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The authors describe surgical occlusion with levator resection and partial tarsorrhaphy as a treatment for nystagmus with oscillopsia refractory to medical or surgical therapies. This was a case of Bardet-Biedl syndrome with high myopia and acquired sensory pendular nystagmus in both eyes, where a well-known technique was applied to a novel indication. Permanent occlusion of the left eye led to significant improvement in visual acuity and reduced oscillopsia, enhancing the psychological and social functioning. This case highlights the complexity of treating refractory nystagmus with oscillopsia and proposes surgical occlusion as a viable option for improving patient outcomes in severe cases. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2024;61(6):e63-e65.] .

Purpose: To report a case of a Henle fiber layer hemorrhage as the initial manifestation of Factor V Leiden disease., Methods: Case report and literature review., Results: A healthy 19-year-old patient presented with a spontaneous Henle fiber layer (HFL) hemorrhage. The genetic analysis showed a previously unknown homozygous Factor V Leiden Mutation. No specific treatment was given due to the patient's good visual acuity and favorable prognosis, but the diagnosis of a Factor V Leiden mutation enabled a correct therapeutic management to be followed by the patient., Conclusion: Advances in eye imaging allow to detect ocular findings that may lead to an early diagnosis and treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a HFL hemorrhage as the initial manifestation of Factor V Leiden disease. Further research is needed to identify the pathways linking these findings., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

During deposition, modification, and etching of thin films and nanomaterials in reactive plasmas, many active species can interact with the sample simultaneously. This includes reactive neutrals formed by fragmentation of the feed gas, positive ions, and electrons generated by electron-impact ionization of the feed gas and fragments, excited states (in particular, long-lived metastable species), and photons produced by spontaneous de-excitation of excited atoms and molecules. Notably, some of these species can be transiently present during the different phases of plasma processing, such as etching of thin layer deposition. To monitor plasma-surface interactions during materials processing, a new system combining beams of neutral atoms, positive ions, UV photons, and a magnetron plasma source has been developed. This system is equipped with a unique ensemble of in-plasma surface characterization tools, including (1) a Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometer (RBS), (2) an Elastic Recoil Detector (ERD), and (3) a Raman spectroscopy system. RBS and ERD analyses are carried out using a differentially pumped 1.7 MV ion beam line Tandetron accelerator generating a beam at grazing incidence. The ERD system is equipped with an absorber and is specifically used to detect H initially bonded to the surface; higher resolution of surface H is also available through nuclear reaction analysis. In parallel, an optical port facing the substrate is used to perform Raman spectroscopy analysis of the samples during plasma processing. This system enables fast monitoring of a few Raman peaks over nine points scattered on a 1.6 × 1.6 mm2 surface without interference from the inherent light emitted by the plasma. Coupled to the various plasma and beam sources, the unique set of in-plasma surface characterization tools detailed in this study can provide unique time-resolved information on the modification induced by plasma. By using the ion beam analysis capability, the atomic concentrations of various elements in the near-surface (e.g., stoichiometry and impurity content) can be monitored in real-time during plasma deposition or etching. On the other hand, the evolution of Raman peaks as a function of plasma processing time can contribute to a better understanding of the role of low-energy ions in defect generation in irradiation-sensitive materials, such as monolayer graphene., (© 2023 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)

Dengue vaccine trials have revealed deficits in our understanding of the mechanisms of protective immunity, demonstrating a need to measure epitope-specific antibody responses against each DENV serotype. HmAb 5J7 binds to a complex, 3-monomer spanning quaternary epitope in the DENV3 envelope (E) protein, but it is unclear whether all interactions are needed for neutralization. Structure guided design and reverse genetics were used to sequentially transplant larger portions of the DENV3-specific 5J7 mAb epitope into dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV4). We observed complete binding and neutralization only when the entire 3 monomer spanning epitope was transplanted into DENV4, providing empirical proof that cooperative monomer-hmAb 5J7 interactions maximize activity. The rDENV4/3 virus containing the most expanded 5J7 epitope was also significantly more sensitive than WT DENV4 to neutralization by DENV3 primary immune sera. We conclude that the hinge-spanning region of the 5J7 quaternary epitope is a target for serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies after DENV3 infection.

