7,149 results on '"Methanol"'
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2. Optimizing trigeneration energy systems: Biogas-centric methanol production via direct CO 2 hydrogenation with advanced integration of PEM electrolyzer and LNG cold technology.
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Wan Q, Liu S, Feng D, Huang X, Alotaibi MA, and Liu X
- Abstract
Biogas, a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, addresses issues of non-renewability and accessibility. Its structural similarity to fossil fuels makes it a potent option for energy systems. With this in mind, this paper discusses a novel trigeneration system that utilizes biogas and Liquefied natural gas cooling to produce methanol, electricity, cold water, hot water, oxygen, and natural gas. The system integrates various components such as a biogas burner, Kalina cycle, organic Rankine cycle, liquefied natural gas liquid gasification cycle, proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, and methanol synthesis unit. Simulation via Aspen HYSYS software includes an analysis of energy, exergy, economic, and environmental aspects. Efficiency assessment in single generation, cogeneration, trigeneration, and chemical trigeneration modes concludes chemical trigeneration as most efficient, with the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer being the most efficient subsystem. Key variables like Kalina cycle evaporator temperature, gas flow rate to the methanol reactor, and organic Rankine cycle working fluid pressure are assessed. Predictions on thermodynamic, environmental, and economic behaviors, along with their fluctuations, are made. Using a thermoeconomic approach, the economic analysis determines an exergy unit cost of 59.79 $/GJ and a total cost rate of 2764 $/h. Overall, this work presents a novel and efficient chemical trigeneration system that utilizes biogas and LNG cooling to produce multiple products., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2024
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3. Revealing the Mechanism of Converting CO 2 into Methanol by the Cu 2 O and Oxygen Vacancy on MgO: Experiments and Density Functional Theory.
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Chen Y, Li T, Guo H, Wang X, and Cui W
- Abstract
Given the great significance of defect and Cu compounds for the reduction of CO
2 as well as the few reaction mechanisms of converting CO2 into different hydrocarbons, the effects of oxygen vacancies and Cu2 O on the reduction of CO2 were thoroughly investigated, and possible mechanisms were also proposed. A series of Cu2 O/Ov -MgO catalysts were synthesized for photothermal catalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol under visible-light irradiation, among which the 7%Cu2 O/Ov -MgO composite exhibited the best reduction activity and the yield of methanol was 19.78 μmol·g-1 ·h-1 . The successful composite of Cu2 O and Ov -MgO can yield a loose and porous nanosheet, uniform distribution, favorable absorbance and photoelectric performance, and increased specific surface area and adsorption ability of CO2 , which are all vital to the adsorption and conversion of CO2 . The introduction of oxygen vacancy and Cu2 O not only promotes the adsorption of CO2 but also provides more electron-triggered CO2 activation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was also performed to reveal the reaction mechanism for effective enhanced CO2 reduction to ethanol or methanol by the comparison of CuO/MgO and Cu2 O/Ov -MgO composites, illustrating the reaction pathways of different products. By comparing the key steps in determining the selectivity of C1 or C2 , the kinetic barriers of obtaining CH3 OH for the Cu2 O/Ov -MgO composite with CH3 OH as the main product were found to be lower than those of generating CH2 *, while the opposite is true for CuO/MgO composites, whereby it may be easier to obtain more C2 products. These insights into the reaction mechanism of converting CO2 into different hydrocarbons are expected to provide guidance for the further design of high-performance photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction catalysts.- Published
- 2024
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4. Complete genome sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae RX.G5M15, a methanol-metabolizing strain recovered from the sole of a shoe.
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Xu DY, Leung KM, Lai GKK, Leung FCC, and Griffin SDJ
- Abstract
The methanol-metabolizing strain Klebsiella pneumoniae RX.G5M15 was isolated from the sole of a shoe in Hong Kong. Its complete genome, a single chromosome and two plasmids totaling 5,381,940 bp (G+C 57.43%), was established through the hybrid assembly., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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- 2024
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5. Antidotes for poisoning by alcohols that form toxic metabolites.
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McMartin K, Jacobsen D, and Hovda KE
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The alcohols methanol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol share many characteristics. The most important is that the compounds themselves are relatively nontoxic but are metabolized, initially by alcohol dehydrogenase, to various toxic intermediates. These compounds are readily available worldwide in commercial products as well as in homemade alcoholic beverages, both of which lead to most of the poisonings, from either unintentional or intentional ingestion. Although relatively infrequent, toxic alcohol poisonings do unfortunately occur in outbreaks and can result in severe morbidity and mortality. These poisonings have traditionally been treated with ethanol since it competes for the active site of alcohol dehydrogenase and decreases the formation of toxic metabolites. Although ethanol can be an effective antidote, there are substantial practical problems with its use. Therefore fomepizole, a potent competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, was developed for a hopefully better treatment for metabolically toxic alcohol poisonings. Fomepizole has few side effects and is easy to use in practice and it may obviate the need for haemodialysis in some, but not all, patients. Hence, fomepizole has largely replaced ethanol as the toxic alcohol antidote in many countries. Nevertheless, ethanol remains an important alternative because access to fomepizole can be limited, the cost may appear excessive or the physician may prefer ethanol due to experience., (© 2024 British Pharmacological Society.)
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- 2024
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6. Polyoxometalates Based Catalysts for Carbonylation Reactions: A Review.
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Zhang X, Tang D, He L, and Cao Y
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As a type of diverse and structurally adjustable metal-oxo clusters, polyoxometalates (POMs) based materials have been extensively applied as a catalysis in various valuable reactions. This review summarized recent progress in the application of POMs-based catalysts for various carbonylation reactions including (1). Carbonylation of olefins, (2). Carbonylation of formaldehyde, (3). Carbonylation of methanol or dimethyl ether, (4). Oxidative carbonylation of methane, (5). Oxidative carbonylation of phenol and (6). Reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene. A brief perspective on POMs-based catalysts for the carbonylation reactions is proposed., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
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- 2024
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7. The effects of Anchusa azurea methanolic extract on burn wound healing: Histological, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory evaluation.
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Al-Qaisi T, Al-Rawadeih S, Alsarayreh A, Qaisi YA, Al-Limoun M, Alqaraleh M, and Khleifat K
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- Animals, Rats, Male, Methanol, Phytotherapy methods, Plant Components, Aerial chemistry, Phenols pharmacology, Phenols therapeutic use, Skin drug effects, Skin pathology, Skin injuries, Aizoaceae, Disease Models, Animal, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Re-Epithelialization drug effects, Fatty Acids, Collagen metabolism, Ointments, Burns drug therapy, Burns pathology, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Wound Healing drug effects, Antioxidants pharmacology, Rats, Wistar, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Flavonoids pharmacology, Flavonoids therapeutic use
- Abstract
Anchusa azurea one of the medicinal plants that has been traditionally used for treat burn wounds. However, the traditional claim that A.azurea can hasten burn wound healing has not been supported by scientific studies. This experiment used a male Wistar rats model to investigate the activity of A. azurea aerial parts methanolic extract in burn wound healing. To determine their ability to help in healing burn wounds in rat models, the active components of the aerial parts of A. azurea were extracted with 80% methanol, then, 1% and 10% ointments were prepared from the extract, and applied topically. The LCMS chromatography of A. azurea plant extract showed different active ingredients, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, fatty acids, and others. The plant extract's investigated as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and histological effects on the burn wound healing process. The results showed a significant (p-value < 0.025) rate of burn wound healing with 78.6% and 84.8% contraction, respectively using 1% and 10% (w/w) extract ointments after 12 days. These results were corroborated by histological observations such as collagen deposition, re-epithelialization, and repair of the remaining skin tissues without any sign of cutaneous toxicity. The plant extract showed significant (p-value < 0.025) antioxidant effect at the highest tested dose of 500 µg/mL, scavenging 89.78% of the DPPH with an IC50 of 213.6 µg/mL. These results confirmed by histological changes observations of collagen deposition, re-epithelialization, and reformation of remaining skin tissues without any signs of dermal toxicity. The plant extract exhibited significant (p-value < 0.025) level of antioxidant agents, by scavenging 89.78% of the DPPH at 500 µg/mL with IC50 of 213.6 µg/mL. Additionally, all pro-inflammatory cytokines examined, including IL-6 and IL-10, the results exhibited reduction in IL-6 level and increase IL-10 level. The aerial extract of the A. azurea plant revealed a wealth of several significant active ingredients, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, fatty acids, and others, suggesting the potential for anti-inflammatory, burn wound-healing, and antioxidant medications. These findings can open an avenue to find new therapeutics for burn wounds healing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and International Society of Burns Injuries. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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8. Exploring carbon-based Cu-ZnO catalyst and substitutes for enhanced selective methanol production from CO 2 : An integrated experimental and computational study.
