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A new species, Xyrosaris insularis sp. n., was found in the Far East of Russia. Most of the specimens were obtained through the rearing of larvae that fed on Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. (Celastraceae). The genetic distances between the mtCOI sequences in X. insularis and congeneric species are in the range 1.2-13.9%. Minimal genetic distance (1.2%) was discovered between new species and X. lichneuta Meyrick from Shaanxi (China), which is lower than the standard mtCOI barcoding threshold of 2% for species delineation, but both taxa differ well in the genital morphology. The description of a new species is accompanied by illustrations of variations in the pattern, by the genitalia of both sexes, and by larva on its host plant.

Tawaya gen. n. and its four new species (T. flaventia sp. n., T. rutila sp. n., T. luteola sp. n. and T. armeniaca sp. n.) are described from Borneo. A key to the described species is provided. The taxonomic position of a new genus within the subfamily Dichomeridinae (Gelechiidae) is proposed based on a combination of molecular and morphological analyses.

The Russian Far East (RFE) is an important hotspot of biodiversity whose insect fauna remains understudied, particularly its Microlepidoptera. Here we explore the diversity of leaf-mining micromoths of the family Gracillariidae, their distribution and host plant associations in RFE using a combination of field observations and sampling, DNA barcoding, morphological analysis and literature review.                We collected 91 gracillariid specimens (45 larvae, 9 pupae and 37 adults) in 12 localities across RFE and identified 34 species using a combination of DNA barcoding and morphology. We provide a genetic library of 57 DNA barcodes belonging to 37 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), including four BINs that could potentially represent species new to science. Leaf mines and leaf shelters are described and illustrated for 32 studied species, male or female genitalia as well as forewing patterns of adults are shown, especially for those species identified based on morphology.                Three species, Micrurapteryx caraganella (Hering), Callisto insperatella (Nickerl), and Phyllonorycter junoniella (Zeller) are newly recorded from RFE. Five species previously known from some regions of RFE, were found for the first time in Amurskaya Oblast: Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke), Primorskii Krai: Ph. sorbicola Kumata and Sahkalin Island: Caloptilia heringi Kumata, Ph. ermani (Kumata) and Ph. ulmifoliella (Hübner). Eight gracillariid-plant associations are novel to science: Caloptilia gloriosa Kumata on Acer pseudosieboldianum, Cameraria niphonica Kumata on A. caudatum subsp. ukurundense, Parornix ermolaevi Kuznetzov on Corylus sieboldiana, Phyllonorycter ermani (Kumata) on Betula platyphylla, Ph. nipponicella (Issiki) on Quercus mongolica, Ph. orientalis (Kumata) and Ph. pseudojezoniella Noreika on Acer saccharum, Ph. sorbicola on Prunus maakii. For the first time we documented the "green island" phenotype on Phyllonorycter cavella (Zeller) mines on Betula platyphylla.                Two pestiferous species have been recorded during our surveys: Micrurapteryx caraganella on ornamental Caragana arborescens in urban plantations in Amurskaya Oblast, and the lime leafminer Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata), a species known to be native to RFE and invasive elsewhere in Russia and in European countries.                A revised checklist of RFE gracillariids has been compiled. It accounts for 135 species among which 17 species (13%) are only known to occur in RFE. The gracillariid fauna of RFE is more similar to the Japanese fauna (49%), than to the fauna of the rest of Russia (i.e European part and Siberia) (32%).

The systematic status of Gelechia acanthopis Meyrick, 1932 is reviewed. The general and functional morphology of the male genitalia merits a new genus in Pexicopiini, Sitotrogoides gen. nov., for G. acanthopis. The musculoskeletal apparatus of the male genitalia in Sitotrogoides is described for the first time and compared with allied genera. The taxonomic position of the genus Sitotrogoides is determined within the tribe Pexicopiini. The lack of the muscle m3 is suggested as a characteristic associating Sitotrogoides with Sitotroga and differing from all other genera in Pexicopiini. The type species of Sitotrogoides, Gelechia acanthopis Meyrick is redescribed. Our new records of Sitotrogoides acanthopis from Korea suggest its extended distribution out of Japan.

Sophronia salaganella Šumpich Bidzilya, sp. n., is described based on specimens collected in the mountains of the Altai Republic and Buryatia in Russia. The new species is most similar to S. illustrella (Hübner, 1796) and S. orientalis Li Zheng, 1998 from which it can be reliably distinguished by characters of the genitalia. Sophronia iciculata Omelko, 1999, syn. n., is a junior synonym of S. orientalis; and S. marginella Toll, 1936, syn. n., is a junior synonym of S. consanguinella Herrich-Schaffer, [1854]. Sophronia alaicella Caradja, 1920 is redescribed, and the adult and the male and female genitalia are illustrated. Sophronia illustrella (Hübner, 1796) is recorded from Russia for the first time. A checklist of Sophronia Hübner, [1825] of the world is provided.

Zelleria Stainton, 1849 from the East Asia is reviewed. Zelleria asiatica Na, Bae Ponomarenko, sp. nov. is described from Korea and Russia. Three species are redescribed and provided with a key to species, illustrations of adult, male and female genitalia, diagnoses, and descriptions. Z. japonicella Moriuti, 1977 is reported from Korea for the first time.

Anthonympha rossica sp. nov., is described and illustrated. A checklist and key to the species of the genus are given. All the species are diagnosed.

Two new species of the genus Ypsolopha Latreille, 1796 are described from Far East of Russia: Ypsolopha melanofuscella sp. n. and Ypsolopha straminella sp. n. Two new synomymies are proposed: Ypsolopha ulingensis Yang, 1977, a new junior synonym of Ypsolopha costibasella (Caradja, 1939); and Cerostoma falculella Erschoff, 1877, a new junior synonym of Ypsolopha asperella Linnaeus, 1761. The species Ypsolopha costibasella Caradja, 1939, Ypsolopha nigrofasciata Yang, 1977 and Ypsolopha nigrimaculata Byun et Park, 2001 are recorded from Far East of Russia for the first time. The male genitalia of Ypsolopha nigrofasciata are described and illustrated for the first time, diagnostic genital characters are given.