Search

Qu-aroma is of great significance for evaluation the quality of Daqu starter. This study aimed to decode the Qu-aroma of medium-temperature Daqu (MT-Daqu) via "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches. Firstly, 52 aroma descriptors were defined to describe the MT-Daqu aroma by quantitative descriptive analysis. Secondly, 193 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified from 42 MT-Daqu samples by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and 43 dominant VOCs were screened out by frequence of occurrence or abundance. By Thin Film (TF)-SPME-GC-O-MS, 27 odors and 90 VOCs were detected in MT-Daqu mixture, and 14 odor-active VOCs were screened out by odor intensity. Thirdly, a five-level MT-Daqu aroma wheel was constructed by matching 52 aroma descriptors and 37 aroma-active VOCs. Finally, Qu-aroma of MT-Daqu was reconstructed with 37 aroma-active VOCs and evaluated by omission experiments. Hereinto, 26 key aroma-active VOCs were determined by OAV value ≥1, including isovaleric acid, 1-hexanol, isovaleraldehyde, 2-octanone, trimethylpyrazine, γ-nonalactone, 4-vinylguaiacol, etc., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Context.—: Autopsies performed on COVID-19 patients have provided critical information about SARS-CoV-2's tropism, mechanisms of tissue injury, and spectrum of disease., Objective.—: To provide an updated database of postmortem disease in COVID-19 patients, assess relationships among clinical and pathologic variables, evaluate the accuracy of death certification, and correlate disease variables to causes of death., Design.—: The 272 postmortem examinations reported in this paper were submitted by 14 pathologists from 9 medical or forensic institutions across the United States. The study spans the eras of the 3 principal COVID-19 strains and incorporates surveyed demographic, clinical, and postmortem data from decedents infected with SARS-CoV-2, including primary and contributing causes of death. It is the largest database of its kind to date., Results.—: Demographics of the decedents reported here correspond well to national statistics. Primary causes of death as determined by autopsy and official death certificates were significantly correlated. When specifically cited disease conditions found at autopsy were correlated with COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 deaths, only lung findings characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 infection or the absence of lung findings were significantly associated., Conclusions.—: Changes in hospitalization and disease likely stem from longer lifespans after COVID-19 diagnosis and alteration in treatment approaches. Although Omicron variants preferentially replicate in the upper airways, autopsied patients who died of COVID-19 in that time period showed the same lung damage as earlier decedents. Most importantly, findings suggest that there are still unelucidated risk factors for death from COVID-19 including possibly genetic susceptibility., Competing Interests: The authors have no relevant financial interest in the products or companies described in this article., (© 2024 College of American Pathologists.)

Cadmium (Cd) is a typical heavy metal contaminant along China coasts. Clams Ruditapes philippinarum are widely distributed in multiple climatic zones. However, few research has been conducted on the different responses to Cd in clams from different climatic zones. In this study, the temperate zone Bohai Sea (BS) and tropical zone South China Sea (SCS) clams exhibited distinct background metabolome profiles, characterized by different strategies of osmotic regulation, energy metabolism, and anaerobiosis tendencies, suggesting different tolerance and enrichment capacities to Cd. After Cd treatments, the BS clams demonstrated quicker and higher accumulations of Cd than the SCS clams. Despite differences in their background metabolomes, both BS and SCS clams displayed similar metabolomic responses to Cd, such as anaerobiosis inhibition and increased energy demands. Overall, these findings suggested that the inconsistency of biological responses induced by geographic conditions should be considered in ecotoxicological studies. CAPSULE ABSTRACT: This study elucidated the biological differences in clams Ruditapes philippinarum from the Bohai Sea and South China Sea, and the metabolomic responses in these two clam populations after Cd (200 μg/L) treatments., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Numerous studies have reported that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) (bioactive metabolite of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) has inhibitory effects on Leydig cells. This study aims to prepare an oyster peptide-zinc complex (PEP-Zn) to alleviate MEHP-induced damage in Leydig cells. Zinc-binding peptides were obtained through the following processes: zinc-immobilized affinity chromatography (IMAC-Zn 2+ ), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology (LC-MS/MS) analysis, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and structural characterization. Then, the Zn-binding peptide (PEP) named Glu-His-Ala-Pro-Asn-His-Asp-Asn-Pro-Gly-Asp-Leu (EHAPNHDNPGDL) was identified. EHAPNHDNPGDL showed the highest zinc-chelating ability of 49.74 ± 1.44%, which was higher than that of the ethanol-soluble oyster peptides (27.50 ± 0.41%). In the EHAPNHDNPGDL-Zn complex, Asn-5, Asp-7, Asn-8, His-2, and Asp-11 played an important role in binding to the zinc ion. Additionally, EHAPNHDNPGDL-Zn was found to increase the cell viability, significantly increase the relative activity of antioxidant enzymes and testosterone content, and decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) content in MEHP-induced TM3 cells. The results also indicated that EHAPNHDNPGDL-Zn could alleviate MEHP-induced apoptosis by reducing the protein level of p53, p21, and Bax, and increasing the protein level of Bcl-2. These results indicate that the zinc-chelating peptides derived from oyster peptides could be used as a potential dietary zinc supplement.