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Hasannia S, Kazemeini M, Tamtaji M, and Daryanavard Roudsari B
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- Catalysis, Zinc Oxide chemistry, Carbon chemistry, Adsorption, Methanol chemistry, Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Copper chemistry
- Abstract
Methanol, produced through the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, is an essential intermediate compound that plays a crucial function in the production of various organic chemicals. Enhancing the design of copper-containing catalysts for the transformation of CO
2 to methanol is a popular strategy in scientific literature, although challenges persist in advancing the efficiency of carbon dioxide transformation and the selectivity of methanol production. This research aims at creating CuZnO-M/rGO (M = Mg, Mn, and Cr) catalysts using an efficient method for selectively converting CO2 to methanol. By optimizing the operational parameters of this system, methanol productivity and CO2 conversion efficiency are enhanced. Under optimal conditions, a CO2 conversion rate of 23.5%, methanol selectivity of 90%, and a space-time yield of 0.47 gMeOH .gcat -1 .h-1 and a favorable reaction pathway with the overpotential of 1.16 V towards methanol production emphasizing the high conversion and selectivity obtained.2 and a favorable reaction pathway with the overpotential of 1.16 V towards methanol production emphasizing the high conversion and selectivity obtained., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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9. Overexpression of the transcriptional activators Mxr1 and Mit1 enhances lactic acid production on methanol in Komagataellaphaffii.
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Bachleitner S, Severinsen MM, Lutz G, and Mattanovich D
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- Trans-Activators genetics, Trans-Activators metabolism, Saccharomycetales genetics, Saccharomycetales metabolism, Lactic Acid metabolism, Lactic Acid biosynthesis, Methanol metabolism
- Abstract
A bio-based production of chemical building blocks from renewable, sustainable and non-food substrates is one key element to fight climate crisis. Lactic acid, one such chemical building block is currently produced from first generation feedstocks such as glucose and sucrose, both requiring land and water resources. In this study we aimed for lactic acid production from methanol by utilizing Komagataella phaffii as a production platform. Methanol, a single carbon source has potential as a sustainable substrate as technology allows (electro)chemical hydrogenation of CO
2 for methanol production. Here we show that expression of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum derived lactate dehydrogenase leads to L-lactic acid production in Komagataella phaffii, however, production resulted in low titers and cells subsequently consumed lactic acid again. Gene expression analysis of the methanol-utilizing genes AOX1, FDH1 and DAS2 showed that the presence of lactic acid downregulates transcription of the aforementioned genes, thereby repressing the methanol-utilizing pathway. For activation of the methanol-utilizing pathway in the presence of lactic acid, we constructed strains deficient in transcriptional repressors Nrg1, Mig1-1, and Mig1-2 as well as strains with overrepresentation of transcriptional activators Mxr1 and Mit1. While loss of transcriptional repressors had no significant impact on lactic acid production, overexpression of both transcriptional activators, MXR1 and MIT1, increased lactic acid titers from 4 g L-1 to 17 g L-1 in bioreactor cultivations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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10. Methanolic extracts of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): A novel approach of targeting glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase for liver cancer therapy.
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Kanwal L, Ali S, Rasul A, Shahbaz S, Anum H, and Nauroze T
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- Humans, Hep G2 Cells, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plant Bark chemistry, Methanol, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Seeds chemistry, Litchi chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase, Liver Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
Cancer metabolism has emerged as a potential target for innovative therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cancer. Cancer metabolism has received much attention, particularly in relation to glucose metabolism. It has been observed that human malignancies have high levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity which is an important enzyme of glucose metabolism. This overactivity is associated with the cell death and angiogenesis, highlighting its potential as a viable target for cancer treatment. This study was conducted to examine the methanolic extracts from the seeds, bark and leaves of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in order to discover effective compounds targeting G6PD and potentially active entities against liver cancer. Plant extract screening for the target protein was carried out through enzymatic activity assay. The recombinant plasmid pET-24a-HmG6PD was expressed in E. coli (BL21-DE3) strain, then purified and assessed using metal affinity chromatography with Ni-NTA columns and SDS-PAGE. The cytotoxicity of plant extracts against liver cancer HepG2 cells was assessed using the MTT assay. All three extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory effects (>80% inhibition) against G6PD. They were then subjected to testing at various concentrations, and their IC
50 values were subsequently determined. The extracts of litchi (leaf, IC50 : 1.199 μg/mL; bark, IC50 : 2.350 μg/mL; seeds, IC50 : 1.238 μg/mL) displayed significant inhibition of G6PD activity at lower concentrations. Subsequently, the leaf extract of litchi was further assessed for its impact on HepG2 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited strong potential as an inhibitor of cancer cell progression. Moreover, the results of acute toxicity study in mice revealed nontoxic effects of litchi leaf extract on hepatocytes. The results imply that Litchi chinensis leaf extract could be considered as a promising candidate for safer drug development in the treatment of liver cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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11. A synergetic cocatalyst for conversion of carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water into methanol.
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Ye Z, Yang KR, Zhang B, Navid IA, Shen Y, Xiao Y, Pofelski A, Botton GA, Ma T, Mondal S, Norris TB, Batista VS, and Mi Z
- Abstract
The conversion of CO
2 into liquid fuels, using only sunlight and water, offers a promising path to carbon neutrality. An outstanding challenge is to achieve high efficiency and product selectivity. Here, we introduce a wireless photocatalytic architecture for conversion of CO2 and water into methanol and oxygen. The catalytic material consists of semiconducting nanowires decorated with core-shell nanoparticles, with a copper-rhodium core and a chromium oxide shell. The Rh/CrOOH interface provides a unidirectional channel for proton reduction, enabling hydrogen spillover at the core-shell interface. The vectorial transfer of protons, electrons, and hydrogen atoms allows for switching the mechanism of CO2 reduction from a proton-coupled electron transfer pathway in aqueous solution to hydrogenation of CO2 with a solar-to-methanol efficiency of 0.22%. The reported findings demonstrate a highly efficient, stable, and scalable wireless system for synthesis of methanol from CO2 that could provide a viable path toward carbon neutrality and environmental sustainability., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:Some IP related to this work has been licensed to NS Nanotech, Inc. and NX Fuels, Inc., which were co-founded by Z.M. The University of Michigan and Mi have a financial interest in these companies.- Published
- 2024
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12. [Microbial production of 1, 3-propanediol: a transition of feedstocks from C6 to C3 and C1 carbon sources].
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Guo S, Liu P, and Wang Y
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- Glycerol metabolism, Industrial Microbiology, Glucose metabolism, Metabolic Engineering, Methanol metabolism, Biosynthetic Pathways, Fermentation, Bacteria metabolism, Carbon metabolism, Propylene Glycols metabolism
- Abstract
1, 3-propanediol (1, 3-PDO) is an important diol with wide applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics industries. In addition, 1, 3-PDO serves as a crucial monomer in the synthesis of polytrimethylene terephthalate, an important synthetic fiber material. Microbial conversion of renewable resources such as glucose into 1, 3-PDO has been industrialized due to its environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, safe, and sustainable characteristics. It serves as a successful case in the design and application of microbial cell factories for biochemicals. However, concerns such as food scarcity and climate change are driving the exploration of non-food, low-cost, and sustainable alternatives as biomanufacturing feedstocks. The biosynthesis of 1, 3-PDO from the C3 feedstock glycerol by microorganisms has been well studied. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the synthesis of 1, 3-PDO from C1 feedstocks such as methanol, which has higher energy density than glucose and glycerol. Several new artificial biosynthetic pathways have been proposed and validated, laying a foundation for the sustainable bioproduction of 1, 3-PDO. This article reviews the feedstock transition from C6 to C3 and C1 carbon sources for the microbial synthesis of 1, 3-PDO and discusses the strategies for reprogramming metabolic pathway to enhance 1, 3-PDO biosynthesis from different feedstocks. Finally, the development prospects of 1, 3-PDO bioproduction from C1 feedstocks are forecasted.
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- 2024
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13. [Progress and perspectives of natural cell factories for chemical production from methanol].
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Wang S, Fang J, Zhang Y, Li Y, and Zhu T
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- Biotransformation, Bacteria metabolism, Metabolic Engineering, Methanol metabolism, Industrial Microbiology trends
- Abstract
Methanol has been considered one of the most important alternative carbon sources for the next-generation biomanufacturing due to its low price, mature production processes, and potential sustainability. Constructing microbial cell factories for methanol to chemical biotransformation has become a research hotspot in the green biomanufacturing industry. Focusing on the microorganisms that can naturally use methanol, we compare them with non-natural cell factories for chemical production from methanol. We discuss the key issues and challenges associated with natural cell factories for chemical production from methanol, summarize recent research progress surrounding these issues, and propose possible solutions to these challenges. This review helps to generate feasible guidelines and research strategies for the modification of natural cell factories for efficient methanol to chemical production in the future.
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- 2024
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14. Climate change impacts of bioenergy technologies: A comparative consequential LCA of sustainable fuels production with CCUS.
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Krogh A, Junginger M, Shen L, Grue J, and Pedersen TH
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The use of sustainable biomass can be a cost-effective way of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions in the maritime and aviation sectors. Biomass, however, is a limited resource, and therefore, it is important to use the biomass where it creates the highest value, not only economically, but also in terms of GHG reductions. This study comprehensively evaluates the GHG reduction potential of utilising forestry residue in different bioenergy technologies using a consequential LCA approach. Unlike previous studies that assess GHG impacts per unit of fuel produced, this research takes a feedstock-centric approach which enables comparisons across systems that yield diverse products and by-products. Three technologies-combined heat and power plant with carbon capture, hydrothermal liquefaction, and gasification-are assessed, while considering both carbon capture and storage (CCS) or carbon capture and utilisation (CCU). Through scenario analysis, the study addresses uncertainty, and assumptions in the LCA modelling. It explores the impact of energy systems, fuel substitution efficiency, renewable energy expansion, and the up/down stream supply chain. All technology pathways showed a potential for net emissions savings when including avoided emissions from substitution of products, with results varying from -111 to -1742 kgCO
2eq per tonne residue. When combining the bioenergy technologies with CCU the dependency on the energy system in which they are operated was a significantly higher compared to CCS. The breakpoint was found to be 44 kg CO2 eq /kWh electricity meaning that the marginal electricity mix has to be below this point for CCU to obtain lower GHG emissions. Furthermore, it is evident that the environmental performance of CCU technologies is highly sensitive to how it will affect the ongoing expansion of renewable electricity capacity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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15. Application of Mesoporous Carbon-Based Highly Dispersed K-O 2 Strong Lewis Base in the Efficient Catalysis of Methanol and Ethylene Carbonate.
