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In a context where incest is cited more and more often (testimonies, publications, books, reports), it is not always well understood in all its complexity. This article looks at a very specific dimension, namely the place of mothers in incest situations. We'll take a look at the clinical aspects of incest, the dynamics of the mother's role, and the key points to be aware of when dealing with child victims., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Coercive control is a process of violence in which one person acts in such a way as to subject the other to persistent controlling behavior. In the majority of cases, these are men, and the targets are their spouses and children. The psychotraumatic consequences are innumerable, and need to be understood before they can be identified and treated. The repercussions of coercive control are numerous, whether somatic, psychological, familial, social, professional or academic. This article describes the psychotraumatic consequences for both the victim and the children., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The intestinal epithelial barrier facilitates homeostatic host-microbiota interactions and immunological tolerance. However, mechanistic dissections of barrier dynamics following luminal stimulation pose a substantial challenge. Here, we describe an ex vivo intestinal permeability assay, X-IPA, for quantitative analysis of gut permeability dynamics at the whole-tissue level. We demonstrate that specific gut microbes and metabolites induce rapid, dose-dependent increases to gut permeability, thus providing a powerful approach for precise investigation of barrier functions., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Transgender people should be patients like any other. However, many testimonies describe how difficult, even painful, access to care is for them. Some health care providers react with incomprehension, rejection and discrimination, which can be perceived as violence towards transgender patients. A change in health policies and the implementation of training are fundamental to ending these inequalities in care., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Incest covers multiple situations that have in common family dynamics where the absolute prohibition to have sexual relations with one of its members is not respected. It is a fundamental taboo in our Western societies where the family is considered as a system structuring the relationships between individuals. How can we understand the family transactions that can lead to such situations? What do we know today about families where incest occurs? What is the place of each member of this family, whether he or she is an actor, a witness, or totally unaware of the facts? What happens to the victims of such acts? Here is an insight into these different questions based on our experience as psychotherapists and researchers., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The concept of care, of the patient and of illness has evolved over the course of history, changing at the same time as society. It is marked by the scientific, cultural and religious references of our country, which have led to a modification of the relationship with the patient, which can give rise to certain forms of violence. If violence seems to be inevitably intertwined with care, going back to the origins of the latter, to its individual and intersubjective stakes, and to the possible perspectives for limiting this violence, offers some elements of understanding., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

One aspect of white plans which is completely forgotten is their psychological impact on healthcare workers. Yet beyond the essential organisational aspect to be taken into account, the human dimension is equally important., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The plasticity of root development represents a key trait that enables plants to adapt to diverse environmental cues. The pattern of cell wall deposition, alongside other parameters, affects the extent, and direction of root growth. In this study, we report that FASCICLIN-LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEIN 18 (FLA18) plays a role during root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana . Using root-specific co-expression analysis, we identified FLA18 to be co-expressed with a sub-set of genes required for root elongation. FLA18 encodes for a putative extra-cellular arabinogalactan protein from the FLA -gene family. Two independent T-DNA insertion lines, named fla18-1 and fla18-2 , display short and swollen lateral roots (LRs) when grown on sensitizing condition of high-sucrose containing medium. Unlike fla4/salt overly sensitive 5 ( sos5 ), previously shown to display short and swollen primary root (PR) and LRs under these conditions, the PR of the fla18 mutants is slightly longer compared to the wild-type. Overexpression of the FLA18 CDS complemented the fla18 root phenotype. Genetic interaction between either of the fla18 alleles and sos5 reveals a more severe perturbation of anisotropic growth in both PR and LRs, as compared to the single mutants and the wild-type under restrictive conditions of high sucrose or high-salt containing medium. Additionally, under salt-stress conditions, fla18sos5 had a small, chlorotic shoot phenotype, that was not observed in any of the single mutants or the wild type. As previously shown for sos5 , the fla18-1 and fla18-1sos5 root-elongation phenotype is suppressed by abscisic acid (ABA) and display hypersensitivity to the ABA synthesis inhibitor, Fluridon. Last, similar to other cell wall mutants, fla18 root elongation is hypersensitive to the cellulose synthase inhibitor, Isoxaben. Altogether, the presented data assign a new role for FLA18 in the regulation of root elongation. Future studies of the unique vs. redundant roles of FLA proteins during root elongation is anticipated to shed a new light on the regulation of root architecture during plant adaptation to different growth conditions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Allelign Ashagre, Zaltzman, Idan-Molakandov, Romano, Tzfadia and Harpaz-Saad.)

