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Perovskite-based solar cell technologies have sparked much interest in recent decades. A solar cell's efficiency is an essential factor in developing a highly efficient device. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Perovskite-based solar cells can be enhanced by adding new materials to the photon-absorbing layer and altering the electron and hole transport layers. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is commonly used in electron transport layers (ETLs), but it has been shown that replacing TiO 2 with molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) improves PCE. We use the OghmaNano software to simulate a perovskite-based solar cell and investigate the PCE for TiO 2 and MoO 3 ETL layers by altering their thickness. The influence of electron and hole drift diffusion, carrier continuity equations in the position space to describe charge flow within the device, Poisson's equation, and charge carrier recombination have all been investigated in the context of solar cell simulation. It was observed that by substituting the ETL layer of TiO 2 with MoO 3 in the device, the PCE significantly increases.

In this paper, we consider the problem of batch classification and propose a novel framework for achieving fairness in such settings. The problem of batch classification involves selection of a set of individuals, often encountered in real-world scenarios such as job recruitment, college admissions etc. This is in contrast to a typical classification problem, where each candidate in the test set is considered separately and independently. In such scenarios, achieving the same acceptance rate (i.e., probability of the classifier assigning positive class) for each group (membership determined by the value of sensitive attributes such as gender, race etc.) is often not desirable, and the regulatory body specifies a different acceptance rate for each group. The existing fairness enhancing methods do not allow for such specifications and hence are unsuited for such scenarios. In this paper, we define a configuration model whereby the acceptance rate of each group can be regulated and further introduce a novel batch-wise fairness post-processing framework using the classifier confidence-scores. We deploy our framework across four real-world datasets and two popular notions of fairness, namely demographic parity and equalized odds. In addition to consistent performance improvements over the competing baselines, the proposed framework allows flexibility and significant speed-up. It can also seamlessly incorporate multiple overlapping sensitive attributes. To further demonstrate the generalizability of our framework, we deploy it to the problem of fair gerrymandering where it achieves a better fairness-accuracy trade-off than the existing baseline method., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

In recent years, perovskite-based solar cell technologies have sparked much interest. Organic-inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) are a type of perovskite that has shown promise in various optoelectronic applications. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic perovskite materials is improving with new materials development. However, inorganic materials studied in labs have limited PCE. Lead-free tin halide CH 3 NH 3 SnX 3 shows good PCE. In this work, we study the electrical characteristics of tin halide as a perovskite absorbing layer in planar heterojunction solar cells with the help of GPVDM solar cell simulation software. A comparative study of power conversion efficiency has been done for tin halide of chloride, bromide, and iodide. The effect of electron and hole drift-diffusion, carrier continuity equations in position space to represent charge flow within the device, Poisson's equation, and charge carrier recombination has been studied in detail., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are both classes of drugs used in the management of hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and proteinuria. While angioedema induced by ACE inhibitors has been well-documented, angioedema induced by angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has not. We present the case of losartan-induced angioedema requiring tracheostomy in a 48-year-old African American male. To our knowledge, there have only been twenty case reports published to date about losartan-induced angioedema. Although in the immediate short-term, our patient made a complete recovery, he had a sudden cardiac arrest a few months after the incident of angioedema and died., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Mann et al.)

