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Background: Cervical cancer screening is effective in reducing mortality due to uterine cervical cancer (UCC). However, inequalities in participation in UCC screening exist, especially according to age and social status. Considering the current situation in France regarding the ongoing organized UCC screening campaign, we aimed to assess general practitioners' (GPs) and gynaecologists' preferences for actions designed to reduce screening inequalities., Methods: French physicians' preferences to UCC screening modalities was assessed using a discrete choice experiment. A national cross-sectional questionnaire was sent between September and October 2014 to 500 randomly selected physicians, and numerically to all targeted physicians working in the French region Midi-Pyrénées. Practitioners were offered 11 binary choices of organized screening scenarios in order to reduce inequalities in UCC screening participation. Each scenario was based on five attributes corresponding to five ways to enhance participation in UCC screening while reducing screening inequalities., Results: Among the 123 respondents included, practitioners voted for additional interventions targeting non-screened women overall (p <  0.05), including centralized invitations sent from a central authority and involving the mentioned attending physician, or providing attending physicians with the lists of unscreened women among their patients. However, they rejected the specific targeting of women over 50 years old (p <  0.01) or living in deprived areas (p <  0.05). Only GPs were in favour of allowing nurses to perform Pap smears, but both GPs and gynaecologists rejected self-collected oncogenic papillomavirus testing., Conclusions: French practitioners tended to value the traditional principle of universalism. As well as rejecting self-collected oncogenic papillomavirus testing, their reluctance to support the principle of proportionate universalism relying on additional interventions addressing differences in socioeconomic status needs further evaluation. As these two concepts have already been recommended as secondary development leads for the French national organized screening campaign currently being implemented, the adherence of practitioners and the adaptation of these concepts are necessary conditions for reducing inequalities in health care.

The therapeutic education of patients and their close relations is, as yet, poorly developed in France in the field of oncology. Total laryngectomy is a mutilating surgical procedure having a major impact on the patient's life, due to its physical and functional sequelae. Its psychosocial consequences are also important and alter the quality of life of patients and their close relations. Currently, care for laryngectomised patients consists essentially in informing and educating them on some technical procedures during hospital admission. The intervention of a speech therapist, often serves as the link between the patient and the hospital care team. These healthcare modalities often insufficiently account for the social, environmental and personal factors that interact in health-related problems. This report presents the therapeutic education programme protocol "PETAL" for laryngectomised patients and their close relations to improve their quality of life. The trial will be conducted over three phases: (1) the "pilot" phase aims at developing knowledge on the consequences of laryngectomy on the quality of life of patients and their close relations and developed a pluridisciplinary therapeutic education program, (2) the prospective intervention "replication" phase aims at evaluating the programme's transferability in three centres and (3) the cluster-randomised multicentric comparative intervention phase, will assess the benefits of the developed programme. Phase I identified nine themes of workshops related to therapeutic education, training and coordination of care. The developed programme should reinforce town-hospital links to improve help, follow-up and support for patients and their close relations.

Developed for radionuclide standardization using liquid scintillation, the Triple to Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) method is applied using coincidence counting obtained with a specific three-photomultiplier system. For activity determination, a statistical model of light emission is classically used to establish a relation between the detection efficiency and the experimental TDCR value. At LNE-LNHB, a stochastic approach of the TDCR modeling was developed using the Monte Carlo code Geant4. The interest of this TDCR-Geant4 model is the possibility to simulate the propagation of optical photons from their creation in the scintillation vial to the production of photoelectrons in photomultipliers. As an alternative to the use of radionuclide sources, first TDCR measurements are presented using a miniature x-ray tube closely coupled to the scintillation vial. The objective of this new set-up was to enable low-energy depositions (lower than 20 keV) in liquid scintillator in order to study the influence of both time and geometrical dependence between PMTs already observed with radioactive sources. As for the statistical TDCR model, the non-linearity of light emission is implemented in the TDCR-Geant4 model using the Birks formula which depends on the kB factor and the scintillation yield. Measurements performed with the x-ray tube are extended to the assessment of these parameters and they are tested afterwards in the TDCR-Geant4 model for activity measurements of (3)H., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Young women are confronted with the same consequences of cancer as older women are. In addition, they face problems specifically related to their age, such as their children's education and their family responsibilities, marital relationships, and career issues., Objective: The objective was to identify the functioning profiles of young couples confronted with hormone therapy., Methods: This study was both qualitative and dyadic. Interviews with 11 couples revealed 5 themes., Results: Initially, the partners reported increased intimacy and mutual support; however, during hormone therapy, a divergence developed between the patients and their partners. The partners wished for the couple to resume a normal life. The patients' loved ones, also helpful in the beginning, were tempted to promote this resumption of normalcy, with the risk that the patients' suffering would no longer be acknowledged. The risk of cancer recurrence appeared to immobilize the patients, who were unable to adopt a long-term perspective. Finally, the experience of the disease led the participants to reorganize their priorities and promoted self-centering., Conclusions: Breast cancer affects both the patient and her loved ones. Future research should focus on qualitative extensions to other stages of cancer treatment and quantitative studies to measure the phenomena revealed in the current work., Implications for Practice: Cancer and its treatment have impacts on the patient and her marriage; therefore, the focus for the clinical care should be on the couple rather than just the patient. Additionally, our findings suggest new areas of psychological dyadic counseling for cancer patients and their partners.

A CMOS active pixel sensor, originally designed for the tracking of minimum ionising charged particles in high-energy physics, has been recently used for the detection of fast neutrons. Data were taken at the IRSN Cadarache facility with a (241)Am-Be ISO source and a polyethylene radiator. A high-intrinsic efficiency (1.2 x 10(-3)) has been obtained. It is in good agreement with both calculations and a MCNPX Monte Carlo simulation. This experiment paves the way for a fully electronic personal neutron dosemeter.

The diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a field of emerging interest to a wide variety of professionals, including dentists. OSAS is now widely recognized as a common clinical disorder with potentially life-threatening consequences. The syndrome is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep. The most prominent clinical manifestations are loud snoring during sleep and daytime hypersomnelence. Bypassing the area of obstruction with a tracheostomy results in an improvement in clinical symptoms. The dentist's role may be to fit a simple mechanical device for anterior repositioning of the mandible, which recently has been introduced as a less invasive mode of treatment, when the cause is functional rather than anatomical.

Matched controls are used to identify differences in facial morphology related to the severe crowding in patients treated with serial extraction or early extraction of bicuspids.