8 results on '"Medri IM"'
Search Results
2. Search for Mycobacterium leprae in wild mammals.
- Author
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Pedrini SC, Rosa PS, Medri IM, Mourão G, Bagagli E, and Lopes CA
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Mycobacterium leprae genetics, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Animals, Wild microbiology, Armadillos microbiology, Disease Reservoirs microbiology, Leprosy microbiology, Mycobacterium leprae isolation & purification
- Abstract
Leprosy is still a worldwide public health problem. Brazil and India show the highest prevalence rates of the disease. Natural infection of armadillos Dasypus novemcinctus with Mycobacterium leprae has been reported in some regions of the United States. Identification of bacilli is difficult, particularly due to its inability to grow in vitro. The use of molecular tools represents a fast and sensitive alternative method for diagnosis of mycobacteriosis. In the present study, the diagnostic methods used were bacilloscopy, histopathology, microbiology, and PCR using specific primers for M. leprae repetitive sequences. PCR were performed using genomic DNA extracted from 138 samples of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and skin of 44 D. novemcinctus, Euphractus sexcinctus, Cabassous unicinctus, and C. tatouay armadillos from the Middle Western region of the state of São Paulo and from the experimental station of Embrapa Pantanal, located in Pantanal da Nhecolândia of Mato Grosso do Sul state. Also, the molecular analysis of 19 samples from internal organs of other road killed species of wild animals, such as Nasua nasua (ring-tailed coati), Procyon cancrivoros (hand-skinned), Cerdocyon thous (dog-pity-bush), Cavia aperea (restless cavy), Didelphis albiventris (skunk), Sphigurrus spinosus (hedgehog), and Gallictis vittata (ferret) showed PCR negative data. None of the 157 analyzed samples had shown natural mycobacterial infection. Only the armadillo inoculated with material collected from untreated multibacillary leprosy patient presented PCR positive and its genomic sequencing revealed 100% identity with M. leprae. According to these preliminary studies, based on the used methodology, it is possible to conclude that wild mammals seem not to play an important role in the epidemiology of leprosy in the Middle Western region of the São Paulo state and in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul state.
- Published
- 2010
3. B-mode, Doppler, and Elastography abdominal ultrasound in Tamandua tetradactyla.
- Author
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Carneiro RK, Matos AS, Giustina RD, Dos Santos KA, Rovaris BC, da Cruz ICK, and de Moraes AN
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Abdomen diagnostic imaging, Ultrasonography, Doppler veterinary, Ultrasonography veterinary, Liver diagnostic imaging, Elasticity Imaging Techniques veterinary
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the normal B-mode, Doppler, and 2D Shear Wave Elastography ultrasonographic findings of some abdominal structures in a six-month-old male Southern Tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla). The animal was found and rescued by the environmental police after being discovered in the wild near its mother, who had died in a car accident. For the ultrasonographic exams, the animal's abdominal region was shaved, and only physical restraint was used. In the B-mode exam, the urinary bladder, small intestine, kidneys, left adrenal gland, stomach, liver, and gallbladder were located and evaluated. Doppler examination obtained spectral tracings of the arcuate and renal arteries of both kidneys. Elastography assessed the stiffness of the renal cortex, liver, and spleen. The ultrasound examination provided an adequate evaluation and novel findings of the Southern Tamandua abdominal structures without invasiveness., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. DISEASES OF THE GIANT ANTEATER ( MYRMECOPHAGA TRIDACTYLA ) IN CAPTIVITY: STUDY OF MEDICAL DATA FROM 99 INDIVIDUALS IN EUROPEAN ZOOS.
- Author
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Roch C, Rivière J, Schappert I, and Arné P
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Digestion, Vermilingua, Xenarthra
- Abstract
The giant anteater ( Myrmecophaga tridactyla ) is one of the three species in the family Myrmecophagidae of the suborder Vermilingua. It is the only species of the genus Myrmecophaga . The species, subject to increasing threats in its natural environment, is classified as vulnerable on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. European zoos are involved in the ex situ conservation of the giant anteater, which is essential for its long-term viability. However, the diseases encountered by European captive populations of giant anteaters are not well documented, and best practice guidelines are not yet available for the species. An online two-part survey was conducted among European institutions hosting or having housed anteaters over a 20-yr period concerning the current management of captive populations and the diseases encountered. Medical data were collected from 99 giant anteaters from 30 institutions. Among the study population, 4% of the individuals were born in the wild and 96% were born in captivity. Seventy animals (71%) were still alive at the time of data collection, with an average age of 8 yr. A predominance of digestive (20%), dermatologic (20%)-with mainly wounds-and internal parasitism (18%) disorders was observed, followed by behavioral (13%), musculoskeletal (12%), respiratory (11%), nutritional (10%), and ocular (9%) disorders. Mortality mainly concerns the most extreme age categories: very young individuals, mostly secondary to trauma, and older individuals with no main cause identified. This paper details all the medical conditions reported in the European captive giant anteaters included in the study. It allows us to formulate some medical and zootechnical recommendations for the species management and to envisage new research perspectives.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Food preference of nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, Linnaeus, 1758) under human care.