Finely tuning the pore structure of traditional nanofiltration (NF) membranes is challenging but highly effective for achieving efficient separations. Herein, we propose a concept of using macrocyclic amines (1,4,7-triazacyclononane, 3A; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, 4A1; and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, 4A2) with different intra-annular apertures to finely modulate the pore structure of microporous membranes via interfacial polymerization (IP). The boost in the intracavity size of the building blocks results in heightened steric hindrance of these amine monomers, leading to a controlled increase in membrane pore size, as demonstrated by both film characterizations and multiscale simulations. In conjunction with the increased intracavity size, the water permeability follows an augmented trend of 3A-TMC, 4A1-TMC, and 4A2-TMC (TMC: trimesoyl chloride) while exhibiting increased molecular weight cut-offs due to larger free-volume elements and stronger pore interconnectivity. Our proposed macrocyclic amine design strategy provides a guideline for finely regulated microporous membranes with high potential in NF-related applications.

Magnesium alloys with a high volume fraction of secondary phases exhibit inferior formability. Therefore, investigating their thermal deformation characteristics is critical for optimizing thermal processing techniques. In this work, isothermal compression experiments were performed on a Mg-15Gd-8Y-6Al-0.3Mn alloy with an elastic modulus of 51.3 GPa with a substantial volume of aluminum-rare earth (Al 2 RE) phases. The rheological behavior and microstructural evolution of the material were systematically investigated at varying temperatures (350-500 °C) and strain rates (0.001-1.000 s -1 ). The calculated thermal processing diagram indicates that the unstable region gradually enlarges with increased strain, and all unstable regions appear within the high-strain-rate, low-temperature domain. The ideal thermal processing range of the alloy is 350-500 °C at strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 0.016 s -1 . Particle-stimulated nucleation and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization are both verified to be responsible for the recrystallized microstructure of the alloy. The recrystallized grains exhibit a relatively random crystallographic orientation. As recrystallization proceeds, the texture gradually transitions from a typical [0001] texture in the compression direction to a random texture accompanied by decreased texture intensity. This work sheds new light on the thermo-mechanical processing of high-modulus Mg alloys, which could help design suitable processing techniques for related materials.

