1. Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys.
- Author
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Ramírez Varela A, Hallal PC, Mejía Grueso J, Pedišić Ž, Salvo D, Nguyen A, Klepac B, Bauman A, Siefken K, Hinckson E, Oyeyemi AL, Richards J, Salih Khidir ED, Inoue S, Amagasa S, Jauregui A, da Silva MC, Lee IM, Ding M, Kohl HW, Ekelund U, Heath GW, Powell KE, Foster C, Memon AR, Doumbia A, Rather AR, Razzaque A, Diouf A, Hino AA, Damasceno A, Abebe AD, Florindo AA, Mannocci A, Aringazina A, Juričan AB, Poffet A, Decelis A, Carlin A, Enescu A, Ochoa Avilés AM, Kontsevaya A, Somhegyi A, Vuillemin A, El Hamdouchi A, Théodore AA, Masanovic B, Lynch BM, Medina C, Del Campo C, Abdeta C, Moreways C, Ranasinghe C, Howitt C, Cameron C, Jurakić D, Martinez-Gomez D, Tladi D, Diro DT, Adlakha D, Mitić D, Bjelica D, Biernat E, Chisati EM, Lambert EV, Cerin E, Lee EY, Riso EM, Cañete Villalba F, Assah F, Lovrić F, Araya-Vargas GA, La Torre G, Cruz GIN, Baltaci G, Al Sabbah H, Nalecz H, Nashandi HL, Park H, Revuelta-Sánchez I, Nusurupia JJ, Zamora JL, Kopcakova J, Brazo-Sayavera J, Oppert JM, Nie J, Spence JC, Bradley JS, Mota J, Mitáš J, Chen J, Hylton KS, Fromel K, Milton K, Borodulin K, Moustapha KA, Martinez-Folgar K, Nasreddine L, Christiansen LB, Malisoux L, Malete L, Grepo-Jalao LC, Monteiro LZ, Al Subhi LK, Dakskobler M, Alnaji M, Garro MC, Hagströmer M, Murphy MH, Mclaughlin M, Rivera-Morales M, Scheinowitz M, Shkodra M, Piątkowska M, Chaudhury M, Alrashdi NZ, Mutrie N, Murphy N, Ahmad NH, Obeidat NA, Gómez NYR, Liangruenrom N, Arnesto OD, Flores-Flores O, Incarbone O, Chimeddamba O, Bovet P, Magalhães P, Jousilahti P, Katewongsa P, Gómez RAL, Shihab RA, Ocansey R, Veress R, Marine R, Carrizales-Ramos R, Saeed SY, El-Ashker S, Green S, Kasoma S, Beretervide S, Baldew SS, Nichols S, Khoo S, Hosseini SA, Goenka S, Gholamalishahi S, Kosen S, Compernolle S, Enescu SP, Popovic S, Paudel S, Andrade S, Titze S, Davidson T, Dusingizimana T, Dorner TE, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Huong TT, Sychareun V, Jarevska-Simovska V, Puloka VK, Onywera V, Wendel-Vos W, Dionyssiotis Y, and Pratt M
- Subjects
- Humans, Legal Epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Global Health, Exercise, Policy
- Abstract
Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries., Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys. Comprehensive searches were performed for each country to determine the level of development of their PA surveillance, policy, and research, and the findings were verified by the GoPA! Country Contacts. Trends were analyzed based on the data available for both survey years., Results: The global 5-year progress in all 3 indicators was modest, with most countries either improving or staying at the same level. PA surveillance, policy, and research improved or remained at a high level in 48.1%, 40.6%, and 42.1% of the countries, respectively. PA surveillance, policy, and research scores decreased or remained at a low level in 8.3%, 15.8%, and 28.6% of the countries, respectively. The highest capacity for PA promotion was found in Europe, the lowest in Africa and low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although a large percentage of the world's population benefit from at least some PA policy, surveillance, and research efforts in their countries, 49.6 million people are without PA surveillance, 629.4 million people are without PA policy, and 108.7 million live in countries without any PA research output. A total of 6.3 billion people or 88.2% of the world's population live in countries where PA promotion capacity should be significantly improved., Conclusion: Despite PA is essential for health, there are large inequalities between countries and world regions in their capacity to promote PA. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the inequalities and improve the global capacity for PA promotion.
- Published
- 2022
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