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Hao L, Sun J, Wang Q, Xie H, Yang X, and Wei Q
- Abstract
As an atom-economical reaction, the direct generation of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylene glycol (EG) via the transesterification of CH
3 OH and ethylene carbonate (EC) has several promising applications, but the exploration of carriers with high specific surface areas and novel heterogeneous catalysts with more basic sites remains a long-standing research challenge. For this purpose, herein, a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (NMC, 439 m2 /g) based K-O2 Lewis base catalyst (K-O2 /NMC) with well-dispersed strongly basic sites (2.23 mmol/g, 84.5%) was designed and synthesized. The compositions and structures of NMC and K-O2 /NMC were comprehensively investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, CO2 temperature-programmed desorption, and contact angle measurements. The optimal structural configuration and electron cloud distribution of the K-O2 /NMC catalyst were simulated using first-principles calculations. The electron transfer predominantly manifested as a flow from K-O to C-O/C-N, and the interatomic interactions between each atom were enhanced and exhibited a tendency for a more stable state after redistribution. Furthermore, the adsorption energies ( Eads ) of CH3 OH at K-O-O and K-O-N sites were -1.4185 eV and -1.3377 eV, respectively, and the O atom in CH3 OH exhibited a stronger adsorption tendency for the K atom at the K-O-O site. Under the optimal conditions, the EC conversion, DMC/EG selectivity, and turnover number/frequency were 80.9%, 98.6%/99.4%, and 40.5/60.8 h-1 , respectively, with a reaction rate constant (k) of 0.1005 mol/(L·min). Results showed that the heterogeneous K-O2 /NMC catalyst prepared herein greatly reduced the reaction cost while guaranteeing the catalytic effect, and the whole system required a lower reaction temperature (65 °C), a shorter reaction time (40 min), and a lower catalyst amount (2.0 wt % of EC). Therefore, K-O2 /NMC can be used as a catalyst in different transesterification reactions.- Published
- 2024
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16. Temperature-Pressure Swing Process for Reactive Carbon Capture and Conversion to Methanol: Techno-Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment.
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Martin JA, Tan ECD, Ruddy DA, King J, and To AT
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- Pressure, Methanol, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon, Temperature
- Abstract
A model was developed to conduct techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) for reactive carbon capture (RCC) and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) to methanol. This RCC process is compared to a baseline commercialized flue gas CO2 hydrogenation process. An ASPEN model was combined with existing TEA and LCA models into a larger TEA/LCA framework in Python. From preliminary experimental data, the model found a levelized cost of $0.79/kg methanol for the baseline process and $0.99/kg for the RCC process. The cradle-to-gate carbon intensity of the baseline process was 0.50 kg-CO2 e/kg-methanol, compared to 0.55 kg-CO2 e/kg-methanol for the RCC process. However, water consumption for RCC (10.21 kg-H2 O/kg-methanol) is greatly reduced compared to the baseline (12.89 kg-H2 O/kg-methanol). Future improvements in hydrogen electrolysis costs will benefit the RCC. A target H2 /methanol mass ratio of 0.26 was developed for RCC laboratory experiments to reduce methanol cost below the baseline. If a ratio of 0.24 can be achieved, a levelized cost of $0.76/kg methanol is projected, with a carbon intensity of 0.42 kg-CO2 e/kg-methanol.- Published
- 2024
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17. Membrane-Free Selective Semi-Hydrogenation of Alkynes Over an In Situ Formed Copper Nanoparticle Electrode.
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Guo P, Xu Y, Wu H, and Zhang L
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Selective semi-hydrogenation of alkynes is a significant reaction for preparing functionalized alkenes. Electrochemical semi-hydrogenation presents a sustainable alternative to the traditional thermal process. In this research, affordable copper acetylacetonate is employed as a catalyst precursor for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of alkynes, using MeOH as the hydrogen source in an undivided cell. Good to excellent yields for both aromatic and aliphatic internal/terminal alkynes are obtained under constant current conditions. Notably, up to 99% Z selectivity is achieved for various internal alkynes. Mechanistic investigations revealed the formation of copper nanoparticles (NPs) at the cathode during electrolysis, acting as the catalyst for the selective semireduction of alkynes. The copper NPs deposited cathode demonstrated reusable for further hydrogenation., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
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- 2024
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18. Emission and optical characteristics of brown carbon in size-segregated particles from three types of Chinese ships.
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Yang F, Zhang F, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wu C, Lei Y, Liu S, Xiao B, Wan X, Chen Y, Han Y, Cui M, Huang C, and Wang G
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- Ships, Carbon analysis, Methanol, Environmental Monitoring methods, Aerosols analysis, Particulate Matter analysis, Vehicle Emissions, Water, China, Air Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
Brown carbon (BrC) is one of the important light absorption substances that have high light absorption ability under short wavelength light. However, limit studies have focused on the BrC emission from ships. In this study, size-segregated particulate matters (PM) were collected from three different types of ships, light absorption characteristics and size distribution of methanol-soluble BrC and water-soluble BrC in PM from ship exhausts were investigated. Results showed that four-stroke low-power diesel fishing boat (4-LDF) had the highest mass concentrations of methanol-soluble organic carbon (MSOC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), followed by 2-stroke high-power heavy-fuel-oil vessel (2-HHV), and four-stroke high-power marine-diesel vessel (4-HMV). While 2-HHV had obviously higher light absorption coefficients of methanol-soluble BrC (Abs
365,M ) and water-soluble BrC (Abs365,W ) in unit weight of PM than the other two types of ships. The tested ships presented comparable or higher absorption efficiency of BrC in water extracts (MAE365,W ) compared with other BrC emission sources. Majority of BrC was concentrated in fine particles, and the particle size distributions of both Abs365,M and Abs365,W showed bimodal patterns, peaking at 0.43-0.65 µm and 4.7-5.8 µm, respectively. However, different particle size distributions were found for MAE365,M between diesel and heavy fuel oil ships. Besides, different wavelength dependence in particles with different size were also detected. Ship exhaust could be confirmed as a non-ignorable BrC emission source, and complex influencing factor could affect the light absorption characteristics of ship emissions. Particle size should also be considered when light absorption ability of BrC was evaluated., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2024
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19. Methanol interference in LC-MS/MS vitamin D: need for lot-to-lot verification.
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Cheng WL, Chew S, Sethi SK, Ho CS, and Loh TP
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- Humans, Chromatography, Liquid, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Vitamin D, Methanol
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- 2024
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20. Death Following Methyl Alcohol Intoxication: Gross Autopsy and Histological Findings.
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Mileva B, Dikov T, Goshev M, Georgieva M, Tsranchev II, Angelov M, Alexandrov A, Ateriya N, and Ivanova V
- Abstract
Methanol, or wood alcohol, is a clear liquid with a weak odor, slightly sweeter than ethanol, which is easily accessible. The last makes it a product of choice for intentional self-harm, severe intoxication, or even suicide. Accidental ingestion and homicidal usage are not exclusions. We present and discuss the case of a man in his 20s who was in continuous alcoholic intoxication until he finally abused with methanol and was admitted to a hospital, where he died six days later. When it comes to intoxication, there are often no apparent findings that could help in determining the cause and manner of death. The last is especially important in cases of delayed death when the toxicology results are negative., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Mileva et al.)
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- 2024
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21. Intermolecular Interactions between Aldehydes and Alcohols: Conformational Equilibrium and Rotational Spectra of Acrolein-Methanol Complex.
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Lv D, Sundelin D, Maris A, Evangelisti L, Geppert WD, and Melandri S
- Abstract
The rotational spectra of the 1:1 complex formed by acrolein and methanol and its deuterated isotopologues have been analyzed. Two stable conformations in which two hydrogen bonds between the two moieties are formed were detected. The rotational lines show a hyperfine structure due to the methyl group internal rotation in the complex and the V
3 barriers hindering the motion were determined as 2.629(5) kJ mol-1 and 2.722(5) kJ mol-1 for the two conformations, respectively. Quantum mechanical calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level and comprehensive analysis of the intermolecular interactions, utilizing NCI and SAPT approaches, highlight the driving forces of the interactions and allow the determination of the binding energies of complex formation.- Published
- 2024
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22. Modulating the Active Sites of VS 2 by Mn Doping for Highly Selective CO 2 Electroreduction to Methanol in a Flow Cell.