Today's generation of children is confronted with a reality that their parents' generations did not know, that of the risk of terrorism. While mass attacks in recent months have given way to occasional attacks involving a single perpetrator and fewer victims, the risk remains omnipresent. Living with a permanent threat is not insignificant at an age where security in each other and in the future is fundamental to growing up serenely. How then can we best support children and adolescents in such a context?, (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Multiple factors are at play in a patient's care. One such factor, time, is a unique notion which establishes itself as a third party in the caregiver-patient relationship. Understanding the challenges involved makes it easier to appreciate how it can interfere in care and how to use it as a real resource in the patient's treatment., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: Epidermal necrolysis is a rare and severe cutaneous adverse reaction to drugs with long-term somatic consequences and potentially underrecognized psychological complications., Objectives: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a population of adults undergoing psychiatric evaluation., Methods: In this prospective study, we included adult patients admitted at the acute phase of SJS/TEN to our dermatology department from June 2009 to February 2013. The main objective was to assess the prevalence of PTSD at 6 months after the acute disease phase, defined by a PTSD Checklist score > 44. Secondary objectives were to investigate risk factors of PTSD in the medical history of patients and characteristics of the disease at the acute phase by the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire (PDEQ) and Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) and the degree of impairment on the Sheehan Disability Scale., Results: We initially included 32 of 80 patients admitted during the study period. At 6 months, seven of 30 still followed up had a PTSD Checklist score > 44, suggesting a PTSD prevalence of 23%; 23 (77%) patients had a hydroxyzine prescription at the acute phase. The main risk factors associated with PTSD at 6 months were psychological results at the acute phase., Conclusions: Despite frequent prescription of hydroxyzine at the acute phase, almost one-quarter of patients with SJS/TEN had PTSD at 6 months. A systematic psychiatric evaluation should be offered regularly for at least 1 year after the acute disease phase., (© 2018 British Association of Dermatologists.)

The mutilated body testifies to the physical and psychological metamorphosis which is imposed on the patient concerned and the caregiver. For the patient as well as the professionals around him or her, taking care of this body is not easy and requires full awareness of the challenges involved., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Since the terrorist threat has become part of daily life in France, two terms are systematically used in the public debate: radicalisation and deradicalisation. It is essential to understand exactly what these words encompass, and to know the legal framework associated with them, in order to limit all sorts of interpretations which serve to add to the confusion related to the current context., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Caregivers care for patients of all cultural and religious origins. However, the current context of terrorist threat raises specific questions due to the government's appeals to help spot radicalised patients or those in the process of becoming so. These fundamental questions are related to professional secrecy and the ethics of care., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The school is a living space for children and adolescents. It is therefore the ideal place to spot worrying changes of attitude such as those which indicate radicalisation. It is also here that the fundamental knowledge and values of our French society are passed on. In this respect, schools have a key role to play in preventing what could lead young people to radical indoctrination., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The death is a part of the everyday life of the emergency medical teams, but to announce the death and to take care in immediate of the saddened close relations rest a testing experience for which the professionals of the emergency care are not still prepared. Our comment aims from the experience of care of families, saddened in immediate and also recorded within the framework of a specialized consultation, to pass on what the saddened persons can feel during the intervention of the help and the confrontation in the death of their close. Our objective being to bring to the professionals of the tracks of reflection to limit the risks of survictimisation., (Copyright © 2012 Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

Immediate interventions with victims have increased over recent years. Such treatment requires specific clinical skills. The forms of intervention used with those affected (victims, witnesses, emergency response team) vary according to whether it involves individuals or a group of people.

Artists' view on the world and the way they convey it in their work provide avenues towards understanding the evolution of our societies, as well as the status of scientific knowledge. Reflection of an ophthalmologist and painter who has explored view and gaze through the production of visual arts.

The sibling relationship in the event of death. For adults and children, the death of a loved one is an unbearable loss. Although individual support is available for families, very little attention is paid to brothers and sisters. Yet, a grieving child is exposed not only on a personal level, but also, when brothers and sisters are involved, in terms of sibling dynamics.

Overall clinical pictures of post-traumatic experiences in pre-school children depend on several factors: developmental, environmental and socio-cultural. Knowledge of these clinical pictures and the early management of these children are essential for their development and for building their personality.

The diagnosis of an illness or a serious handicap is a traumatic event for the patient. Beyond the shock generated by the disease or the handicap, the conditions surrounding the announcement have a determining impact on the reactions of the patient and the course of care. The announcement of the diagnosis can reduce or reinforce the shock. This article analyses the psychological risks which underlie the announcement of a serious diagnosis. The traumatic impact of a serious diagnosis, the possible reactions of and the psychological consequences for the patient are described. Recommendations regarding an announcement plan are proposed. Finally, the possible follow-up for the patients as well as for the caretakers are discussed., (Copyright © 2010 Société nationale française de médecine interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

The importance of managing the family circle in the event of violent death has been underestimated for many years. Only the reanimation of these patients in vital distress has been defined clearly. The training and information of pre-hospital emergency staff in recent years has helped to make considerable headway in professional practices on this subject.

