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In this systematic review, we searched electronic databases for literature addressing physician use of chaperones during examinations of patients undergoing plastic surgery from the perspective of the patient, physician, and chaperone from inception of the database until April 2023. After screening 939 articles, we included seven studies in a systematic review. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of four domains (physician perspective, patient perspective, chaperone perspective, and chaperone documentation). The results of the analysis showed that surgeons who are experienced, are men, or have received education related to using chaperones are more likely to provide chaperones during patient examinations for medicolegal protection and patient comfort. A small percentage of surgeons have faced accusations from patients of inappropriate behavior. Most of these incidents have occurred without a chaperone present. Patients who have long associations with a particular plastic surgery practice are less likely to want a chaperone. When physicians examine nonsensitive areas, most patients prefer having no chaperone. However, young patients and patients undergoing reconstructive procedures are more likely to request chaperones. Patients prefer having family members or friends serve as chaperones. Notably, despite the presence of a chaperone, we found that documentation of the presence of a chaperone was inadequate. Using a chaperone helps establish trust and ensure patient comfort. Further research, including qualitative studies and multinational approaches, is warranted to gain deeper insights and develop comprehensive guidelines for chaperone use that empowers both patients and health care providers., Competing Interests: The author reports no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 International Society of Plastic and Aesthetic Nurses. All rights reserved.)

Orthokeratology (OK) is becoming a mainstream modality for myopia correction and control, but its underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this study, the biomechanical response of cornea under the OK lens was investigated to further understand the mechanism of OK therapy. Numerical models of the cornea and OK lens with different corneal refractive powers and myopia degrees were established to analyze features and differences of the spatial displacement and stress distribution in different areas of the anterior corneal surface by finite element method. Displacement distributions on the anterior cornea surface with refractive powers of 39.5, 43, 46 D, and myopia degrees of -1.0, -3.0, -6.0 D demonstrate similar deformation trends and nearly rotationally symmetrical attributes of different corneal parameters. Displacement of mid-peripheral cornea was significantly high compared with that of the central and peripheral cornea, peaking at ~2.4 mm off the corneal apex. The stress increased with the increase in myopia degrees and was significantly large for the myopia degrees of -6.0 D at S1; the stress at S2 and S6 was low and stable and did not differ much at S3; the stress at S4 and S5, however, was extremely high. In summary, simulation result of orthokeratology can effectively evaluate the performance of OK lens and it properly associates with the differential map of the corneal topography. The base curve of the OK lens may also play a role in mid-peripheral corneal steepening. The design around the OK lens' alignment curve needs to be optimized., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Objectives: Totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy has been developed with difficulty in intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy. Although mechanical stapling has been widely used for intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy, manual suture holds great promise with the emergence of high-resolution 3D vision and robotic surgery. After exploration of how to improve the safety and efficiency of intracorporeal suture for esophagojejunostomy, we recommended the technique of single-layer running "trapezoid-shaped" suture. The cost-effectiveness was analyzed by comparing with conventional mechanical stapling., Methods: The study retrospectively reviewed the patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer from January 2010 to December 2021. The patients were divided into two cohorts based on the methods of intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy: manual suture versus stapling suture. Propensity score matching was performed to match patients from the two cohorts at a ratio of 1:1. Then group comparison was made to determine whether manual suture was non-inferior to stapling suture in terms of operation time, anastomotic complications, postoperative hospital stay, and surgical cost., Results: The study included 582 patients with laparoscopic total gastrectomy. The manual and stapling suture for esophagojejunostomy were performed in 50 and 532 patients, respectively. In manual suture cohort, the median time for the whole operation and digestive tract reconstruction were 300 min and 110 min. There was no anastomotic bleeding and stenosis but two cases of anastomotic leak which occurred at 3 days after surgery. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 11 days. After propensity score matching, group comparison yielded two variables with statistical significance: time for digestive tract reconstruction and surgery cost. The manual suture cohort spent less money but more time for esophagojejunostomy. Intriguingly, the learning curve of manual suture revealed that the time for digestive tract reconstruction was declined with accumulated number of operations., Conclusions: Laparoscopic single-layer running "trapezoid-shaped" suture appears safe and cost-effective for intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy. Although the concern remains about prolonged operation time for beginners of performing the suture method, adequate practice is expected to shorten the operation time based on our learning curve analysis., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To understand Clonorchis sinensis infections in cats in Nanning City, so as to provide evidence for the control of the reservoir host of C. sinensis ., Methods: The cat livers were purchased from cat slaughterhouses in Nanning City. The cat gallbladder and liver were dissected, and liver flukes were collected and counted. Then, the worms were subjected to morphological observation, amplification of the ITS 2 gene and sequencing. The species of the worms were identified using BLAST., Results: A total of 105 cat livers were collected from two cat slaughterhouses, and 68 were detected with C. sinensis infections, with an infection rate of 64.76%. The highest burden was 980 worms in a single liver, and the mean burden was 72 worms in a liver. There were 3 types of liver flukes with various size and morphology, and all were identified as C. sinensis by means of morphological observation, ITS 2 gene amplification, sequencing and sequence alignment., Conclusions: There is a high infection rate of C. sinensi in marketed cats in Nanning City, and it is therefore suggested that targeted interventions should be intensified for the management of C. sinensis infections in cats.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Yiqi Chutan recipe( YCR) in the treatment of lung cancer with splenasthenic syndrome from the perspective of the endoplasmic reticulum stress( ERS)., Methods: 60 mice were successfully modeled as Lewis lung cancer mice with spleen deficiency, which were randomly divided into model group( normal saline),cisplatin group( 1 mg / kg),low dose( 2 g/kg) YCR group, middle dose( 4 g/kg) YCR group,high dose( 8 g/kg) YCR group and the combined medication group( YCR 4 g/kg + cisplatin 1 mg / kg),with 10 mice in each group. The mice were killed after 14 days,the size and weight of tumor in mice were measured,morphological changes of tumor were observed by HE staining method, the expression of CHOP and DR5 protein in tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemical method and Western blot method., Results: Compared with model group, the volume and weight of tumor in cisplatin group, middle dose YCR group, high dose YCR group and combined medication group were significantly decreased( P < 0. 01),and the tumor cells in transplanted tumor were large necrosis and the protein expression of CHOP and DR5 were increased significantly( P < 0. 01). The effect in treatment of lung cancer with splenasthenic syndrone in combined medication group was higher( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01)., Conclusion: Yiqi Chutan recipe has different degrees of inhibition on lung cancer, the combined use of cisplatin can obviously improve the curative effect. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of CHOP and DR5 in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins.