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Wang P, Wang X, Zhang J, Wu C, Zhang A, Chen N, Sheng T, and Wu Z
- Abstract
Methanol is a valuable liquid C
1 product in CO2 electroreduction (CO2 ER); however, it is hard to achieve high selectivity and a large current density simultaneously. In this work, we construct Mn2+ -doped VS2 multilayer nanowafers applied in a flow cell to yield methanol as a single liquid product to tackle this challenge. Mn doping adjusts the electronic structure of VS2 and concurrently introduces sulfur vacancies, forming a critical *COB intermediate and facilitating its sequential hydrogenation to methanol. The optimal Mn4.8% -VS2 exhibits methanol Faradic efficiencies of more than 60% over a wide potential range of -0.4 to -0.8 V in a flow cell, of which the maximal value is 72.5 ± 1.1% at -0.6 V along with a partial current density of 74.3 ± 1.1 mA cm-2 . This work opens an avenue to rationally design catalysts for engineering C1 intermediates toward CO2 ER to a single liquid methanol in a flow cell.- Published
- 2024
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23. Metabolic engineering of Komagataella phaffii for the efficient utilization of methanol.
- Author
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Wang Y, Li R, Zhao F, Wang S, Zhang Y, Fan D, and Han S
- Subjects
- Alcohol Oxidoreductases genetics, Alcohol Oxidoreductases metabolism, Formaldehyde metabolism, Aldehyde Oxidoreductases metabolism, Aldehyde Oxidoreductases genetics, NAD metabolism, Methanol metabolism, Saccharomycetales metabolism, Saccharomycetales genetics, Metabolic Engineering methods
- Abstract
Background: Komagataella phaffii, a type of methanotrophic yeast, can use methanol, a favorable non-sugar substrate in eco-friendly bio-manufacturing. The dissimilation pathway in K. phaffii leads to the loss of carbon atoms in the form of CO
2 . However, the ΔFLD strain, engineered to lack formaldehyde dehydrogenase-an essential enzyme in the dissimilation pathway-displayed growth defects when exposed to a methanol-containing medium., Results: Inhibiting the dissimilation pathway triggers an excessive accumulation of formaldehyde and a decline in the intracellular NAD+ /NADH ratio. Here, we designed dual-enzyme complex with the alcohol oxidase1/dihydroxyacetone synthase1 (Aox1/Das1), enhancing the regeneration of the formaldehyde receptor xylulose-5-phosphate (Xu5P). This strategy mitigated the harmful effects of formaldehyde accumulation and associated toxicity to cells. Concurrently, we elevated the NAD+ /NADH ratio by overexpressing isocitrate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle, promoting intracellular redox homeostasis. The OD600 of the optimized combination of the above strategies, strain DF02-1, was 4.28 times higher than that of the control strain DF00 (ΔFLD, HIS4+ ) under 1% methanol. Subsequently, the heterologous expression of methanol oxidase Mox from Hansenula polymorpha in strain DF02-1 resulted in the recombinant strain DF02-4, which displayed a growth at an OD600 4.08 times higher than that the control strain DF00 in medium containing 3% methanol., Conclusions: The reduction of formaldehyde accumulation, the increase of NAD+ /NADH ratio, and the enhancement of methanol oxidation effectively improved the efficient utilization of a high methanol concentration by strain ΔFLD strain lacking formaldehyde dehydrogenase. The modification strategies implemented in this study collectively serve as a foundational framework for advancing the efficient utilization of methanol in K. phaffii., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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24. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for predicting the need for intubation in methanol-poisoned patients: a study comparing deep and machine learning models.
- Author
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Moulaei K, Afrash MR, Parvin M, Shadnia S, Rahimi M, Mostafazadeh B, Evini PET, Sabet B, Vahabi SM, Soheili A, Fathy M, Kazemi A, Khani S, Mortazavi SM, and Hosseini SM
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Deep Learning, Intubation, Intratracheal methods, Iran, Adult, Middle Aged, ROC Curve, Machine Learning, Methanol poisoning, Artificial Intelligence
- Abstract
The need for intubation in methanol-poisoned patients, if not predicted in time, can lead to irreparable complications and even death. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques like machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) greatly aid in accurately predicting intubation needs for methanol-poisoned patients. So, our study aims to assess Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for predicting intubation necessity in methanol-poisoned patients, comparing deep learning and machine learning models. This study analyzed a dataset of 897 patient records from Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran, Iran, encompassing cases of methanol poisoning, including those requiring intubation (202 cases) and those not requiring it (695 cases). Eight established ML (SVM, XGB, DT, RF) and DL (DNN, FNN, LSTM, CNN) models were used. Techniques such as tenfold cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning were applied to prevent overfitting. The study also focused on interpretability through SHAP and LIME methods. Model performance was evaluated based on accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, F1-score, and ROC curve metrics. Among DL models, LSTM showed superior performance in accuracy (94.0%), sensitivity (99.0%), specificity (94.0%), and F1-score (97.0%). CNN led in ROC with 78.0%. For ML models, RF excelled in accuracy (97.0%) and specificity (100%), followed by XGB with sensitivity (99.37%), F1-score (98.27%), and ROC (96.08%). Overall, RF and XGB outperformed other models, with accuracy (97.0%) and specificity (100%) for RF, and sensitivity (99.37%), F1-score (98.27%), and ROC (96.08%) for XGB. ML models surpassed DL models across all metrics, with accuracies from 93.0% to 97.0% for DL and 93.0% to 99.0% for ML. Sensitivities ranged from 98.0% to 99.37% for DL and 93.0% to 99.0% for ML. DL models achieved specificities from 78.0% to 94.0%, while ML models ranged from 93.0% to 100%. F1-scores for DL were between 93.0% and 97.0%, and for ML between 96.0% and 98.27%. DL models scored ROC between 68.0% and 78.0%, while ML models ranged from 84.0% to 96.08%. Key features for predicting intubation necessity include GCS at admission, ICU admission, age, longer folic acid therapy duration, elevated BUN and AST levels, VBG_HCO3 at initial record, and hemodialysis presence. This study as the showcases XAI's effectiveness in predicting intubation necessity in methanol-poisoned patients. ML models, particularly RF and XGB, outperform DL counterparts, underscoring their potential for clinical decision-making., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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25. Preparation of catalyst for CO 2 hydrogenation reaction based on the idea of element sharing and preliminary exploration of catalytic mechanism.
- Author
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Jia H, Du T, Li Y, Wang H, Yue Q, Zhou L, and Wang Y
- Subjects
- Catalysis, Hydrogenation, Methanol chemistry, Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Zeolites chemistry
- Abstract
Under the background of the continuous rise of CO
2 annual emissions, the development of CO2 capture and utilization technology is urgent. This study focuses on improving the catalytic capacity of the catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation, improving the efficiency of CO2 conversion to methanol, and converting H2 into chemical substances to avoid the danger of H2 storage. Based on the concept of element sharing, the ASMZ (Aluminum Shares Metal Zeolite catalysts) series catalyst was prepared by combining the CuO-ZnO-Al2 O3 catalyst with the ZSM-5 zeolite using the amphoteric metal properties of the Al element. The basic structural properties of ASMZ catalysts were compared by XRD, FTIR, and BET characterization. Catalytic properties of samples were measured on a micro fixed-bed reactor. The catalytic mechanism of the catalyst was further analyzed by SEM, TEM, XPS, H2 -TPR, and NH3 -TPD. The results show that the ASMZ3 catalyst had the highest CO2 conversion rate (26.4%), the highest methanol selectivity (76.0%), and the lowest CO selectivity (15.3%) in this study. This is mainly due to the fact that the preparation method in this study promotes the exposure of effective weakly acidic sites and medium strength acidic sites (facilitating the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol). At the same time, the close binding of Cu-ZnO-Al2 O3 (CZA) and ZSM-5 zeolite also ensures the timely transfer of catalytic products and ensures the timely play of various catalytic active centers. The preparation method of the catalyst in this study also provides ideas for the preparation of other catalysts., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
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26. Effects of potential inducers to enhance laccase production and evaluating concomitant enzyme immobilisation.
- Author
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Yüksek G, Taş DO, Ubay-Cokgor E, Jones JP, Gosselin M, and Cabana H
- Subjects
- Hexanes chemistry, Copper chemistry, Ethanol metabolism, Solvents chemistry, Methanol, Silicon Dioxide chemistry, Wastewater chemistry, Laccase metabolism, Enzymes, Immobilized chemistry, Enzymes, Immobilized metabolism
- Abstract
This work investigated non-polar solvent hexane and polar solvents methanol and ethanol as inducers besides a well-known inducer, copper, for laccase production with and without mesoporous silica-covered plastic packing under sterilised and unsterilised conditions. The potential of waste-hexane water, which is generated during the mesoporous silica production process, was also investigated as a laccase inducer. During the study, the free and immobilised laccase activity on the packing was measured. The results showed that the highest total laccase activity, approximately 10,000 Units, was obtained under sterilised conditions with 0.5 mM copper concentration. However, no immobilised laccase activity was detected except in the copper and ethanol sets under unsterilised conditions. The maximum immobilised laccase activity of the sets that used waste hexane as an inducer was 1.25 U/mg packing. According to its significant performance, waste hexane can be an alternative inducer under sterilised conditions. Concomitant immobilised packing showed satisfactory laccase activities and could be a promising method to reduce operation costs and improve the cost-efficiency of enzymatic processes in wastewater treatment plants.
- Published
- 2024
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27. Engineering yeasts to Co-utilize methanol or formate coupled with CO 2 fixation.
