Background: Emerging data suggest that the combination of MEK inhibitors and immunotherapeutic agents may result in improved efficacy in melanoma. We evaluated whether combining MEK inhibition and immune checkpoint inhibition was more efficacious than immune checkpoint inhibition alone in patients with previously untreated BRAF V600 wild-type advanced melanoma., Patients and Methods: IMspire170 was an international, randomized, open-label, phase III study. Patients were randomized 1 : 1 to receive cobimetinib (60 mg, days 1-21) plus anti-programmed death-ligand 1 atezolizumab (840 mg every 2 weeks) in 28-day cycles or anti-programmed death-1 pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 weeks) alone until loss of clinical benefit, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), assessed by an independent review committee in the intention-to-treat population., Results: Between 11 December 2017, and 29 January 2019, 446 patients were randomized to receive cobimetinib plus atezolizumab (n = 222) or pembrolizumab (n = 224). Median follow-up was 7.1 months [interquartile range (IQR) 4.8-9.9] for cobimetinib plus atezolizumab and 7.2 months (IQR 4.9-10.1) for pembrolizumab. Median PFS was 5.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8-7.2] with cobimetinib plus atezolizumab versus 5.7 months (95% CI 3.7-9.6) with pembrolizumab [stratified hazard ratio 1.15 (95% CI 0.88-1.50); P = 0.30]. Hazard ratios for PFS were consistent across prespecified subgroups. In exploratory biomarker analyses, higher tumor mutational burden was associated with improved clinical outcomes in both treatment arms. The most common grade 3-5 adverse events (AEs) were increased blood creatine phosphokinase (10.0% with cobimetinib plus atezolizumab versus 0.9% with pembrolizumab), diarrhea (7.7% versus 1.9%), rash (6.8% versus 0.9%), hypertension (6.4% versus 3.7%), and dermatitis acneiform (5.0% versus 0). Serious AEs occurred in 44.1% of patients with cobimetinib plus atezolizumab and 20.8% with pembrolizumab., Conclusion: Cobimetinib plus atezolizumab did not improve PFS compared with pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with BRAF V600 wild-type advanced melanoma., Competing Interests: Disclosure HG reports honoraria payments from Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Novartis; consulting/advisory roles for Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, and Amgen; research funding from Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Roche; and travel/accommodations/expenses from Bristol Myers Squibb, Amgen, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. BD reports a consulting/advisory role for Roche. JL reports honoraria payments from, consulting/advisory roles for, and travel/accommodations/expenses from Achilles, AstraZeneca, Boston Biomedical, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, EUSA Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Ipsen, Imugene, Incyte, iOnctura, Kymab, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nektar, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Secarna, and Vitaccess; and research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Achilles Therapeutics, Roche, Nektar Therapeutics, Covance, Immunocore, Pharmacyclics, and Aveo. LD reports consulting/advisory roles for, speaker's bureau for, and travel/accommodations/expenses from Roche, Novartis, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol Myers Squibb, and BIOCAD; and research funding from Roche, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, BIOCAD, and Amgen. DS reports consulting/advisory roles for Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novartis; travel/accommodations/expenses from Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and support from the NIHR Royal Marsden/Institute of Cancer Research Biomedical Research Centre. ZE reports consulting/advisory roles for Array and Regeneron, and research funding from Novartis. PFF reports consulting/advisory roles for Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novartis; and travel/accommodations/expenses from Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, and Merck Sharp & Dohme. JP reports consulting/advisory roles for Bristol Myers Squibb and Merck Sharp & Dohme. PR reports honoraria payments from Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, and Eli Lilly; consulting/advisory roles for Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Pierre Fabre; travel/accommodations/expenses from Orphan Drugs; and officer/board of director's roles for the Polish Society of Surgical Oncology and the European Society of Medical Oncology. JM reports consulting/advisory roles for Bristol Myers Squibb and Merck Sharp & Dohme; speaker's bureau for Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Novartis; and travel/accommodations/expenses from Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, and Pierre Fabre. IR reports employment with stock/stock options from, and travel/accommodations/expenses from Roche. AV reports employment with and stock/stock options from Roche. ST reports employment with Genentech. BP reports employment with Roche. YG reports employment with Genentech. YY reports employment with Genentech and stock/stock options from Roche. MC reports employment with Roche. SM reports employment with Roche and stock/stock options from Roche. KF reports consulting/advisory roles for X4 Pharmaceuticals, PIC Therapeutics, Sanofi, Amgen, Asana, Adaptimmune, Fount, Aeglea, Array BioPharma, Shattuck Labs, Tolero, Apricity, Oncoceutics, Fog Pharma, Neon, Tvardi, xCures, Monopteros, Novartis, Genentech, BMS, Merck, Takeda, Verastem, Boston Biomedical, Pierre Fabre, Cell Medica, and Debiopharm; stock/stock options from Clovis Oncology, Strata Oncology, Vivid Biosciences, Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, X4 Pharmaceuticals, PIC Therapeutics, Fount, Shattuck Labs, Apricity, Oncoceutics, Fog Pharma, Tvardi, and xCures; research funding from Sanofi, Novartis, Array BioPharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Takeda, and Debiopharm; and officer/board of directors roles for Clovis Oncology, Strata Oncology, Vivid Biosciences, and Checkmate Pharmaceuticals. AA reports consulting/advisory roles for and travel/accommodations/expenses from Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, Novartis, and Merck., (Copyright © 2020 European Society for Medical Oncology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)