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Purpose: Many different techniques, including multimodal analgesia, have been used for the management of postoperative pain after Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Ketorolac, intravenous (IV) paracetamol, rofecoxib, and IV ibuprofen have been used as a part of a multimodal analgesic approach in different surgical procedures. However, the efficacy of IV ibuprofen has not been well elucidated in adult patients undergoing elective PCNL. The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of IV ibuprofen compared to IV paracetamol after elective PCNL., Design: This was a prospective randomized clinic study., Methods: The study was conducted with 50 patients scheduled for PNCL between the ages of 18 and 65. IV ibuprofen 800 mg infusion was used for Group I, and 1 g IV paracetamol infusion Group P. IV tramadol infusion was administered with a Patient Controlled Analgesia device for postoperative analgesia. The primary outcome was 24-hour tramadol consumption. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity and side effects of the drugs. All outcomes were recorded in the 30th minute in the PACU and in 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours postoperatively., Findings: Total postoperative tramadol consumption was significantly lower in Group I compared with Group P (P = .031). There was also a significant decrease in the cumulative tramadol consumption between the two groups in the 2nd and 24th hours (P < .012). In all measurement periods, pain intensity, sedation score, nausea and vomiting, itching, additional analgesia, and satisfaction with pain management were similar between the two groups., Conclusion: IV ibuprofen, used as a part of multimodal tramadol-based analgesia reduced tramadol consumption compared with IV paracetamol in the first 24 hours postoperatively after elective PCNL. The IV ibuprofen-tramadol combination seems appeared superior to a paracetamol-tramadol combination., (Copyright © 2021 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Kidney transplant is a last resort to increase the life expectancy and quality of life in patients with renal failure. Aortic dissection is a disease that requires emergency intervention; it is characterized by sudden life-threatening back or abdominal pain. In the case described, constant chest pain that increased with respiration was present on examination of a 28-year-old man (85 kg, 173 cm) who presented at our emergency department complaining of severe back pain. He had undergone a kidney transplant in 2004 from his mother (live donor). He was diagnosed with acute Type II aortic dissection and was scheduled for emergent surgery. Because there were no surgical or anesthetic complications, the patient with 79 and 89 minutes aortic cross-clamping and cardiopulmonary bypass durations was sent, intubated, to intensive care unit. When nephrotoxic agents are avoided and blood flow is stabilized, cardiovascular surgery with cardio-pulmonary bypass may be performed seamlessly in patients who have undergone a kidney transplant.

Diaphragma and pericardium rupture is rarely seen after blunt trauma. It's treatment is surgery. A 4-year-old male patient who was operated for diaphragm and pericardium rupture which developed after blunt trauma; rarity of this union, differences in the clinical and radiological features in children was examined.

Objectives: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) means poor prognosis in the majority of cases. Intrapleural Hyperthermic perfusion chemotherapy (HIPEC) looks promising approach for these patients. We aimed to investigate whether cytoreductive surgery followed by HIPEC provides any survival benefit in cases with metastatic MPEs., Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2011, 19 patients with metastatic MPEs were treated with HIPEC following surgical interventions such as pleurectomy/decortication and/or lung resection (group 1). Comparison was done with historical control groups consisted of patients who received either talc pleurodesis or pleurectomy/decortication followed by systemic treatment for the management of metastatic MPEs between June 2007 and June 2008 (group 2 and 3). Statistical analyses including overall survival, disease free interval were done for the group comparisons., Results: Median survival in group 1, 2 and 3 were 15.4, 6, 8 months, respectively. One year survival was 54.7% in group 1 where it was 0.6% and 0.8% in group 2 and 3, respectively. There was no operative mortality. Morbidity was occurred in 1 patient in group 1 (5.3%)., Conclusions: HIPEC combined with cytoreductive surgery seems to be a promising treatment option for subjects with metastatic MPEs. Further studies are needed for the optimization of HIPEC method, drug of choice, and the best combination therapy for the multimodal treatment., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: We present 11 cases with esophageal perforations who were treated in our department, with the intent of underlining the importance of surgical intervention., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 11 cases of esophageal perforation who were treated from 2005 to 2010. The cases diagnosed within the first 24 hours were regarded as early diagnoses; those diagnosed later than this period were regarded as late diagnoses., Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.8 years. Following the perforation, 3 of the patients had early diagnoses and the others had late diagnoses. Of the 3 cases with early diagnosis, all had primary repair; of the late diagnosis cases, 4 had primary repair, 2 had colonic interposition, 1 had stent implantation, and 1 received medical treatment. All the cases with late diagnoses underwent drainage. The 3 cases who received early treatment recovered without complications. Of the other 8 cases, 1 had leakage from the anastomosis and 1 developed a fistula. Two (18.1%) of our patients died., Conclusion: Treatments performed before the development of mediastinitis are lifesaving in esophageal perforation patients. We think that surgical treatment performed within the first 72 hours that includes primary repair would yield favorable results.