- Author
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Guo Y, Zhang R, Wang J, Qin R, Feng J, Chen K, and Wang X
- Subjects
- Saccharomycetales metabolism, Saccharomycetales genetics, Formates metabolism, Methanol metabolism, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Metabolic Engineering, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism
- Abstract
The development of synthetic microorganisms that could use one-carbon compounds, such as carbon dioxide, methanol, or formate, has received considerable interest. In this study, we engineered Pichia pastoris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to both synthetic methylotrophy and formatotrophy, enabling them to co-utilize methanol or formate with CO
2 fixation through a synthetic C1-compound assimilation pathway (MFORG pathway). This pathway consisted of a methanol-formate oxidation module and the reductive glycine pathway. We first assembled the MFORG pathway in P. pastoris using endogenous enzymes, followed by blocking the native methanol assimilation pathway, modularly engineering genes of MFORG pathway, and compartmentalizing the methanol oxidation module. These modifications successfully enabled the methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris to utilize both methanol and formate. We then introduced the MFORG pathway from P. pastoris into the model yeast S. cerevisiae, establishing the synthetic methylotrophy and formatotrophy in this organism. The resulting strain could also successfully utilize both methanol and formate with consumption rates of 20 mg/L/h and 36.5 mg/L/h, respectively. The ability of the engineered P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae to co-assimilate CO2 with methanol or formate through the MFORG pathway was also confirmed by13 C-tracer analysis. Finally, production of 5-aminolevulinic acid and lactic acid by co-assimilating methanol and CO2 was demonstrated in the engineered P. pastoris and S. cerevisiae. This work indicates the potential of the MFORG pathway in developing different hosts to use various one-carbon compounds for chemical production., (Copyright © 2024 International Metabolic Engineering Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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28. Influence of Black pepper (Piper nigrum L) Seed Extract in Methanol against Gram Positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-Negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Author
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Hossain MA, Ahmed SM, Haque N, Zannat KE, Tanzim SM, Afrin A, Banu TA, and Dema TS
- Subjects
- Piper nigrum chemistry, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Seeds, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Methanol
- Abstract
Antibiotics' usefulness is threatened by multi-drugs resistance in harmful microorganisms because of abuse and regulatory problems. Emerging microbes, resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial drugs all require extensive investigation. Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of Methanolic extracts isolated from Black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum L.) against two infection causing pathogens, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From July 2022 and June 2023, this experimental study was conducted at the Mymensingh Medical College's Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in conjunction with the Department of Microbiology. The solvents Methanol and 10.0% Di-Methyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) were used to make the extract. Using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods, the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of black pepper seeds (MBPE) was evaluated at various doses. Using the broth dilution procedure, the conventional antibiotic Ciprofloxacin was utilized, and the outcome was contrasted with that of Methanol extracts. Methanolic extract of black pepper seeds (MBPE) at seven distinct concentrations (100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 10 and 5mg/ml) were utilized, then later in chosen concentrations as needed to confirm the extracts' more precise margin of antimicrobial sensitivity. At 80mg/ml and above doses of the MBPE, it had an inhibitory impact against the aforementioned microorganisms. For Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa the MIC were 60 and 70mg/ml in MBPE respectively. As of the MIC of Ciprofloxacin was 1μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and 1.5μg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In comparison to MICs of MBPE for the test organisms, the MIC of Ciprofloxacin was the lowest. This study clearly shows that Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are sensitive to the methanolic extract of black pepper seeds' antibacterial properties.
- Published
- 2024
29. Comprehensive analysis of risk factors (methanol, acetaldehyde and higher alcohols) in alcoholic beverages and their reduction strategies: GC-MS analysis and modified activated carbon adsorption and characterization.
- Author
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Wu Z, Lv S, Xiao P, Salentijn GI, Cheng H, Li H, Sun J, Ye X, and Sun B
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Charcoal chemistry, Alcohols chemistry, Alcohols analysis, Risk Factors, Humans, Taste, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Alcoholic Beverages analysis, Acetaldehyde analysis, Acetaldehyde chemistry, Methanol chemistry, Methanol analysis
- Abstract
This study endeavors to examine the levels of risk factors in alcoholic beverages and propose mitigation strategies. GC-MS analysis was utilized to assess risk factors in various distilled-spirits. The content of such risk factors in spirits ranked as follows: vodka ≈ gin < baijiu < whiskey < brandy, and all were adhering to the Chinese national standard. Additionally, a method was refined to alleviate these risks, employing various reagents for activated carbon modification and evaluating their adsorption efficiency for risk factors reduction. Oxalic acid-modified activated carbon exhibited promising adsorption rates for risk factors with acceptable flavor compounds loss, rendering it a prospective solution for health hazard reduction. Characterization via SEM and nitrogen-adsorption-desorption was conducted on the optimal material, complemented by sensory experiments to optimize its application. This study offers valuable insights into the content of risk factors in alcoholic beverages, aiding in improving quality and safety of alcoholic beverages., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no conflicts to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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30. Electrochemical Polishing of Ti and Ti 6 Al 4 V Alloy in Non-Aqueous Solution of Sulfuric Acid.
- Author
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Kołkowska A, Michalska J, Zieliński R, and Simka W
- Abstract
This paper reports the results of our study on electrochemical polishing of titanium and a Ti-based alloy using non-aqueous electrolyte. It was shown that electropolishing ensured the removal of surface defects, thereby providing surface smoothing and decreasing surface roughness. The research was conducted using samples made of titanium and Ti
6 Al4 V alloy, as well as implant system elements: implant analog, multiunit, and healing screw. Electropolishing was carried out under a constant voltage (10-15 V) with a specified current density. The electrolyte used contained methanol and sulfuric acid. The modified surface was subjected to a thorough analysis regarding its surface morphology, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties. Scanning electron microscope images and profilometer tests of roughness confirmed significantly smoother surfaces after electropolishing. The surface profile analysis of processed samples also yielded satisfactory results, showing less imperfections than before modification. The EDX spectra showed that electropolishing does not have significant influence on the chemical composition of the samples.- Published
- 2024
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31. Allelopathic effect of the methanol extract of the weed species-red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) on the growth, phytohormone content and antioxidant activity of the cover crop - white clover (Trifolium repens L.).
- Author
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Gam HJ, Injamum-Ul-Hoque M, Kang Y, Ahsan SM, Hasan MM, Shaffique S, Kang SM, and Lee IJ
- Subjects
- Methanol, Plant Weeds drug effects, Plant Weeds growth & development, Pheromones pharmacology, Pheromones metabolism, Plant Shoots growth & development, Plant Shoots drug effects, Plant Shoots metabolism, Plant Shoots chemistry, Trifolium growth & development, Trifolium metabolism, Trifolium drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Antioxidants metabolism, Allelopathy, Rumex growth & development, Rumex metabolism, Rumex drug effects, Rumex chemistry, Plant Growth Regulators metabolism, Plant Growth Regulators pharmacology
- Abstract
Allelopathy is a biological process in which one organism releases biochemicals that affect the growth and development of other organisms. The current investigation sought to determine the allelopathic effect of Rumex acetosella on white clover (Trifolium repens) growth and development by using its shoot extract (lower IC
50 value) as a foliar treatment. Here, different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 g/L) of shoot extract from Rumex acetosella were used as treatments. With increasing concentrations of shoot extract, the plant growth parameters, chlorophyll and total protein content of Trifolium repens decreased. On the other hand, ROS, such as O2 .- and H2 O2, and antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and POD, increased with increasing shoot extract concentration. A phytohormonal study indicated that increased treatment concentrations increased ABA and SA levels while JA levels were reduced. For the identification of allelochemicals, liquid‒liquid extraction, thin-layer chromatography, and open-column chromatography were conducted using R. acetosella shoot extracts, followed by a seed bioassay on the separated layer. A lower IC50 value was obtained through GC/MS analysis. gammaSitosterol was identified as the most abundant component. The shoot extract of Rumex acetosella has strong allelochemical properties that may significantly impede the growth and development of Trifolium repens. This approach could help to understand the competitive abilities of this weed species and in further research provide an alternate weed management strategy., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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32. Gas Sensor Based on Highly Effective Slot-Die Printed PEDOT:PSS@ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite for Methanol Detection.
- Author
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Ramos Canabarra Dos Santos T, de Jesus Bassi M, Muller de França M, Majewski JK, Barcote MVW, Stanislawczuk AEP, and Roman LS
- Abstract
This study presents the development of gas sensors based on the PEDOT:PSS@ZnO hybrid active layer slot-die printing aqueous ink. Two different zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were studied to form the nanocomposites, as well as the use of glass and PET substrates to manufacture the devices. Despite the influence of the morphology of the active layer, all device variations studied here exhibited high response values for methanol gas at room temperature, in addition to presenting good repeatability, reversibility, and the possibility of technology transfer to flexible substrates. Furthermore, PEDOT:PSS@ZnO showed good selectivity to methanol compared to ethanol, ammonia, and CO
2 . The best devices showed responses greater than 700% in detecting methanol.- Published
- 2024
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33. Extraction of chlorophyll a from Tetradesmus obliquus-a method upgrade.