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the official name of COVID-19, a respiratory infection that had the first case reported from the Hubei province of China on December 8, 2019. This virus is the main etiological agent behind the most dreaded pandemic of pneumonia that has spread to the entire world in a brief period and continues to pose a threat. The first wave corresponded with the period from February 2020 to June 2020, the Delta variant occurred around the middle of June 2021 and the Omicron wave was reported from December 2021 to February 2022. Objective : This study aims to compare the Delta and the Omicron variants of COVID-19 infection in a community-based hospital in New York City considering the comparison of ICU admissions in both variants. We aim to study the comparison of complete blood count (CBC) parameters and inflammatory markers of patients admitted to ICU stratified by two waves of COVID-19 infection. We aim to analyze the association of CBC parameters at admission and the discharge during ICU stay in both variants. We also aim to study the association of CBC parameters at admission and discharge with ICU mortality in both variants., Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study based on data from randomly selected hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a community-based hospital in New York City during the Delta variant and the Omicron wave. A total of 211 patients COVID-19 positive from June to July 2021 (Delta variant) and 148 patients from December to February 2022 (Omicron wave) were included in the study. A comparison was done between the basic characteristics of patients with and without ICU admissions in both variants of COVID-19. We compared the relationship of different parameters of CBC (hemoglobin (Hgb), white blood count (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets) on ICU admission and further analyzed any changes associated with ICU mortality. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the relationship of different presenting CBCs on patients' disposition to ICU.  Result: A total of 211 patients (106 female) in the Delta wave (2021 variant) and 148 patients (80 female) in the Omicron wave (2022 variant) with an average ages of 60.9 ±18.10 (Delta variant) and 63.2 ± 19.10 (Omicron variant) were included in this study. There were 45 patients (21.3%) in the Delta wave and 42 patients (28.4%) in the Omicron wave were admitted to ICU. The average length of hospital stay was seven days in the Delta wave and nine days in the Omicron wave. No significant association was found between presenting cell count and ICU admission (p>0.05). Significant associations were found between different cell counts on admission and discharge and death in Delta waves except Hgb and platelets on admission. However, in the Omicron variant, a significant association was found only between WBC on admission and discharge, and Hgb and neutrophil on discharge with death in the univariate model., Conclusion:  Comparative study of different clinical parameters between the Delta and the Omicron variants of COVID-19 with the correlation of ICU stay and mortality can be used as a beneficial modality in assessing the outcome of the disease., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Yadav et al.)

Pseudomyopia is an inappropriately excessive accommodation of the eye due to overstimulation or ciliary spasm, which leads to a marked approximation of the far point. Common symptoms of pseudomyopia include eye strain or fatigue, and it is classified as organic or functional. The latter is due to eye strain and functional increase in the ciliary tonus. Pseudomyopia can vary from being a transient condition or continue to progress to myopia. Head trauma is the most common cause followed by psychiatric illnesses, neurologic diseases, and drug-induced causes. There is an association between psychological stress-inducing events and pseudomyopia as it affects the autonomic nervous system. The human body counteracts anxiety by activating the parasympathetic nervous system, causing ciliary muscle contraction. Underlying psychiatric diseases in pseudomyopia patients have been reported in the past in multiple studies. Generalized anxiety disorder is the most common psychiatric illness associated with pseudomyopia with a positive correlation between anxiety-somatization scores and accommodation amount of the eye. It is strongly advised that a psychiatric consultation should be included in the multidisciplinary evaluation of every case. If patients have coexisting anxiety disorders, a multidisciplinary approach using psychiatric consultations, work environment changes, ocular exercises, and cycloplegic drugs can be used. This review aims to shed light on the association of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety with pseudomyopia., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Khalid et al.)

Factor V Leiden (FVL) G1619A mutation and prothrombin gene (PTG) G20210A are the most common inherited thrombophilias. They have been associated with various obstetric complications such as venous thromboembolism, recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, abruptio placentae, and small for gestational age fetus. The prevalence of these two mutations is 3-15% in Caucasians and is assumed to be far less common in other ethnic populations. However, there have been several controversies regarding advising routine screening of these thrombophilias because of a widely variable strength of association between different ethnic groups, as well as contradictory conclusions by different studies in regards to the association. In this study, the literature was analyzed thoroughly for the effect of FVL G1619A and PTG G20210A mutations on various obstetric outcomes. A review of multiple case-control and prospective studies suggests that despite the availability of robust data on this subject the results remain inconclusive and insubstantial. Further superior quality research, preferably prospective studies, is warranted to conclusively establish this relationship and to enable practitioners to follow a definitive protocol in the screening of various populations for these mutations to achieve an improved pregnancy outcome., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Padda et al.)

