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Background: Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may increase the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring; however, their association remains unexplored in Asian populations. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between maternal PCOS and ADHD in offspring aged 3-6 years and whether it differed by offspring sex., Methods: This was a district-wide population-based study of 87,081 preschoolers from 234 kindergartens in Longhua District, Shenzhen, China. The parents were invited to complete a self-administrated questionnaire covering information on socio-demographics, maternal disease history, and child behavior. ADHD symptoms were measured with the parent-rating 26-item Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV). Logistic regression was performed to examine the associations between maternal PCOS and ADHD symptoms in offspring., Results: The response rate was 80% and 63,390 mother-child pairs were included. Of the mothers, 1,667 (2.6%) reported PCOS diagnoses. The mean age of children at ADHD assessment was 4.86 ± 0.84[SD] years, and 53.6% were boys. Children with maternal PCOS had a higher risk of developing ADHD symptoms than other children (12.0 vs. 9.4%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13-1.54). The risk estimate was significant in boys (adjusted OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.14-1.66) but not in girls (adjusted OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.94-1.57, P for interaction = 0.391). Treatment of PCOS tended to be associated with a lower risk of ADHD symptoms than untreated PCOS albeit risk confidence intervals were overlapped (treated: adjusted OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06-1.54 vs. untreated: adjusted OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08-1.83)., Conclusion: Maternal PCOS increases the risk of developing ADHD in offspring, especially boys. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings, and early neurodevelopmental screening may be needed in children born to mothers with PCOS., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor XL declared a past collaboration with the author WC., (Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Lu, Guo, Wang, Qiu, Zhang, Zhang, Chen, Wang and Yang.)

Objective: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are quite common in the general populations without a clinical diagnosis, but pregnant women have been neglected in earlier literature. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of PLEs among pregnant women without previous psychiatric history in each trimester., Method: A total of 950 pregnant women participated in a cross-sectional survey, with social and demographic information collected. The Positive Subscale of Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) was used to measure PLEs, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to examine anxious and depressive symptoms, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate the risk factors for pregnant women with PLEs., Results: In our study, 37.2% of the pregnant women in this sample experienced at least one episode of PLEs, while 4.3% reported "often" having PLEs. More pregnant women experienced PLEs, delusional experiences, and hallucinatory experiences in the first two trimesters than in the third trimester. Factors associated with a higher risk for more frequent PLEs include: rural setting, unplanned pregnancy, parity 1, and EPDS scores. High positive correlations were shown between frequency scores among experiences of PLEs and GAD-7 scores, EPDS scores., Conclusion: Episodes of PLEs are common in Chinese pregnant women; however, only a small proportion has persistent PLEs. It is vital to pay attention to women with psychosis risk in pregnancy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lu, Qiu, Xian, Zhang, Zhang, Liu, Yang and Liu.)