- Author
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Greipel E, Kósa A, Böddi B, Bakony M, Bernát G, Felföldi T, Preininger É, and Kutasi J
- Subjects
- Chlorophyll analysis, Chlorophyta chemistry, Chlorophyta metabolism, Chlorophyll A analysis
- Abstract
Nowadays, the use of algae is prevalent for both industrial and agricultural purposes. The determination of chlorophyll (Chl) content is a commonly used method for estimating the phytoplankton abundance in different water bodies or biomass density of algal cultures. The aim of the present work is to optimise the efficiency of the Chl extraction from the green alga Tetradesmus obliquus using methanol as extracting solvent. The extraction efficiency was estimated by measuring the Chl a concentration of the extracts using fluorescence spectroscopy. To increase the extraction yield, glass fibre filters with algal cells on top were treated with 10% (v/v) formalin prior to the extraction. We found that this pretreatment significantly enhanced the extraction yield of Chl without its chemical decomposition. We also found that the optimal cell concentration for Chl determination ranged from 1.44 × 10
4 to 3.60 × 105 cells/mL and the extraction efficiency was lower when the cell density of the culture was out of this range. These results highlight the importance of the optimization of the pigment extraction for the studied algal species., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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34. Boosting oxygen vacancies by modulating the morphology of Au decorated In 2 O 3 with enhanced CO 2 hydrogenation activity to CH 3 OH.
- Author
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Hou R, Xiao J, Wu Q, Zhang T, and Wang Q
- Subjects
- Hydrogenation, Adsorption, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Methanol
- Abstract
CO
2 hydrogenation to methanol has become one of the most promising ways for CO2 utilization, however, the CO2 conversion rate and methanol selectivity of this reaction still need to be improved for industrial application. Here we investigated the structure-activity relationship for CO2 conversion to methanol of In2 O3 -based catalysts by modulating morphology and decorating Au. Three different Au/In2 O3 catalysts were prepared, their activity follow the sequence of Au/In2 O3 -nanosphere (Au/In2 O3 -NS) > Au/In2 O3 -nanoplate (Au/In2 O3 -NP) > Au/In2 O3 -hollow microsphere (Au/In2 O3 -HM). Au/In2 O3 -NS exhibited the best performance with good CO2 conversion of 12.7%, high methanol selectivity of 59.8%, and large space time yield of 0.32 gCH /(hr·g3 OHcat ) at 300°C. The high performance of Au/In2 O3 -NS was considered as the presence of Au. It contributes to the creation of more surface oxygen vacancies, which further promoted the CO2 adsorption and facilitated CO2 activation to form the formate intermediates towards methanol. This work clearly suggests that the activity of In2 O3 catalyst can be effective enhanced by structure engineering and Au decorating., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this article., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2024
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35. Highly selective and sensitive molecularly imprinted sensors for the electrochemical assay of quercetin in methanol extracts of Rubus sanctus and Fragaria vesca.
- Author
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Hurkul MM, Cetinkaya A, Yayla S, Kaya SI, Budak F, Tok KC, Gumustas M, Uzun L, and Ozkan SA
- Subjects
- Polymers chemistry, Quercetin, Reproducibility of Results, Methanol, Electrochemical Techniques methods, Carbon chemistry, Limit of Detection, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Electrodes, Plant Extracts, Fragaria, Rubus, Molecular Imprinting
- Abstract
Quercetin (QUE) is a powerful antioxidant and one of the common phenolic compounds found in plants, vegetables, and fruits, which has shown many pharmacological activities. The complex nature of the matrix in which QUE is found and its importance and potential uses in diverse applications force the researchers to develop selective and sensitive sensors. In the present work, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor was fabricated for the selective and sensitive determination of the QUE in plant extracts and food supplements. Tryptophan methacrylate (TrpMA) was chosen as the functional monomer, whereas the photopolymerization (PP) method was applied using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Electrochemical and morphological characterizations of the developed sensor (TrpMA@QUE/MIP-GCE) were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The linear range of the developed sensor was determined to be in the range of 1.0-25 pM, while the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.235 pM. In conclusion, The TrpMA@QUE/MIP-GCE sensor might be classified as a promising platform for selective and sensitive determination of QUE not only in plant extracts but also in commercial food supplements because of its reliability, reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and fast response time., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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36. Substances of health concern in home-distilled and commercial alcohols from Texas.
- Author
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Lapierre C, Erlandson LW, Stoneroad Ii R, Rhiner A, Gosnell R, Barber J, and Pham L
- Abstract
Objective: Poor distillation practices in the production of spirits have historically resulted in many instances of adverse health outcomes including death. Concern has focused on lead and copper contamination as well as unhealthy levels of methanol and glyphosate. This study assesses home-distilled and commercially distilled alcohols from Texas for these substances of concern, highlighting their potential risks to public health., Methods: Atomic absorption spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were employed to determine lead and copper, methanol, and glyphosate levels in 12 commercial and 36 home-distilled alcohol samples., Results: Our findings showed that 11 % of the home-distilled alcohols exceeded the U.S. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau's copper safety limits of 0.5 mg/L for wine. Additionally, 36 % of these samples surpassed the European Commission (EC)'s lead legal threshold of 0.15 mg/L set for wine products. Results from commercial alcohols indicated that no samples exceeded the same safety limits for copper, and 33 % exceeded the same legal threshold for lead. Both commercial and home-distilled alcohols exhibited methanol concentrations remarkably below the 0.35 % limit for brandy set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Only two home-distilled samples contained detectable glyphosate concentrations well below 100 μg/L, the maximum residue level in beer and wine established by the EC., Conclusions: Our findings suggested that consumption of alcohol in Texas may pose potential health risks associated with the elevated content of lead and copper. There is a need for increased focus on alcohol as a potential source of exposure to heavy metals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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37. Antiproliferative assay of suma or Brazilian ginseng ( Hebanthe eriantha ) methanolic extract on HCT116 and 4T1 cancer cell lines, in vitro toxicity on Artemia salina larvae, and antibacterial activity.
- Author
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Rahamouz-Haghighi S and Sharafi A
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, HCT116 Cells, Mice, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Cell Line, Tumor, Plant Roots chemistry, Larva drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Panax chemistry, Methanol, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic chemistry, Plants, Medicinal chemistry, Artemia drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry
- Abstract
Hebanthe eriantha is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine and a subject of commercial interest. The cytotoxicity effects from H. eriantha root extracts on cancerous and normal cells were assessed by the MTT method, and in vitro toxicity was evaluated on Artemia salina . The inhibition of the proliferation of bacteria and MIC values were examined by the disc diffusion and the broth microdilution method, respectively. Human colon cancer HCT116 and mouse breast tumour model 4T1 cells treated with methanolic extract showed a significant decrease in viability of cells with IC
50 : 272.6 and 88.5 µg/mL at 72h, respectively. The methanolic extract of H. eriantha showed moderate toxicity against A. salina (LC50: 589.4 µg/mL). In antimicrobial activity, the methanolic extract showed the highest inhibitory function against S. aureus and P. vulgaris (17.5 and 16 mm) with MICs of 500 µg/mL. The results confirmed the potential of plant roots as cytotoxic agents.- Published
- 2024
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38. Biomass gasification, catalytic technologies and energy integration for production of circular methanol: New horizons for industry decarbonisation.
- Author
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Bobadilla LF, Azancot L, González-Castaño M, Ruíz-López E, Pastor-Pérez L, Durán-Olivencia FJ, Ye R, Chong K, Blanco-Sánchez PH, Wu Z, Reina TR, and Odriozola JA
- Subjects
- Biomass, Hot Temperature, Catalysis, Methanol, Technology
- Abstract
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recognises the pivotal role of renewable energies in the future energy system and the achievement of the zero-emission target. The implementation of renewables should provide major opportunities and enable a more secure and decentralised energy supply system. Renewable fuels provide long-term solutions for the transport sector, particularly for applications where fuels with high energy density are required. In addition, it helps reducing the carbon footprint of these sectors in the long-term. Information on biomass characteristics feedstock is essential for scaling-up gasification from the laboratory to industrial-scale. This review deals with the transformation biogenic residues into a valuable bioenergy carrier like biomethanol as the liquid sunshine based on the combination of modified mature technologies such as gasification with other innovative solutions such as membranes and microchannel reactors. Tar abatement is a critical process in product gas upgrading since tars compromise downstream processes and equipment, for this, membrane technology for upgrading syngas quality is discussed in this paper. Microchannel reactor technology with the design of state-of-the-art multifunctional catalysts provides a path to develop decentralised biomethanol synthesis from biogenic residues. Finally, the development of a process chain for the production of (i) methanol as an intermediate energy carrier, (ii) electricity and (iii) heat for decentralised applications based on biomass feedstock flexible gasification, gas upgrading and methanol synthesis is analysed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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39. Effect of reduction pretreatment on the structure and catalytic performance of Ir-In 2 O 3 catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol.