Various studies have established the prognosis of anemia in myocardial infarction (MI). Both chronic and acute anemia lead to poor outcomes in MI. Regardless, the association of anemia with MI and its management varies. In this study, the literature was analyzed to determine the association between acute anemia and MI based on the pathophysiology, outcomes, and management options. Acute anemia results in decreased blood supply and sudden hypoxia to the heart. Additionally, it exacerbates the preexisting compromised coronary blood supply in patients with MI. Thus, there is a disproportionate oxygen supply and demand ratio to the heart. It was found that anemia increases all-cause mortality in acute MI. However, it is unclear whether anemia is the direct contributor to mortality in these patients. For the management of MI, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is commonly used. Increased incidence of hospital-acquired anemia (HAA) is reported in patients after PCI. However, the cause of HAA in these patients is not well established. Antiplatelet therapy in these patients is also considered to be the culprit for HAA. Nonetheless, no clear evidence is available. There is no consensus or criteria for the treatment of acute anemia in MI patients. Researchers have explored management options such as blood transfusion, erythropoietin-stimulating agent, and iron therapy. Further studies are warranted for a better understanding and management of MI in patients with anemia and vice versa., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Padda et al.)

A strong association is noted between depression and early perimenopause as well as menopause. The association was found to be the greatest in women with natural menopause at the age less than 40 years. Excessive corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels in depression lead to inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and increased cortisol levels which further inhibits the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, gonadotrophs, and gonads. The resulting changes in luteinizing hormone (LH) amplitude, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, and LH pulse frequency were noted in patients with depression. Besides depression, earlier surgical menopause is associated with cognitive decline. In addition, it is seen that menopausal changes predisposed females to an increased risk of depression. The association between dysmenorrhea and depression was found to be bidirectional and congruent in most studies. Patients with dysmenorrhea and coexisting depression had enhanced pain perception along with a poor response to pain relief measures. Even the treatment of underlying depression has been shown to cause menorrhagia. On the other hand, amenorrhea has also been reported as a side effect of sertraline and electroconvulsive therapy. Menstrual disorders contribute to a significant number of outpatient gynecological visits per year in the United States. Co-existing or history of depression can either be the cause of or interfere in the treatment of these disorders. Furthermore, the treatment of depression can be the etiology of various menstrual abnormalities, while menstrual disorders themselves could be the cause of depression. The increasing prevalence of depression, women's health, multiple female-specific subtypes, and the preexisting burden of menstrual disorders necessitates more detailed studies on the effects of depression on the menstrual cycle., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Padda et al.)

A set of nanocomposite films of poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) and 0.1-0.4 wt% CdSe nanoparticles (NPs) were developed by spin coating and their surface resistance (R) was measured as a function of light illumination intensity (I L ) and applied magnetic field (H). The ferromagnetic CdSe NPs were synthesized by a facile chemical method which ensured in situ surface stabilization with a skinny layer of graphitic carbon. The CdSe NPs were uniformly dispersed in an aqueous solution of 2.0 wt% PVA and spin-coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide coated glass substrates. The photoresponse of the nanocomposite films at low H exhibits their efficacy for pertinent applications in optoelectronics.

Paracoccus yeei TT13 was isolated from human skin because of its ability to degrade propylene glycol. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of this strain; it possesses one 3.58-Mb chromosome and six plasmids. TT13 genome analysis indicated that this bacterium has denitrification potential., (Copyright © 2018 Lim et al.)

During the years 1973 to 1976 two populations of Pearl millet with wide genetic base, namely, Delhi composite (DC) and Vijay composite (VC) were used to compare the response to selection by the full-sib family method from biparental material and reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS). The results indicated that it was possible to advance grain yield with one cycle of RRS by about 23 percent in the case of population DC and 21 percent in population VC, while for the full-sib selection method, the improvement in grain yield was not so rapid. The studies on the nature of gene action indicated that both additive and dominance gene actions were important for grain yield, ear length and ear girth. The coefficient of variation as a result of RRS was reduced in population DC, while it was comparable to base population in the other population. The correlation studies indicated that the magnitude of favourable correlation of different characters with grain yield were higher in case of RRS compared to the full-sib system. The presence of negative correlation of plant height with grain yield in both the improved populations indicated the possibility of breakage of unfavourable gene combinations through RRS and full-sibs developed from biparental mating.