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We report an unusual mediastinal recurrence along descending thoracic aorta during oncologic follow-up in a 47-year-old female smoker issued by lung adenocarcinoma with a history of left lower lobectomy and lingulectomy en bloc followed by adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III A-N2. Regional recurrence occurring along the staple line was suspected and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) combined to PET/CT allowed to reach definitive tissue diagnosis. High focal hypermetabolic activity on PET/CT at the site of suspect recurrence was necessary to check the lesion sampling by EBUS-TBNA., Competing Interests: All authors involved in this work. C.U., A.D., C.C., E.Z., F.C., P.A., C.M., C.D.L., and R.C.A. declare no conflict of interest with this manuscript., (Copyright © 2022 by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Malignant pleural effusion represents a prognostic negative factor on survival conferring stage IV disease. The median of survival is 5 months and a 5-year survival of about 3%. We describe the therapeutic success obtained from different strategies in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors in 2 young women showing malignant pleural effusion secondary to advanced ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma. This report shows that for patients with EGFR mutations in advanced lung adenocarcinoma-associated malignant pleural effusion, complete response to EGFR TKI inhibitor can be observed mostly if pleural effusion and primary lung adenocarcinoma show the same EGFR mutation status., Competing Interests: All authors involved in this work, U.C., C.C., E.Z., F.C., P.A., R.L., P.I., D.C., and D.A., declare no conflicts of interest with this manuscript., (Copyright © 2021 by S. Karger AG, Basel.)