- Author
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Ding C, Yang F, Ye X, Yang C, Liu X, Tan Y, Shen Z, Duan H, Su X, and Huang Y
- Subjects
- Hydrogenation, Catalysis, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Methanol
- Abstract
In
2 O3 has been found a promising application in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, which is beneficial to the utilization of CO2 . The oxygen vacancy (Ov ) site is identified as the catalytic active center of this reaction. However, there remains a great challenge to understand the relations between the state of oxygen species in In2 O3 and the catalytic performance for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. In the present work, we compare the properties of multiple In2 O3 and Ir-promoted In2 O3 (Ir-In2 O3 ) catalysts with different Ir loadings and after being pretreated under different reduction temperatures. The CO2 conversion rate of Ir-In2 O3 is more promoted than that of pure In2 O3 . With only a small amount of Ir loading, the highly dispersed Ir species on In2 O3 increase the concentration of Ov sites and enhance the activity. By finely tuning the catalyst structure, Ir-In2 O3 with an Ir loading of 0.16 wt.% and pre-reduction treatment under 300°C exhibits the highest methanol yield of 146 mgCH3OH /(gcat ·hr). Characterizations of Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, CO2 -temperature programmed desorption and CO2 -pulse adsorption for the catalysts confirm that more Ov sites can be generated under higher reduction temperature, which will induce a facile CO2 adsorption and desorption cycle. Higher performance for methanol production requires an adequate dynamic balance among the surface oxygen atoms and vacancies, which guides us to find more suitable conditions for catalyst pretreatment and reaction., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2024
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40. Life Cycle Economic and Environmental Assessment of Producing Synthetic Jet Fuel Using CO 2 /Biomass Feedstocks.
- Author
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Saad DM, Terlouw T, Sacchi R, and Bauer C
- Subjects
- Switzerland, Carbon Dioxide, Biomass, Greenhouse Gases
- Abstract
The aviation industry is responsible for over 2% of global CO
2 emissions. Synthetic jet fuels generated from biogenic feedstocks could help reduce life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to petroleum-based fuels. This study assesses three processes for producing synthetic jet fuel via the synthesis of methanol using water and atmospheric CO2 or biomass. A life cycle assessment and cost analysis are conducted to determine GHG emissions, energy demand, land occupation, water depletion, and the cost of producing synthetic jet fuel in Switzerland. The results reveal that the pathway that directly hydrogenates CO2 to methanol exhibits the largest reductions in terms of GHG emission (almost 50%) compared to conventional jet fuel and the lowest production cost (7.86 EUR kgJF -1 ); however, its production cost is currently around 7 times higher than the petroleum-based counterpart. Electrical energy was found to be crucial in capturing CO2 and converting water into hydrogen, with the sourcing and processing of the feedstocks contributing to 79% of the electric energy demand. Furthermore, significant variations in synthetic jet fuel cost and GHG emissions were shown when the electricity source varies, such as utilizing grid electricity pertaining to different countries with distinct electricity mixes. Thus, upscaling synthetic jet fuels requires energy-efficient supply chains, sufficient feedstock, large amounts of additional (very) low-carbon energy capacity, suitable climate policy, and comprehensive environmental analyses.- Published
- 2024
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41. Unveiling the Role of Water in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis of Methanol Conversion for Efficient Hydrogen Production.
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Xiao M, Baktash A, Lyu M, Zhao G, Jin Y, and Wang L
- Abstract
Water molecules, which act as both solvent and reactant, play critical roles in photocatalytic reactions for methanol conversion. However, the influence of water on the adsorption of methanol and desorption of liquid products, which are two essential steps that control the performance in photocatalysis, has been well under-explored. Herein, we reveal the role of water in heterogeneous photocatalytic processes of methanol conversion on the platinized carbon nitride (Pt/C
3 N4 ) model photocatalyst. In situ spectroscopy techniques, isotope effects, and computational calculations demonstrate that water shows adverse effects on the adsorption of methanol molecules and desorption processes of methanol oxidation products on the surface of Pt/C3 N4 , significantly altering the reaction pathways in photocatalytic methanol conversion process. Guided by these discoveries, a photothermal-assisted photocatalytic system is designed to achieve a high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 2.3 %, which is among the highest values reported. This work highlights the important roles of solvents in controlling the adsorption/desorption behaviours of liquid-phase heterogeneous catalysis., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)- Published
- 2024
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42. Sustainable Electrochemical Benzylic C-H Oxidation Using MeOH as an Oxygen Source.
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Xue M, Pan T, Shao Z, Wang W, Li H, Zhao L, Zhou X, and Zhang Y
- Abstract
New methods and strategies for the direct oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds are highly desirable, owing to the importance of ketone motifs in significant organic transformations and the synthesis of valuable molecules, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fine chemicals. Herein, we describe an electrochemical benzylic C-H oxidation strategy for the synthesis of ketones using MeOH as an oxygen source. Inexpensive and safe KBr serves as both an electrolyte and a bromide radical precursor in the reaction. This transformation also offers several advantages such as mild conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and operational simplicity. Mechanistic investigations by control experiments, radical scavenging experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), kinetic studies, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy support a pathway involving the formation and transformation of benzyl methyl ether via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and single-electron transfer (SET). The practical application of our strategy is highlighted by the successful synthesis of five pharmaceuticals, namely lenperone, melperone, diphenhydramine, cinnarizine, and flunarizine., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
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- 2024
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43. In Situ Carbon-Confined MoSe 2 Catalyst with Heterojunction for Highly Selective CO 2 Hydrogenation to Methanol.
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Sun Y, Xiao L, and Wu W
- Abstract
The synthesis of methanol from CO
2 hydrogenation is an effective measure to deal with global climate change and an important route for the chemical fixation of CO2 . In this work, carbon-confined MoSe2 (MoSe2 @C) catalysts were prepared by in situ pyrolysis using glucose as a carbon source. The physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of CO2 hydrogenation to yield methanol were compared with MoSe2 and MoSe2 /C. The results of the structure characterization showed MoSe2 displayed few layers and a small particle size. Owing to the synergistic effect of the Mo2 C-MoSe2 heterojunction and in situ carbon doping, MoSe2 @C with a suitable C/Mo mole ratio in the precursor showed excellent catalytic performance in the synthesis of methanol from CO2 hydrogenation. Under the optimal catalyst MoSe2 @C-55, the selectivity of methanol reached 93.7% at a 9.7% conversion of CO2 under optimized reaction conditions, and its catalytic performance was maintained without deactivation during a continuous reaction of 100 h. In situ diffuse infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy studies suggested that formate and CO were the key intermediates in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.- Published
- 2024
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44. Performance of several clinical scoring systems as predictors of adverse outcomes in acute exposure to toxic alcohols.
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Sharif AF, Shaheen RS, Alsubaie DS, Alshabibi RA, Abusamak FW, AlNasser S, Al-Mulhim KA, and Abdelgawad II
- Abstract
Background: Toxic alcohols are chemicals with common metabolic characteristics resulting in severe morbidities and mortalities. The current study aimed to assess the efficacy of six scoring systems: The Poison Severity Score (PSS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), and Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) in stratifying the patients exposed to toxic alcohol based on liability of organ failure, prolonged hospital stay, and need for an antidote., Methods: A seven-year retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of adult patients admitted to a poison control center., Results: About 42.6% were complicated with adverse outcomes. Methanol was the worst toxic alcohol and the only cause of blindness and death. About 27.1% of methanol-exposed patients suffered from acute kidney injury, 15.3% suffered from hemodynamic instability and neurological dysfunction, and 8.5% suffered from respiratory failure. An APACHE II score above 8 was the best predictor of unfavorable outcomes, exhibiting the highest area under the curve (0.972), followed by the SOFA score. The APACHE II score was praised for being the best discriminator of an expected prolonged hospital stay. Yet, the simple scores, including RAPS and REMS, showed good performance as unfavorable outcome predictors with no significant variations to PSS, APACHE II score, and SOFA scores., Conclusion: The current study concluded that though the APACHE II and SOFA scores were superior to others, the RAPS and REMS are good, simple, and effective alternatives, particularly when resources are restricted., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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45. In vitro antileishmanial activities of hydro-methanolic crude extracts and solvent fractions of Clematis simensis fresen leaf, and Euphorbia abyssinica latex.
- Author
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Worku KM, Araya D, Tesfa H, Birru EM, Hailu A, and Aemero M
- Subjects
- Humans, Leishmania donovani drug effects, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Leishmania drug effects, Methanol, Solvents, Hemolysis drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Euphorbia chemistry, Latex pharmacology, Latex chemistry, Antiprotozoal Agents pharmacology, Plant Leaves chemistry
- Abstract
As a result of increasing drug resistance, crossover resistance development, prolonged therapy, and the absence of different agents with innovative methods for implementation, the efficacy of recent antileishmanial medications is severely declining. So, it is vital to look for other medications from botanical remedies that have antileishmanial activity. The latex of Euphorbia abyssinica (E abyssinica) and the leaves of Clematis simensis fresen (C simensis) were macerated in methanol (80%). In vitro antileishmanial activity of the preparation was tried on promastigotes of Leishmania aethiopica (L aethiopica) and Leishmania donovani (L donovani) using resazurin assay, and fluorescence intensity was measured. One percent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and media as negative control and amphotericin B as positive control were used. Additionally, hemolytic & phytochemical tests of the preparation were done. The mean and standard errors of each extract were evaluated and interpreted for statistical significance using one-way analysis of variance. From sigmoidal dose-response curves of % inhibition, half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by GraphPad Prism and Microsoft Excel; outcomes were presented as mean ± standard error of mean of triplicate trials. P < .05 was statistical significance. The phytochemical screening of C simensis and E abyssinica confirmed the existence of steroids, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids and glycosides. C simensis possesses antileishmanial activity with IC50 outcomes of 46.12 ± 0.03 and 8.18 ± 0.10 µg/mL on the promastigotes of L aethiopica and L donovani, respectively. However, E abyssinica showed stronger activity with IC50 outcomes of 16.07 ± 0.05 µg/mL and 4.82 ± 0.07 µg/mL on L aethiopica and L donovani, respectively. C simensis and E abyssinica have a less hemolytic effect on human red blood cells at low concentrations. The outcomes from this investigation demonstrated that the preparation of C simensis and E abyssinica indicated significant antileishmanial activity. Therefore, further in vivo assessment of antileishmanial, cytotoxicity activity and quantitative identification of secondary metabolites are highly recommended., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
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46. Breaking Continuously Packed Bimetallic Sites to Singly Dispersed on Nonmetallic Support for Efficient Hydrogen Production.