Children are regularly faced with traumatic events, whether these are disasters (tsunami, floods, earthquakes), accidents (transport, domestic) or intentional acts (war, ill treatment). The care provided for young Haitian children following the earthquake in January 2010 offers an insight into specific intervention methods, the treatment of post-traumatic disorders and the effects of trauma on those working with them.

Chronic diseminated candidiasis--mainly its hepatosplenic form- is one of the most characteristic invasive infection due to Candida in haematological patients. A case is presented of a 31 year old man admitted to the Clinical Department with acute mieloid leukosis M2, showing febrile neutropenia after induction and consolidation chemotherapy. Hepatoesplenic candidiasis was diagnosed and confirmed by computered axial tomography (CAT) and hepatic biopsy; amphotericin B followed by liposome encapsuled amphotericin B up to complete a total dose of 4 g was used for treatment. The patient was discharged waiting for bone marrow transplantation. Early suspicion of hepatosplenic candidiasis helps to select a rapid diagnosis method and an effective treatment.

Objective: To evaluate, in an elderly Portuguese population, the diagnostic capacities of the most popular treadmill stress test protocols., Design: Retrospective study of an elderly Portuguese population submitted to a stress test., Patients and Methods: A population of 45 patients (35 male), aged 65 or more years, consecutively submitted to a stress test. The average age of the group was 67.8 +/- 2.9 years. The three protocols (Bruce, Bruce Modified and Naughton) were comparatively studied in terms of the patients capacity to execute the protocol, capacity to obtain a maximum and a diagnostic stress test, and the complications of the stress test protocol., Main Results: The Bruce protocol was used in 19 patients, the Bruce Modified in 13 patients and the Naughton protocol in 13 patients. The three protocols did not lead to any complication. The Bruce protocol led to a larger increment in heart rate (p < 0.001) and to larger maximum rate pressure product (p < 0.05) than the Naughton one. The Bruce protocol obtained a larger number of diagnostic tests (p < 0.01) and a significantly lower number of inconclusive stress tests. The Naughton protocol led to a larger duration of the exercise tests and was not suitable for some of the elderly patients owing to the exhaustion of the protocol. The results obtained with the Bruce Modified protocol were among those of other two protocols., Conclusions: In the elderly, the stress tests are safe and useful in the diagnosis of exercise induced ischemia and in the stratification of cardiovascular risk. From the protocols studied, the Bruce protocol was the most adequate, globally speaking, for this group of patients. The Bruce protocol presented a better diagnostic capacity with no complications related to the protocol.

Organs' procurement oblige to take care of a great number of brain death patients. This study concerns the psychological influence of such a situation on teams, nurses and physicians of this specific activity of harvesting. It took place in three organs' procurement intensive care units and interested sixty three men and women. These teams reveal the difficulty to live "the brain death", according to brain death patients themselves and their families, but also to transplantation: to work on brain death patients for the life of other patients. So it seem necessary to give a place at a psychologist in this specific intensive care units not for the patients, they are dead, but for the teams.

Human gingival crevicular exudate (GE) and leukocyte extracts (LE) were previously shown to be able to release the bulk of radioactivity from a variety of 14C-labeled oral bacteria. The present study demonstrates that the release of radiolabel by these enzymatic agents from two periodontopathic bacteria (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 and Capnocytophaga sputigena strain 4) is accompanied by both cell wall and cytoplasmatic damage. The possible role of bacterial products released by lysosomal enzymes, present in the gingival crevice, is discussed.

Phlebotomus papatasi is susceptible to Leishmania major which it transmits in nature, but is resistant to L. donovani. The present study compares the effect of L. major and L. donovani on the proteolytic activity of P. papatasi gut enzymes. The experiments measured digestion of C14-labeled globin by gut homogenates of flies. Homogenates were prepared from flies fed on serum only (controls) or from flies fed serum containing promastigotes or their dried culture overlayer. In other experiments, the promastigotes or dried culture overlayers were added in vitro to the gut homogenate of control flies. Proteolytic activity of gut homogenate from flies infected with L. major was about one-third less than that of controls, while that from flies infected with L. donovani was one-third greater. Ingestion of L. major dried culture overlayer had an effect on flies similar to that of the promastigotes, while L. donovani dried culture overlayer produced no significant effect. When added to gut homogenate in vitro, promastigotes of both species promoted proteolysis as did dried culture overlayer of L. major. Dried culture overlayer of L. donovani, however, had an opposite effect. It is suggested that the observed reduction in proteolytic activity caused by L. major infection may result from inhibition of enzyme production.