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In Hungary, there is a lack of information on the pig production technologies in place in the base year of 2005 and changes since then, as well as a lack of information on the number of pigs kept in different age and production categories, which makes it difficult to calculate ammonia emissions and reductions in the national inventories. Our research team conducted a representative survey of pig farms to assess housing and manure management technologies in the Hungarian pig sector in 2005 and 2015. Novel expert-based calculation methods were developed to convert farm data on pig populations into daily average numbers (DAN) of animals in different statistical categories and feeding phases. The survey resulted in a representative database of housing, manure handling, storage and manure application practices in Hungarian pig production. The data and methodology from the survey helped to develop an ammonia emission calculator and knowledge transfer tool (AGEM-S) for use by farmers.

Pig sector in China is faced with high risks, such as price fluctuation and food safety, and environmental regulation uncertainty. The recent African swine fever has caused public panic and drop down of pork consumption in a short term. The "wu-shui-gong-zhi" policy is a newly recognized environmental policy risk, and its key content is to shut down directly the pig farms close to water resources. Lots of small- and medium-sized farms have been affected, especially in coastal provinces. Supply chain integration received wide attention in supply chain management. Literature has shown that a well-coordinated food supply chain will bring positive outcomes for chain stakeholders. However, the relationship between food supply chain integration and resilience is not empirically captured. This research aims to explore the relationship between supply chain integration and supply chain resilience, and the mechanism of how supply chain integration works on supply chain resilience. To achieve the research purpose, an in-depth ethnographical case study is performed. Four cases in China's pig sector were selected, with different types of supply chain integration between cooperative and companies. They differ in supply chain resilience levels. We found that supply chain integration has a positive effect on supply chain resilience through agility and robustness. Supply chain agility also has positive relationship with supply chain robustness. It implies that supply chain stakeholders should efficiently exchange information, enhance circulation rate, and jointly make plans to be more resilient to risks. The government needs to make policies to encourage and facilitate supply chain integration among supply chain members to enhance supply chain resilience.

Computable General Equilibrium models are widely used in the literature to analyse the global effects of certain events with economic repercussions. The intensity of these events is usually justified, although somewhat vaguely. Based on the implementation of new technologies to certain production processes, we analyse the economic impacts of a replacement in the energy supply, from classical to renewable sources. In particular, this work focuses on the pig sector, due to its relatively high off-grid energy use, taking Aragon (Northern Spain) as a case study because of the significance of the sector in this region. A partial equilibrium approach to evaluate this replacement is first addressed. This partial analysis provides the intensity level of the impact of the change. On the basis of these data, the impact of the energy replacement is simulated using a Computable General Equilibrium model developed for the regional economy of Aragon. Findings show a slight increase in (pig) production and exports, and suggest the convenience of combining partial equilibrium analysis, which involves a mix of engineering and economic issues, to estimate the endogenous increase in efficiency, with general equilibrium models., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)