- Author
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Jiang T, Li Y, Tang Y, Zhang S, Le D, Rahman TS, and Tao F
- Abstract
We have synthesized Pt
1 Zn3 /ZnO, also termed 0.01 wt %Pt/ZnO-O2 -H2 , as a catalyst containing singly dispersed single-atom bimetallic sites, also called a catalyst of singly dispersed bimetallic sites or a catalyst of isolated single-atom bimetallic sites. Its catalytic activity in partial oxidation of methanol to hydrogen at 290 °C is found to be 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of Pt-Zn bimetallic nanoparticles supported on ZnO, 5.0 wt %Pt/ZnO-N2 -H2 . Selectivity for H2 on Pt1 Zn3 /ZnO reaches 96%-100% at 290-330 °C, arising from the uniform coordination environment of single-atom Pt1 in singly dispersed single-atom bimetallic sites, Pt1 Zn3 on 0.01 wt %Pt/ZnO-O2 -H2 , which is sharply different from various coordination environments of Pt atoms in coexisting Ptx Zny ( x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0) sites on Pt-Zn bimetallic nanoparticles. Computational simulations attribute the extraordinary catalytic performance of Pt1 Zn3 /ZnO to the stronger adsorption of methanol and the lower activation barriers in O-H dissociation of CH3 OH, C-H dissociations of CH2 O to CO, and coupling of intermediate CO with atomic oxygen to form CO2 on Pt1 Zn3 /ZnO as compared to those on Pt-Zn bimetallic nanoparticles. It demonstrates that anchoring uniform, isolated single-atom bimetallic sites , also called singly dispersed bimetallic sites on a nonmetallic support can create new catalysts for certain types of reactions with much higher activity and selectivity in contrast to bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts with coexisting, various metallic sites Mx Ay ( x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0). As these single-atom bimetallic sites are cationic and anchored on a nonmetallic support, the catalyst of singly dispersed single-atom bimetallic sites is different from a single-atom alloy nanoparticle catalyst. The critical role of the 0.01 wt %Pt in the extraordinary catalytic performance calls on fundamental studies of the profound role of a trace amount of a metal in heterogeneous catalysis.- Published
- 2024
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47. Application of microscopy and spectroscopy in investigating anti-cancer potential of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves.
- Author
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Bashir H, Sadia S, Saddiqe Z, Munir M, Bai X, Jia M, and Ahmad KS
- Subjects
- Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Antioxidants pharmacology, Microscopy, Plants, Methanol, Spectrum Analysis, Plant Leaves, Achyranthes chemistry, Antimitotic Agents
- Abstract
The genus Achyranthes belong to the family Amaranthaceae which constitutes an important group of herbs and shrubs with immense medicinal value. The present research work was conducted to investigate the anticancer potential of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves by focusing on the antioxidant, aniproliferative and antimitotic activities of leaf extracts. Plant extraction was carried out by soxhelt method with different solvents. Phytochemical characterization of the plants extracts using chemical methods identified the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, coumarins, proteins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenes. Alkaloid was present in methanolic and ethanolic extract. High performance liquid chromatography showed presence of different concentration of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol in different extracts with the highest concentration of myricetin (84.53 μg/mL) in n-butanolic extract. The extracts were then tested for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay by spectrophotometric method. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, antioxidant activity of A. aspera ranged between 79.78 ± 0.034% and 58.63 ± 0.069%. Highest antioxidant activity was observed for methanolic extract and lowest for acetone. Antimitotic activity was determined by using Allium cepa assay in which microscopic investigation was carried out to observe normal and abnormal phases of mitosis. In this assay, n-butanolic extract had highest antimitotic activity with minimum mitotic index at 2 mg/mL (57 ± 0.0351%). The plant extracts also caused chromosomal and mitotic aberrations which were clearly observed under 40× and 100× magnification of compound microscope. Antiproliferative activity was determined by using yeast cell model in which light microscope with hemocytometer was used for cell counting. In case of Antiproliferative activity, the ethyl acetate extract of A. aspera had highest antiproliferative activity with lowest cell viability (22.14 ± 0.076%) at highest extract concentration (2 mg/mL) while methanol extract of A. aspera had highest antiproliferative activity with lower cell viability (24.24 ± 0.057%) at lowest extract concentration (0.25 mg/mL). The results of the study indicated that the leaves extract of A. aspera have strong potential to be used as a source of anti-cancer agent. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Achyranthes aspera L. leaves have various phytochemicals which contribute to its medicinal properties Various extracts of the leaves of A. aspera L. possess antioxidant, antimitotic and antiproliferative potential The results of the study indicated that the leaves extract of A. aspera have strong potential to be used as a source of anti-cancer agent., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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48. Solvent effect on the detection of peptides and proteins by nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Anomalous behavior of aqueous 2-propanol.
- Author
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Ninomiya S, Rankin-Turner S, Akashi S, and Hiraoka K
- Subjects
- Solvents, Proteins, Mass Spectrometry, Peptides, Water, Methanol, 1-Propanol, 2-Propanol
- Abstract
To investigate the solvent effect on the detection of peptides and proteins, nanoelectrospray mass spectra were measured for mixtures of 1 % acetic acid and 5 × 10
-6 M gramicidin S (G), ubiquitin (U), and cytochrome c (C) in water (W), methanol (MeOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), acetonitrile (AcN), and 2-propanol (2-PrOH). Although doubly protonated G (G2+) and multiply protonated U (Un+) and C (Cn+) were readily detected with a wide range of mixing ratios of W solutions for MeOH, 1-PrOH, and AcN, Cn+ was totally suppressed for the solutions with mixing ratios (v/v) of W/2-PrOH (50/50) and (70/30). However, denatured Cn+ started to be detected with W/2-PrOH (90/10) together with Gn+ (n = 1, 2) and native Un+ (n = 6-8). At the mixing ratio of W/2-PrOH (95/5), native Cn+ (n = 7-10) together with Gn+ (n = 1, 2) and native Un+ (n = 6-8) were detected with high ion intensities. The use of W/2-PrOH (95/5) is profitable because it enables the detection of native proteins with high detection sensitivities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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49. Phytochemical investigation, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Tunisian medicinal Tamarix africana Poir .
- Author
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Karker M, Oueslati S, Falleh H, Msaada K, Legault J, Abdelly C, Pichette A, and Ksouri R
- Subjects
- Humans, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antioxidants chemistry, Hexanes, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Methanol, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Water, Tamaricaceae chemistry, Adenocarcinoma, Colonic Neoplasms
- Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate Tunisian Tamarix africana Poir biological activities. In this study, novel biological activities of the shoot extracts related to their phenolics investigated. Secondary metabolite contents, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of four extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water) were investigated. Antioxidant activities were assessed via in vitro and ex vivo assays. Besides, anticancer activity was investigated against human lung carcinoma (A-549) and colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cells. The anti-inflammatory ability was evaluated via inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines. Methanol and water extracts displayed the highest antioxidant (IC
50 = 3.3 and 4.3 µg/mL respectively), which are correlated activities correlated with phenolic contents. Hexane extract exhibited an important anti-inflammatory effect inhibiting NO ability by 100% at 80 µg/mL. Besides, T. africana extracts were found to be active against A-549 lung carcinoma cells with IC50 values ranging from 20 to 34 µg/mL. These results suggested that T. africana is considered as a potential source of readily accessible natural molecules with a promising effect on human health and diseases.- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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50. Common laboratory organic solvents are better medium for molecular detection of RNA viruses using PCR.
- Author
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Singh P, Banegar MT, Lobo RA, and Mukherjee S
- Subjects
- Humans, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype genetics, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype isolation & purification, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, RNA Viruses genetics, RNA Viruses isolation & purification, Methanol, COVID-19 diagnosis, COVID-19 virology, Acetone, Solvents, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, RNA, Viral genetics
- Abstract
Purpose: The unavailability of recommended viral transport medium during epidemics of respiratory viral infections is a substantial healthcare concern. It may prompt the use of alternatives, which may give rise to results with questionable validity. The present study was carried out to assess and validate the utility of commonly available solvents in the hospital/healthcare set-ups which may be used as ready and economical alternatives to commercial VTMs., Methods: To evaluate the readily available solvents as an alternative to VTM, cell culture supernatant of pH1N1 2009 isolate with HA titres of 1:4 and extracted viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 were spiked in a 1:10 ratio in ethanol, acetone, methanol and were compared to commercially available VTM for detection of influenza virus by real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The tubes were kept at room temperature 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Ct values of the various solvents at different time points were compared and statistical analysis was performed using Python., Results: The Ct values of the Influenza and SARS-CoV2 viral genes in each solvent were maintained for 3 days at room temperatures, suggesting viral samples were stably preserved in the solvent for 3 days., Conclusion: Methanol was found to be the most promising solvent for increasing the stability of viral RNA thereby enhancing the molecular diagnosis of the concerned pathogen., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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