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We introduce an improved inert gas bubbling method for solvent deoxygenation, featuring a ventilation path alongside the inert gas inlet to enhance the efficiency and reproducibility. While essential for life, oxygen's reactivity can disrupt scientific and industrial processes by forming unwanted intermediates and deactivating catalysts, necessitating efficient deoxygenation methods. Traditional methods like freeze-pump-thaw (FPT) are effective but time-consuming, require stringent safety measures, and have potential limitations for use with aqueous and biological samples. Our enhanced inert gas bubbling method retains the simplicity and safety of conventional bubbling while achieving FPT-like deoxygenation efficiency, demonstrated by photoluminescence intensity and lifetime measurements in acetonitrile (ACN) and toluene (TOL). Simulations using a simplified kinetic model and the Stern-Volmer equation reveal that the added ventilation pathway reduces oxygen contamination in Ar gas bubbles, improving the deoxygenation efficiency. This method is widely applicable in academic and industrial fields, requiring consistent and efficient solvent deoxygenation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Despite advances of lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) materials, the applications such as light-emitting diode and biological imaging are limited by low quantum efficiency. For this context, the understanding of unique interactions between the doped-lanthanides and the host crystals has attracted a huge amount of the researcher's interest. In particular, it was revealed that doping lanthanide ions in a non-centrosymmetric site of host lattice is the cause of relaxation of the Laporte selection rule in the 4f-4f transition of lanthanide ions. One of the layered perovskites CsBiNb 2 O 7 is known to have non-centrosymmetric sites, which would lead to highly bright UC emission. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, there has been no research on the UC comparison between host materials of CsBiNb 2 O 7 with other hosts. In this article, we present the UC intensity comparison of Yb 3+ -Er 3+ ion doped CsBiNb 2 O 7 , NaYF 4 , BaTiO 3 , and SrTiO 3 hosts (the UC in CsBiNb 2 O 7 :Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ was 2.4 times that of NaYF 4 :Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ and ∼70 times that of SrTiO 3 :Er 3+ ,Yb 3+ ). After that, we dig into UC, downshifting, and double beam system UC properties. The activator concentration was optimized by varying the doping ratio of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ , and we found out the main reason for the concentration quenching behavior in Er 3+ ion doped CsBiNb 2 O 7 is dipole-dipole interaction. In addition, the double excitation experiment indicates that the absorption ( 4 I 15/2 → 4 I 13/2 ) factor is stronger than the stimulated emission ( 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 ) factor in CsBiNb 2 O 7 under 1540 nm laser irradiation.