Genomic integration of heterologous genes is the preferred approach in industrial fermentation-related strains due to the drawbacks associated with plasmid-mediated microbial fermentation, including additional growth burden, genetic instability, and antibiotic contamination. Synthetic biology and genome editing advancements have made gene integration convenient. Integrated expression is extensively used in the field of biomanufacturing and is anticipated to become the prevailing method for expressing recombinant proteins. Therefore, it is pivotal to strengthen the expression of exogenous genes at the genome level. Here, we systematically optimized the integrated expression system of Escherichia coli from 3 aspects. First, the integration site slmA with the highest expression activity was screened out of 18 sites in the ORI region of the E. coli BL21 (DE3) genome. Second, we characterized 16 endogenous promoters in E. coli and combined them with the T7 promoter. A constitutive promoter, Plpp-T7, exhibited significantly higher expression strength than the T7 promoter, achieving a 3.3-fold increase in expression levels. Finally, to further enhance the T7 expression system, we proceeded with overexpression of T7 RNA polymerase at the chassis cell level. The resulting constitutive efficient integrated expression system (CEIES_Ecoli) showed a 2-fold increase in GFP expression compared to the pET3b recombinant plasmid. Therefore, CEIES_Ecoli was applied to the integrated expression of nitrilase and hyaluronidase, achieving stable and efficient enzyme expression, with enzyme activities of 22.87 and 12,195 U·mL -1 , respectively, comparable to plasmid levels. Overall, CEIES_Ecoli provides a stable and efficient method of gene expression without the need for antibiotics or inducers, making it a robust tool for synthetic biology, enzyme engineering, and related applications.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) was the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) proteins. In this randomized phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04304209), 134 pMMR LARC patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to receive NACRT or NACRT and the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody sintilimab. As the primary endpoint, the total complete response (CR) rate is 26.9% (18/67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.0%-37.8%) and 44.8% (30/67, 95% CI 32.6%-57.0%) in the control and experimental arm, respectively, with significant difference (p = 0.031 for chi-squared test). Response ratio is 1.667 (95% CI 1.035-2.683). Immunohistochemistry shows PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score is associated with the synergistic effect. The safety profile is similar between the arms. Adding the PD-1 antibody sintilimab to NACRT significantly increases the CR rate in pMMR LARC, with a manageable safety profile. PD-L1 positivity may help identify patients who might benefit most from the combination therapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests H.-T.L. and C.-L.L. are employed by YuceBio Technology Co., Ltd. R.-H.X. has served as a consulting or advisory role for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Serono, Roche, Astellas, and AstraZeneca., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) can encounter resistance through various mechanisms, limiting their effectiveness. Our recent research showed that PARPi alone can induce drug resistance by promoting autophagy. Moreover, our studies have revealed that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) plays a role in regulating the survival of ovarian cancer cells undergoing autophagy. Here, we explored whether the ALK-inhibitor crizotinib could enhance the efficacy of PARPi by targeting drug-induced autophagic ovarian cancer cell and xenograft models. Our investigation demonstrates that crizotinib enhances the anti-tumor activity of PARPi across multiple ovarian cancer cells. Combination therapy with crizotinib and olaparib reduced cell viability and clonogenic growth in two-olaparib resistant cell lines. More importantly, this effect was consistently observed in patient-derived organoids. Furthermore, combined treatment with crizotinib and olaparib led to tumor regression in human ovarian xenograft models. Mechanistically, the combination resulted in increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced DNA damage, and decreased the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, and ULK-1, contributing to increased olaparib-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Notably, pharmacologic, or genetic inhibition or autophagy reduced the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines to olaparib and crizotinib treatment, underscoring the role of autophagy in cell death. Blocking ROS mitigated olaparib/crizotinib-induced autophagy and cell death while restoring levels of phosphorylated AKT, mTOR and ULK-1. These findings suggest that crizotinib can improve the therapeutic efficacy of olaparib by enhancing autophagy. Implications: The combination of crizotinib and PARPi presents a promising strategy, that could provide a novel approach to enhance outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer., (©2024 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains prevalent globally. However, national data on this issue in the general population after the termination of the zero-COVID policy in China are limited. In March 2023, we conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey among Chinese adults using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regressions were employed. Among 4,966 participants, 43.8% reported COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy following the end of the zero-COVID policy in China. Higher rates of vaccine hesitancy were associated with being married (married: OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.17-1.57; other marital status: OR 1.86, 95%CI 1.36-2.55), working in healthcare (OR 1.64, 95%CI 1.38-1.96), having both minors and older adults in the household (OR 1.45, 95%CI 1.20-1.75), having no minors and older adults in the household (OR 1.44, 95%CI 1.17-1.77), having chronic diseases (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.23-1.64), experiencing adverse events post-vaccination (OR 1.39, 95%CI 1.19-1.61), and uncertainty about previous COVID-19 infection (OR 1.45, 95%CI 1.13-1.86). Conversely, participants who had received the influenza vaccine in the past three years (OR 0.62, 95%CI 0.54-0.72), had previously taken the COVID-19 vaccine (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.32-0.59), and had higher confidence in vaccines (OR 0.63, 95%CI 0.60-0.67) were less likely to exhibit hesitancy. Our findings indicate a significant level of vaccine hesitancy, underscoring the urgent need for tailored public health strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and improve uptake post-zero-COVID policy in China. A comprehensive understanding of public concerns and related factors is essential for developing effective vaccine communication strategies.

