1. Metabolites profiling of Sapota fruit pulp via a multiplex approach of gas and ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy in relation to its lipase inhibition effect.
- Author
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Farag MA, Ragab NA, and Maamoun MAI
- Subjects
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors pharmacology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Enzyme Inhibitors chemistry, alpha-Glucosidases metabolism, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Lipase antagonists & inhibitors, Lipase metabolism, Fruit chemistry, Fruit metabolism, Antioxidants metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Sapota, Manilkara zapota L., are tasty, juicy, and nutrient-rich fruits, and likewise used for several medicinal uses., Methods: The current study represents an integrated metabolites profiling of sapota fruits pulp via GC/MS and UPLC/MS, alongside assessment of antioxidant capacity, pancreatic lipase (PL), and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibitory effects., Results: GC/MS analysis of silylated primary polar metabolites led to the identification of 68 compounds belonging to sugars (74%), sugar acids (18.27%), and sugar alcohols (7%) mediating the fruit sweetness. Headspace SPME-GC/MS analysis led to the detection of 17 volatile compounds belonging to nitrogenous compounds (72%), ethers (7.8%), terpenes (7.6%), and aldehydes (5.8%). Non-polar metabolites profiling by HR-UPLC/MS/MS-based Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking led to the assignment of 31 peaks, with several novel sphingolipids and fatty acyl amides reported for the first time. Total phenolic content was estimated at 6.79 ± 0.12 mg gallic acid equivalent/gram extract (GAE/g extract), but no flavonoids were detected. The antioxidant capacities of fruit were at 1.62 ± 0.2, 1.49 ± 0.11, and 3.58 ± 0.14 mg Trolox equivalent/gram extract (TE/g extract) via DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, respectively. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays revealed a considerable pancreatic lipase inhibition effect (IC
50 = 2.2 ± 0.25 mg/mL), whereas no inhibitory effect towards α-glucosidase enzyme was detected. This study provides better insight into sapota fruit's flavor, nutritional, and secondary metabolites composition mediating for its sensory and health attributes., Competing Interests: Mohamed A Farag is an Academic Editor for PeerJ., (©2024 Farag et al.)- Published
- 2024
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