- Author
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Pinke Testa CAE, Rosa PS, de Castro TFN, Sartori MMP, Hippólito AG, Silva MBG, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC, and Melchert A
- Subjects
- Cattle, Humans, Animals, Dogs, Armadillos, Food Preferences
- Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the food preference of nine banded armadillos kept in captivity, exposed to four different diets: Diet 1 (D1) - dry dog food and ground beef; Diet 2 (D2) - dry dog food, ground beef, and chicken eggs; Diet 3 (D3) - dog food, ground beef, bananas, and papaya; Diet 4 (D4) - dog food, ground beef, chicken eggs, banana, and papaya. To this end, an experiment was carried out for five weeks, the first four of which were for preliminary management and the fifth week for data collection. Frequency of consumption, total intake for each diet, and intake ratio were evaluated. The dietary preference was higher for the diets with a higher protein percentage (D1 and D2), mainly D2, which presented increased demand and intake starting on the fourth day of observation. In second day of observation, D1 presented the higher intake ratio, but D2 gradually replaced it. The diet containing the lowest protein rate (D3) was the least favored on all observation days and evaluations. In conclusion, the food preference of ex-situ armadillos seems to be related to the inclusion of greater amounts of protein, particularly that of animal origin, with eggs being the most appreciated ingredient in this study., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Functional or Vestigial? The Genomics of the Pineal Gland in Xenarthra.
- Author
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Valente R, Alves F, Sousa-Pinto I, Ruivo R, and Castro LFC
- Subjects
- Animals, Armadillos, Genome, Genomics, Pineal Gland, Xenarthra
- Abstract
Vestigial organs are historical echoes of past phenotypes. Determining whether a specific organ constitutes a functional or vestigial structure can be a challenging task, given that distinct levels of atrophy may arise between and within lineages. The mammalian pineal gland, an endocrine organ involved in melatonin biorhythmicity, represents a classic example, often yielding contradicting anatomical observations. In Xenarthra (sloths, anteaters, and armadillos), a peculiar mammalian order, the presence of a distinct pineal organ was clearly observed in some species (i.e., Linnaeus's two-toed sloth), but undetected in other closely related species (i.e., brown-throated sloth). In the nine-banded armadillo, contradicting evidence supports either functional or vestigial scenarios. Thus, to untangle the physiological status of the pineal gland in Xenarthra, we used a genomic approach to investigate the evolution of the gene hub responsible for melatonin synthesis and signaling. We show that both synthesis and signaling compartments are eroded and were probably lost independently among Xenarthra orders. Additionally, by expanding our analysis to 157 mammal genomes, we offer a comprehensive view showing that species with very distinctive habitats and lifestyles have convergently evolved a similar phenotype: Cetacea, Pholidota, Dermoptera, Sirenia, and Xenarthra. Our findings suggest that the recurrent inactivation of melatonin genes correlates with pineal atrophy and endorses the use of genomic analyses to ascertain the physiological status of suspected vestigial structures., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Molecular phylogenetic study in Spirocercidae (Nematoda) with description of a new species Spirobakerus sagittalis sp. nov. in wild canid Cerdocyon thous from Brazil.
- Author
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Nascimento Gomes AP, Dos Santos MM, Olifiers N, do Val Vilela R, Guimarães Beltrão M, Maldonado Júnior A, and de Oliveira Simões R
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, DNA, Helminth genetics, Female, Male, Species Specificity, Spirurida Infections parasitology, Spiruroidea cytology, Spiruroidea genetics, Canidae parasitology, Phylogeny, Spirurida Infections veterinary, Spiruroidea classification
- Abstract
The nematode family Spirocercidae Chitwood and Wehr, 1932, comprises three subfamilies, Spirocercinae Chitwood and Wehr, 1932; Ascaropsinae Alicata and McIntosh, 1933; and Mastophorinae Quentin, 1970, which occur worldwide. Spirocercids infect canids and can cause severe illness. The crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), is a canid that inhabits most of South America, including Brazil and is a host for several parasitic worms, in particular, nematodes. However, few reports or genetic data are available on the spirocercids found in this host. In the present study, we describe a new species of Spirobakerus Chabaud and Bain 1981, from the intestine of two crab-eating foxes from two different biomes in Brazil. Spirobakerus sagittalis sp. nov. presents a) unequal spicules, with a long, thin left spicule with a lanceolated shape at the tip; b) a pair of sessile papillae and a median unpaired papillae located anteriorly of the cloaca, and c) a tuft without spines at the tip of the tail in females. The molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. sagittalis sp. nov. is basal to the other species of the subfamily Ascaropsinae, which was not recovered as monophyletic. Our phylogenies also indicated that Spirocercidae is paraphyletic, given that Mastophorinae did not group with Ascaropsinae and Spirocercinae. We provide the first molecular data on the genus Spirobakerus and expand the molecular database of the spirocercids. However, further studies, including the sequences of other spirocercid taxa, are still needed to infer the relationships within this family more accurately.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN 36 SLOTHS FROM BRAZIL.
- Author
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Arenales A, Silva FL, Miranda F, Brandão Guedes PE, Werther K, Loyola Teixeira da Costa ME, Tinoco HP, Coelho CM, and Santos RL
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Gastrointestinal Diseases parasitology, Gastrointestinal Diseases pathology, Hemochromatosis epidemiology, Hemochromatosis pathology, Mastocytosis, Systemic diagnosis, Mastocytosis, Systemic pathology, Pneumonia, Bacterial microbiology, Pneumonia, Bacterial pathology, Gastrointestinal Diseases veterinary, Hemochromatosis veterinary, Mastocytosis, Systemic veterinary, Nematoda isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Bacterial veterinary, Sloths
- Abstract
Sloths are xenarthrans from Central and South America with a highly adapted morphophysiology. Five of the six known species of sloths are found in Brazil, among which Bradypus torquatus (maned three-toed sloth) is considered a vulnerable species by International Union for Conservation of Nature. Nevertheless, knowledge on health and disease of sloths is very scarce, thus this study aimed to describe macroscopic and microscopic findings in 36 Brazilian sloths. The most common findings included iron storage disorder, probable bacterial pneumonia, gastric and intestinal nematode parasitism, and a presumptive diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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