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Radical cystectomy (RC) is considered the standard treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, RC is often burdened by significant impact on quality of life (QoL); Continence preserving methods (e.g., continent cutaneous urinary diversion and orthotopic neobladder-ONB), have been proposed as alternatives to improve postoperative QoL. Trimodal therapy (TMT) emerged as alternative to surgery. To assess the impact of these treatments from the patients' perspective, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature, focusing on studies reporting QoL data about each of the abovementioned approaches. A systematic review was carried out including all prospective and retrospective studies enrolling patientstreated with radical intent for non-metastatic MIBC from 1999 to 2021 (either RC or TMT). All studies included specifically reported QoL for one of the main treatment approaches explored (RC followed by ileal conduit urinary diversion-ICUD, ONB or TMT). Pooled analysis for EORTC QLQ-C30 and BLM-30 questionnaires showed that ONB yielded a significant advantage only for Physical Functioning (pooled mean standardized difference -0.73 SD, p-value 0.019, I 2 = 93 %) and for Emotional Functioning (pooled mean standardized difference -0.16 SD, p-value 0.029, I 2 = 0 %). A trend in favour of higher mean reported values after TMT for Global Health Score, Physical Functioning and Role Functioning was found, if compared to both RC approaches. Significant benefit for ONB if compared to ICUD was detected only for specific subdomains of QoL questionnaires. No direct comparison with TMT is available, but data suggest advantage of this approach when compared to both reconstructive scenarios., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Conflict of Interest IM received a small fee for occasional attendance at the advisory board supported by Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Seagen, Accuray which is not related to the contents of this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Clotting is a major drawback of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) performed on critically ill pediatric patients. Although anticoagulation is recommended to prevent clotting, limited results are available on the effect of each pharmacological strategy in reducing filter clotting in pediatric CRRT. This study defines which anticoagulation strategy, between regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) and systemic anticoagulation with heparin, is safer and more efficient in reducing clotting, patient mortality, and treatment complications during pediatric CRRT., Methods: A systematic literature review was run considering papers published in English until December 2021 and describing patients' and treatments' complications in CRRT performed with heparin and RCA on patients aged less than 18 years., Results: Eleven studies were considered, cumulatively comprising 1.706 CRRT sessions (62% with systemic anticoagulation and 38% with RCA). Studies have consistently identified RCA's superiority over systemic anticoagulation with heparin in prolonging circuit life. The pooled estimate (95% CI) of filter clotting risk showed that RCA is a protective factor for clotting risk (RR = 0.204)., Conclusions: RCA has a potential role in prolonging circuit life and seems superior to systemic anticoagulation with heparin in decreasing the risk of circuit clotting during CRRT performed in critically ill pediatric patients.

Background: Since the appearance of the first report on postoperative cognitive impairment in 1955, the number of papers focusing on perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) has constantly increased, both in the field of basic science and clinical research. A critical comprehensive review may explore the perception of how noteworthy PND is for physicians and clinical researchers. The aim of this systematic review is to describe how the clinical papers published to date with PND as primary or secondary outcome have changed over time in terms of editorial characteristics., Results: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, up to March 2021. Human prospective or retrospective clinical studies in which incidence, risk factors, treatments, or outcomes associated with PND are described among primary or secondary outcomes were included. A total of 2109 articles were considered., Conclusions: The bibliometric analysis suggests a stable increase in attention towards PND, particularly in general surgery adult-elderly patients, and underlines the importance for the clinicians not to underestimate this specific field., (© 2022. The Author(s).)