and magnetic ones, were observed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The softening of the nonmagnetic one, having clearly more soft dynamics, was found to be gained further by the annealing of the single crystals at phase separation temperature, T p , leading to the reduction of size of initially separated domains and their more homogenous distribution in the tetragonal matrix of the studied sample. The magnetic Fe sites of Rb 0.85 Fe 1.9 Se 2 show strong magnetic texture, indicating the perpendicular to the ab-plane orientation of the iron magnetic moments. It was found that the annealing at T p causes a systematic decrease of the isomer shift of the doublet by 0.02(1) mm s -1 .

One of the most popular nuclear probes, 57 Fe is used for the investigation of orientations of hyperfine fields and also for the determination of other important properties. In particular, the orientation of iron magnetic moments can be unambiguously determined, including its signs. Experiments with polarized radiation are presented with regard to selected systems. Orientation of electric field gradient is used for acquiring information about the shape of the texture-free spectra. Applications on the analysis of iron-based superconductors are presented., (Published by Elsevier B.V.)

In the paper, we present three different types of magnetite nanoparticles which were prepared from co-percipitation of iron (II) and (III) chlorides in aqueous solution with and without SiO2 and from thermal decomposition of iron (III) acetylacetonate in nonaqeous solutions. The obtained core-shell nanoparticles were tested in respect of their stability in distilled water, 10% acetic acid, 0.01 M citric acid, 0.9% NaCl and commercial white wine (12% of alcohol). Changes of the nanoparticles were examined by infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry methods. Modification of magnetic properties was measured by Mössbauer spectroscopy., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In this work magnetite nanoparticles covered by gold and silver shell were obtained. Analyzed particles were modified by two kinds of organophosphorous compounds: 3-phosphonopropionic acid and 16-phosphonohexadecanoic acid. Enzyme immobilization on particles modified in such a way was tested. The crystal structure of obtained nanoparticles was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Possible changes on the surfaces were analyzed by the use of infrared spectroscopy. Magnetic properties were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

X-ray absorption, Mössbauer, and Raman spectroscopy were combined to determine the local environment of iron ions in acetone based solutions of FeCl2. It is shown that part of the Fe(II) ions change their oxidation state, accompanied by symmetry change from octahedral Fe(H2O)6(2+) to tetrahedral [FeCl4](-) at large acetone concentrations. The ratio of Fe(II)/Fe(III) determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy agrees well with that determined by the X-ray absorption studies. Raman measurements confirm quantitative estimations of [FeCl4](-) species in acetone rich solutions.

Determination of the Mössbauer absorption cross section, σ(E), and accurate reconstruction of the hyperfine field distributions of the invar alloy, Fe(64)Ni(36), by the maximum entropy method (MEM) is presented. The procedure consists of three steps: deconvolution of the Mössbauer spectra with the instrumental resolution function using MEM, nonlinear transformation of the deconvoluted spectrum into σ(E), and reconstruction of the hyperfine field distribution. In order to test the procedure of the deconvolution and correction for thickness effect, several simulated spectra with thickness parameter 1 < t < 50 and different values of Lorentzian FWHM of the source and absorber were analyzed. It is shown that the procedure of the deconvolution and extraction of σ(E) works well for spectra whose lines contain at least five experimental points per FWHM. Reconstructed distributions of hyperfine field parameters, based on the extracted Mössbauer cross section of the Fe-Ni invar alloy, measured with and without application of an external magnetic field, are discussed. The reconstruction has been made to test the earlier postulated non-collinear ferromagnetic state of invar without referring to any specific model in the analysis of the Mössbauer results. It is shown that marginal probability distribution of hyperfine magnetic field consists of the main maximum at about 28 T and a broad tail extending down to 5 T. Observed isomer shift of the main maximum is small and positive. The isomer shift decreases with magnetic field and attains negative values at the lowest fields. It is shown that the magnetic texture parameter does not depend on the hyperfine magnetic field. One thus concludes that in the invar Ni-Fe alloys, in contrast to some theoretical predictions, there is no evidence for different arrangements of the iron magnetic moments as a function of the magnetic hyperfine field.