Objective: To study the inhibition and mechanism on lung cancer A549 cells xenografts in BALB / c nude mice., Methods: 40 BALB / c mice were selected to establish lung cancer xenografts models with human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells,which were randomized into model group,cisplatin group( 0. 002 g / kg), Yiqi Chutan Formula low-dose group( 3. 0 g / kg),Yiqi Chutan Formula high-dose group( 6. 0 g / kg) and combination group[Yiqi Chutan Formula 6. 0( g / kg) / cisplatin 0. 002( g / kg) ], with eight mice in each group. Yiqi Chutan Formula was given once a day with 0. 2 m L from 8th day after modeling,and successive medication for14 days. After given cisplatin with 0. 2 m L by intraperitoneal injection once a day in 17 th day,and modeling for 5 days. The tumor weight and tumor volume were detected. And the tumor inhibitory rate were calculated. The expression of CNX and XBP1 was detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and and real-time quantitative PCR., Results: Compared with the model group, the tumor weight and the tumor volume were lower in cisplatin group, Yiqi Chutan Formula high-dose group and combination group( P < 0. 01);and the combination group was better than the cisplatin group( P < 0. 01). The results of immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR showed that, compared with the model group, the expression of CNX and XBP1 were lower in cisplatin group, Yiqi Chutan Formula high-dose group and combination group( P < 0. 01),and the combination group was better than the cisplatin group( P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01)., Conclusion: Yiqi Chutan Formula can inhibit A549 lung cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice. Combined with chemotherapy drugs, the killing effect on lung cancer can be enhanceed. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulating CNX and XBP1 to inhibit the unfolded protein response to lead to apoptosis.

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of Yiqi Chutan Recipe on the transplanted tumor through endoplasmic reticulum UPR-mediated approach., Methods: 40 lung cancer A549 cells models transplanted in nude mice were established. On the 7th day of inoculation, mice were randomly divided into model group( saline group) , Cisplatin group (0.002 g/kg), Yiqi Chutan Recipe low dose group (3.0 g/kg), Yiqi Chutan Recipe high dose group(6. 0 g/kg)and Yiqi Chutan Recipe (3.0 g/kg)with Cisplatin group (0.002 g/kg). Each aforementioned group had eight mice. Mice were treated by Yiqi Chutan Recipe to gavage one time a day, for 21 days, and by Cisplatin Injection to intraperitoneal injection one time a day, for 7 days. On the 22th day, all mice were executed to death. Then each tumor's weight and volume were measured, and the expression of Caspase-4 and DNA-PK protein were detected through immunohistochemical method and Western blot method., Results: Compared with model group, the tumors' volume and weight of Yiqi Chutan Recipe high dose group and Yiqi Chutan Recipe with Cisplatin group were decreased, but the expressions of Caspase-4 and DNA-PK protein in tumors were increased (P < 0.01). Yiqi Chutan Recipe with Cisplatin Group had the better effect (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Yiqi Chutan Recipe has a certain inhibitory effect on A549 lung cancer in mice and its possible mechanism is relevant to the increase of expression of Caspase-4 and DNA-PK protein.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-benefit of comprehensive parasitic disease control project in Rongxian County of Guangxi, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategy of soil-transmitted nematode., Methods: The data of the overall input and output for soil-transmitted nematode control were collected from 2007 to 2009, and the cost-benefit was analyzed., Results: The infection rates of soil-transmitted nematode dropped from 30.10% in 2007 to 12.30% in 2009. The overall cost of soil -transmitted nematode control was 969 185.6 Yuan from 2007 to 2009. The direct benefits arising from avoiding the incidence of the disease for populations reached 88.415 million Yuan in three years. The ratio of benefit-cost was 91:1., Conclusions: The soil -transmitted nematode infection brings a heavy financial burden on both the patients and society. The implementation of comprehensive control measures can effectively control the prevalence of the diseases and produce good social and economic benefits.