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Purpose: To present the functional results after a transanal proximal rectosigmoidectomy in patients with severe idiopathic constipation in which medical treatment has failed., Methods: Patients with severe idiopathic constipation who underwent transanal proximal rectosigmoidectomy (TPRS) at Children's Hospital Colorado between June 2019 and March 2024 were included in the study. We compared multiple pre- and post-operative outcome measures and the patient's bowel regimen before and after resection., Results: Fourteen patients underwent TPRS, 10 of whom were male. The average age at the time of surgery was 10.1 years (range 5-19). Seven patients have moderate to severe autism. Constipation-related clinic visits, family calls, procedural intervention, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations notably decreased frequency after TPRS. Laxative dosages and enema volume requirements were also reduced after surgery. Before surgery, all the patients suffered from daily fecal accidents, while post-operatively, all were completely free of stool accidents., Conclusion: In our experience, for patients who suffer from severe medically refractory idiopathic constipation, TPRS has provided improvement in their symptoms and decreased the complications inherent to this chronic disease. Parents and patients attest to a profound positive transformation in their quality of life after surgery., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Rectal prolapse is a distressing condition for patients and no consensus exists on optimal surgical management. We compared outcomes of two common perineal operations (Delorme's and Altemeier's) used in the treatment of rectal prolapse., Methods: A systematic search of multiple electronic databases was conducted. Peri- and post-operative outcomes following Delorme's and Altemeier's procedures were extracted. Primary outcomes included recurrence rate, anastomotic dehiscence rate and mortality rate. The secondary outcomes were total operative time, volume of blood loss, length of hospital stay and coloanal anastomotic stricture formation. Revman 5.3 was used to perform all statistical analysis., Results: Ten studies with 605 patients were selected; 286 underwent Altemeier's procedure (standalone), 39 had Altemeier's with plasty (perineoplasty or levatoroplasty), and 280 had Delorme's. Recurrence rate [OR: 0.66; 95% CI [0.44-0.99], P = 0.05] was significantly lower and anastomotic dehiscence [RD: 0.05; 95% CI [0.00-0.09], P = 0.03] was significantly higher in the Altemeier's group. However, sub group analysis of Altemeier's with plasty failed to show significant differences in these outcomes compared with the Delorme's procedure. Length of hospital stay was significantly more following an Altemeier's operation compared with Delorme's [MD: 3.05, 95% CI [0.95 - 5.51], P = 0.004]. No significant difference was found in total operative time, intra-operative blood loss, coloanal anastomotic stricture formation and mortality rates between the two approaches., Conclusions: A direct comparison of two common perineal procedures used in the treatment of rectal prolapse demonstrated that the Altemeier's approach was associated with better outcomes. Future, well-designed high quality RCTs with long-term follow up are needed to corroborate our findings., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Introduction Rectal prolapse is the complete protrusion of the rectum through the anal canal, incarceration rarely complicates rectal prolapse. Even more rarely, it becomes strangulated and gangrenous, necessitating emergency surgery. Case presentation We present the first reported case of strangulated acute rectal prolapse as the first manifestation of rectal prolapse. The patient was a 26-year-old man who presented with a 20×6 cm semi-spherical mass extra-anally. Rectosigmoidectomy with sacral rectopexy was performed, resecting 20 cm of the incarcerated rectum and sigmoid colon. The postoperative course was uneventful with a good final result after colostomy closure and continuity restoration. Conclusion The successful treatment of this patient illustrates the value of surgery in this difficult and unusual case scenario of rectal incarceration.

Full-thickness rectal prolapse is a painful and debilitating condition that often responds well to surgical intervention. The best method of surgical repair is a matter of debate. Historically, perineal approaches have been thought to have inferior outcomes and were therefore reserved for elderly and unfit patients. Despite recent data calling that into question, perineal approaches are still commonly performed and have their role. We present risks and benefits along with a description of perineal approaches for surgical treatment of rectal prolapse.

Background: To investigate the available data on the treatment of early colorectal cancer (CRC), either endoscopically or surgically., Methods: Two independent reviewers searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL COCHRANE, LILACS and EBSCO for articles published up to August 2015. No language or dates filters were applied. Inclusion criteria were studies with published data about patients with early colonic or rectal cancer undergoing either endoscopic resection (i.e., mucosectomy or submucosal dissection) or surgical resection (i.e., open or laparoscopic). Extracted data items undergoing meta-analysis were en bloc resection rate, curative resection rate, and complications. A complementary analysis was performed on procedure time. The risk of bias among studies was evaluated with funnel-plot expressions, and sensitivity analyses were carried out whenever a high heterogeneity was found. The risk of bias within studies was assessed with the Newcastle score., Results: A total of 12,819 articles were identified in the preliminary search. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, three cohort studies with a total of 768 patients undergoing endoscopic resection and 552 patients undergoing surgical resection were included. The en bloc resection rate risk difference was -11% [-13%, -8% confidence interval (CI)], demonstrating worse outcome results for the endoscopic resection group as compared to the surgical resection group [number need to harm (NNH) =10]. The curative resection rate risk difference was -9% [(-12%, 6% CI)] after a sensitivity analysis was performed, which also demonstrated worse outcomes in the intervention group (NNH =12). The complications rate exhibited a -7% risk difference [(-11%, -4% CI)], denoting a lesser number of complications in the endoscopic group [Number Need to Treat (NNT =15). A complementary analysis of procedure time with two of the selected studies demonstrated a mean difference of -118.32 min [(-127.77, -108.87 CI)], in favor of endoscopic resection, even though such data lacks homogeneity across studies, and could be heavily influenced by local expertise. Long-term results were found in only one study and therefore were not included in the final analysis., Conclusions: According to the current available data, the treatment of early CRC by surgical resection is associated with higher curative resection rates and higher en bloc resection rates, despite of higher complications rates, as compared to endoscopic resection. Shorter procedure times are associated with the endoscopic methods of treatment, however high heterogeneity levels limit this conclusion.

To reduce bladder function impairment and avert the serious complications of anastomotic leakage after segmental rectosigmoidectomy and to minimize the persistence of endometriotic lesions associated with discoid resection, we used the double circular stapling (DCS) technique. This technique enables excision of bowel endometriosis nodules larger than those that can be removed with the single-load technique of the circular stapler. Of 120 patients who underwent surgery to treat bowel endometriosis, intestinal shaving was performed in 24, discoid resection with single circular stapling in 40, and rectosigmoidectomy in 55. Eleven patients (9.2%) underwent the DCS technique. In the DCS group, the size of the rectosigmoid lesion ranged from 2.2 cm to 4.2 cm. Median operative time for the DCS technique was 100 minutes, compared with 150 minutes for rectosigmoidectomy (p = .04). Only 1 of 11 patients (9%) had urinary retention, compared with postoperative urinary retention in 14 of 55 patients (25%) who had undergone rectosigmoidectomy (difference not significant). Only 1 patient, with a 4.2-cm nodule, had a positive margin in the specimen obtained at the second stapling. DCS is a promising technique and may avert rectosigmoidectomy in selected patients., (Copyright © 2014 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)