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The article "Study of liver toxicity and DNA damage due to exposure to the pesticide Mancozeb in an experimental animal model - A pilot model", by N.D. Suarez Uribe, M.F. Pezzini, J. Dall'Agnol, N. Marroni, S. Benitez, D. Benedetti, J. Da Silva, C.T. Cerski, E. Dallegrave, S. Macedo, S.C.W.S.E.F. de Oliveira, D. Joveleviths, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (13): 6374-6383-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_32997-PMID: 37458654 has been retracted by the Editor in Chief for the following reasons: After publication, concerns were raised by an unidentified reader who underlined some similarities between this publication and a previous publication published in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. After being informed, the authors claimed the previous journal published the article without consent, and, therefore, the authors promptly withdrew the previous publication. The retraction published by the other journal does not contain any information regarding the reason for withdrawal. As a matter of fact, the journal does not have any evidence about the authors' claim and still considers this research a duplicate publication. For the above-mentioned reasons, the Editor in Chief decided to withdraw the manuscript. This manuscript has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/32997.

Objective: Mancozeb is one of the most widely used Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates fungicides in Brazil. A pilot experimental model was created to evaluate its potential hepatotoxic effect., Materials and Methods: An experimental study was performed with 27 male Wistar rats (3 groups). The Control Group received a saline solution, while Intervention Groups I and II received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Mancozeb respectively, once a week, for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were carried out, and the marker of biological exposure in urine was dosed. Biochemical tests, evaluation micronucleus count, comet and oxidative stress markers assay, and histological assessment of the liver were also performed., Results: The hepatotoxic effect of Mancozeb was confirmed by anthropometric measurements, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress. Statistically significant results were found when the exposed groups were compared to the control group., Conclusions: These results were supported by inflammatory infiltration and balloonization in the treated groups. The experimental model effectively demonstrated the deleterious effect of Mancozeb on the liver.

Mancozeb is a fungicide commonly used in pest control programs, especially to protect vineyards. Its toxicity has already been evidenced in several studies. However, its influence on the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota remains unknown. In this work, the adverse impact of Mancozeb on the intestinal microbiota was investigated using a rodent model. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: Control (standard diet), MZ1 (Mancozeb dose: 250 mg/kg bw/day), and MZ2 (Mancozeb dose: 500 mg/kg bw/day). After 12 weeks of experiment, animals were euthanized, and feces present in the intestine were collected. After fecal DNA extraction, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified followed by sequencing in an Ion S5™ System. Alpha and beta diversity analysis showed significant differences between Control and Mancozeb groups (MZ1 e MZ2), but no difference between MZ1 and MZ2 was observed. Seven genera significantly increased in abundance following Mancozeb exposure, while five genera decreased. Co-occurrence analyses revealed that the topological properties of the microbial networks, which can be used to infer co-occurrence interaction patterns among microorganisms, were significantly lower in both groups exposed to Mancozeb when compared to Control. In addition, 23 differentially abundant microbial metabolic pathways were identified in Mancozeb-treated groups mainly related to a change in energy metabolism, LPS biosynthesis, and nucleotide biosynthesis. In conclusion, the exposure to Mancozeb presented side effects by changing the composition of the microbiota in rats, increasing bacterial diversity regardless of the dose used, reducing the interaction patterns of the microbial communities, and changing microbial metabolic pathways., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The study aimed to assess the role of TE in HIV-infected patients with NAFLD., Methods: HIV-infected patients undergoing ART were enrolled between August 2016 and February 2017, following the inclusion criteria: ≥18 years with undetectable HIV viral load. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, alcohol intake ≥20g/day and co-infection with hepatitis B or C. Patients underwent an abdominal US to diagnose liver steatosis. Significant fibrosis (≥F2) was considered when APRI>1.0, FIB4>3 and liver stiffness ≥7.1kPa. Subjects with TE ≥7.1kPa were prescribed a liver biopsy and the NAFLD Scoring System ≥3 was considered as a diagnosis of NASH. The poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with liver steatosis., Results: 98 patients were included. The mean age of the subjects was 49±11 years and 53 (54.1%) were males. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 31 patients (31.6%) and was independently associated with male sex (PR= 2.18) and higher BMI (PR=1.08). Among the 31 patients with NAFLD, 26 showed results for TE, APRI and FIB4. The prevalence of significant fibrosis assessed by TE, APRI and FIB4 was 26.9%, 6.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Seven patients (26.9%) had a TE result ≥7.1kPa, which was associated with higher triglyceride levels, FIB4 score and CAP values. Liver biopsy was perfomed on six of those with TE ≥7.1kPa and NASH was found in 5 (83.3%) and liver fibrosis without NASH in one., Conclusion: NAFLD prevalence in HIV-infected patients is higher than the general population. TE ≥7.1kPa was not able to diagnose significant fibrosis but accurately detect a subgroup of patients at a high risk for NASH among HIV monoinfected individuals with steatosis., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Chronic liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is frequently related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective is to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatic steatosis among consecutive patients with stable HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Also, the use of transient elastography (TE) as a mean to identify a subgroup at risk for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and/or liver fibrosis. HIV infected patients were enrolled between August2016 and February2017. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years with undetectable HIV viral load. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy; alcohol intake ≥20 g/day and co-infection B or C viruses. Patients underwent ultrasound (US) to diagnose liver steatosis. Significant fibrosis (≥F2) was estimated if at least one of the following were present: APRI > 1.0, FIB4 > 3 and/or liver stiffness ≥7.1kPa. Subjects with TE ≥ 7.1kPa were proposed a liver biopsy and NAFLD Scoring System (NAS) ≥ 3 was considered as diagnosis of NASH. A total of 98 patients were included. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 31 patients (31.6%) and was independently associated with male gender, BMI, ALT and total bilirubin levels. The prevalence of significant fibrosis assessed by TE, APRI and FIB4 was 26.9%, 6.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Seven patients had a TE result ≥7.1kPa. NASH was found in 5 (83.3%). Among HIV infected patients undergoing ART, almost one third have NAFLD. Neither TE, APRI or FIB4 were able to act as surrogates for significant liver fibrosis. Nevertheless, TE ≥ 7.1kPa was able to accurately select a subgroup of patients at risk for NASH.