The efficacy of existing therapies and the discovery of innovative treatments for central nervous system (CNS) diseases have been limited by the lack of appropriate methods to investigate complex molecular processes at the synaptic level. To improve our capability to investigate complex mechanisms of synaptic signaling and remodeling, we designed a fluorescence hyperspectral imaging platform to simultaneously track different subtypes of individual neurotransmitter receptors trafficking in and out of synapses. This imaging platform allows simultaneous image acquisition of at least five fluorescent markers in living neurons with a high-spatial resolution. We used quantum dots emitting at different wavelengths and functionalized to specifically bind to single receptors on the membrane of living neurons. The hyperspectral imaging platform enabled the simultaneous optical tracking of five different synaptic proteins, including subtypes of glutamate receptors (mGluR and AMPAR) and postsynaptic signaling proteins. It also permitted the quantification of their mobility after treatments with various pharmacological agents. This technique provides an efficient method to monitor several synaptic proteins at the same time, which could accelerate the screening of effective compounds for treatment of CNS disorders.

The intrinsic near-infrared photoluminescence (fluorescence) of single-walled carbon nanotubes exhibits unique photostability, narrow bandwidth, penetration through biological media, environmental sensitivity, and both chromatic variety and range. Biomedical applications exploiting this large family of fluorophores will require the spectral and spatial resolution of individual (n,m) nanotube species' fluorescence and its modulation within live cells and tissues, which is not possible with current microscopy methods. We present a wide-field hyperspectral approach to spatially delineate and spectroscopically measure single nanotube fluorescence in living systems. This approach resolved up to 17 distinct (n,m) species (chiralities) with single nanotube spatial resolution in live mammalian cells, murine tissues ex vivo, and zebrafish endothelium in vivo. We anticipate that this approach will facilitate multiplexed nanotube imaging in biomedical applications while enabling deep-tissue optical penetration, and single-molecule resolution in vivo.

We present the design of a confocal microscope adapted for optical spectroscopy and imaging at cryogenic temperatures. This system is based on the existing approach of partly inserting the optical components of the microscope inside a helium-bath cryostat. It provides a spatial resolution approaching the diffraction limit with a mechanical stability allowing uninterrupted integration times exceeding 10 h and allows keeping track of a single emitter for unlimited periods of time. Furthermore, our design allows scanning the excitation spot and detection area independently of the sample position. This feature provides the means to perform probeless transport experiments on one-dimensional nanostructures. The scanning capabilities of this microscope are fully detailed and characterized using the photoluminescence of single nitrogen dyads at 4.5 K.

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is an unusual spindle cell tumor occurring on actinically damaged skin of the head and neck. Clinically, it is often confused with basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or even melanoma. Although initially thought to be a diagnosis of exclusion histologically, newer immunostains have helped in the identification of AFX. Mohs micrographic surgery has been utilized for the treatment due to its tissue sparing ability along with lower recurrence rate.

The effect of additional doping of charge impurities was investigated in a ferromagnetic semiconductor Zn1-xCrxTe. It was found that the doping of iodine, which is expected to act as an n-type dopant in ZnTe, brought about a drastic enhancement of the ferromagnetism in Zn1-xCrxTe, while the grown films remained electrically insulating. In particular, at a fixed Cr composition of x=0.05, the ferromagnetic transition temperature TC increased up to 300 K at maximum due to the iodine doping from TC=30 K of the undoped counterpart, while the ferromagnetism disappeared due to the doping of nitrogen as a p-type dopant. The observed systematic correlation of ferromagnetism with the doping of charge impurities of both the p and n type, suggesting a key role of the position of Fermi level within the impurity d state, is discussed on the basis of the double-exchange interaction as a mechanism of ferromagnetism in this material.