Background and Purpose: Distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms, also called pericallosal or A2 aneurysms, are rare and comprise about 1.5 to 9% of all intracranial aneurysms. In this study, a series of 10 patients with DACA aneurysms who were surgically treated in our clinic is presented and discussed, focusing on their clinical features and sur-gical outcomes., Material and Methods: A total of 344 patients with cerebral aneurysms were operated on in our clinic and 10 patients (2.9%) with DACA aneurysms were studied retrospectively. All patients underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan followed by four-vessel digital subtraction angiography (DSA)., Results: Initial CT revealed intracerebral haematoma (ICH) in 7 patients (70%) and in 2 of them the haematoma was over 3 cm in diameter. The pericallosal-callosomarginal bifurcation was the most common location in 9 patients (90%). Four cases (40%) showed multiple aneurysms. The mean waiting time for the operation was 4.8 days. Surgical clipping was performed in all the cases. Multiple aneurysms required two different craniotomies in the same session. The patients with ICH over 3 cm in diameter, in addition to poor preoperative grade, are likely to have a poor outcome, and so clinical grade is the definite factor affecting the surgical outcome of patients., Conclusions: DACA aneurysms are usually small and bleeding occurs irrespective of their size because of the lack of resistant arachnoid membranes at the level of the pericallosal cisterns. All DACA aneurysms, even if very small in size or discovered incidentally, should be aggressively treated because of the high tendency to rupture.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) combined with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the staging of lung cancer. Twenty-five patients having lymphadenopathies greater than 1 cm on thorax CT and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) ≥ 2.5 on PET/CT were included in this prospective study performed between March 2006 and March 2008. Forty-three lymphnode stations were sampled by using TBNA. Surgical histology, as confirmed by mediastinoscopy, was accepted as the "gold standard". The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of combined TBNA and PET/CT for correct lymph node staging were 67%, 100%, 100%, 76% and 84%; respectively. The initial clinical staging was downstaged after TBNA in 13/19 (69%) patients with adequate TBNA samples, whereas staging was correct in 17/19 (89%) patients assessed by combined TBNA and PET/CT. Staging was completed by TBNA, without mediastinoscopy, in 6/25 (24%) patients. Among the clinical factors that were assessed, only the PET SUVmax was associated with positive TBNA results [odds ratio (OR) 1.27, 95% CI 1.004-1.61, p= 0.046]. A PET SUVmax ≥ 5 was eleven times more likely in patients with positive TBNA results [OR 10.68, 95% CI 1.91-59.62, p< 0.01]. In conclusion, the combination of TBNA with PET/CT increased the sensitivity of TBNA. Combined TBNA and PET/CT may also allow adequate mediastinal staging of lung cancer in most patients with enlarged lymph nodes, and reduce the need for mediastinoscopy. The SUVmax cut off point for a positive TBNA result was ≥ 5.

Introduction: We performed video-thoracoscopy with a video-mediastinoscope to conduct a mediastinal lymph node biopsy. Here, we discuss the various advantages of the method., Case Presentation: A 56-year-old Turkish Caucasian man had been complaining of dyspnea on exertion, hacking cough, fever and continuous sweating for one and a half months. Thoracic computed tomography revealed enlarged paratracheal and aorticopulmonary lymph nodes, the largest of which was 1 cm in diameter and reticulo-micronodular interstitial infiltration extending symmetrically to the pleural surfaces in both pulmonary perihilar areas. Computed tomography supported positron emission tomography showed increased fluorodeoxyglucose retention in lymph nodes in both hilar areas (10R and 10L) (maximum standardized uptake values 5.6 and 5.7), and in the right lower paratracheal (4R) (maximum standardized uptake value 4.1) and right para-esophageal (8) (maximum standardized uptake value 8.9) lymph nodes. Pathological examination of the right lymph node number 8 biopsy using the video-mediastinoscope revealed the presence of granulomatous inflammation. No problems were observed during the postoperative period., Conclusion: The use of the video-mediastinoscope for inferior lymph node biopsy in thoracoscopy is an easy, safe and practical method, especially in patients with pleural adhesions.