In this paper, coal-based solid waste, including fly ash, desulfurization gypsum, furnace bottom slag, and coal washing sludge in the ratio of 3:2:3:2 with a total of 200 tons/0.07 hm 2 , were used as the specialized main material for restoring the saline alkali land of Emao River in Huairen of China. The remediation effect and safety of solid waste artificial soil were evaluated by testing the soil samples before and after the remediation. The results showed that the pH value of the soil after remediation decreased from 9.98 to 7.60, which was close to the neutral value and suitable for crop growth. The total amount of water-soluble salts decreased from 8.30 g kg -1 to 4.80 g kg -1 with a decrease of 42.2 %. The organic matter increased from 6.5 g kg -1 to 39.1 g kg -1 with a 5-fold increase. Compared to the original soil, the heavy metal content in the restored soil did not increased, but instead decreased, indicating that the restoration technology was feasible and meets environmental requirements. Corn planting experiment results showed that corn's emergence rate in the original saline alkali soil was extremely low (about 1 %), while in the restored soil reached over 99 %. The average yield of corn in restoration field was 16.56 % higher than the average local yield level. The residual content of heavy metals and organic toxic substances in corn and potatoes grown on restored soil were analyzed, and the results showed that the detected heavy metal content was far lower than the standard values, and the residual organic toxic substances were basically not detected, indicating that the agricultural fruits grown on restored soil were safe, harmless, and edible. This approach could achieve large-scale consumption of coal-based solid waste, increase arable land, and reduce the cost of restoring saline alkali land., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Selective macroautophagy/autophagy in metazoans involves the conserved receptors NBR1 and SQSTM1/p62. Both autophagy receptors manage ubiquitinated cargo recognition, while SQSTM1 has an additional, distinct role of facilitating liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) during autophagy. Given that plants lack SQSTM1, it is postulated that plant NBR1 may combine activities of both metazoan NBR1 and SQSTM1. However, the precise mechanism by which plant NBR1 recognizes non-ubiquitinated substrates and its ability to undergo LLPS during selective autophagy remain elusive. Here, we implicate both the ZZ-type zinc finger motif and the four-tryptophan domain of Arabidopsis NBR1 (AtNBR1) in the recognition of non-ubiquitinated cargo proteins. Additionally, we reveal that AtNBR1 indeed undergoes LLPS prior to ATG8-mediated autophagosome formation, crucial for heat stress resistance in Arabidopsis. Our findings unveil the dual roles of AtNBR1 in both cargo recognition and LLPS during plant autophagy and advance our understanding of NBR1-mediated autophagy in plants compared to metazoans. Abbreviations : ATG8: autophagy 8; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; EXO70E2: exocyst subunit EXO70 family protein E2; FRAP: fluorescence recovery after photobleaching; FW domain: four-tryptophan domain; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HS: heat stress; LLPS: liquid-liquid phase separation; LIR: LC3-interacting region; NBR1: next to BRCA1 gene 1; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PB1 domain: Phox and Bem1 domain; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROF1: rotamase FKBP 1; SARs: selective autophagy receptors; UBA domain: ubiquitin-associated domain; Y2H: yeast two-hybrid; ZZ domain: ZZ-type zinc finger motif domain.

Introduction: Despite the favourable efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS continues to impose significant disease burdens worldwide. This study aims to systematically review published prognostic prediction models for survival outcomes of treatment experienced people living with HIV (TE-PLHIV), to describe their characteristics, compare their performance and assess the risk of bias and real-world clinical utility., Methods and Analysis: Studies will be identified through a comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey databases. Two reviewers will independently conduct a selection of eligible studies, data extraction and critical appraisal. Included studies will be systematically summarised using appropriate tools designed for prognostic prediction modelling studies. Where applicable, evidence will be summarised with meta-analyses., Ethics and Dissemination: Ethical approval is not required because only available published data will be analysed. The results of this work will be published in a peer-reviewed journal., Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration number CRD42023412118., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Caffeine exerts a biphasic effect on zebrafish behavior. High doses of caffeine have been associated with increased stress and anxiety, whereas low doses have been found to enhance performance on tasks requiring focus and attention. However, the sex-specific nature of these biphasic effects on behavior and physiology remains unclear. This study assessed the behavioral responses and hormone levels in male and female zebrafish after acute exposure to caffeine ranging from 0.3 to 600 mg/L. The results showed no significant difference in caffeine intake between males and females after acute exposure at each concentration. Caffeine-induced behavioral and physiological responses indicated a threshold dosage existed between 30 and 300 mg/L. Female fish displayed increased anxiety-like behavioral phenotypes, i.e., latency to upper and freezing, whereas males exhibited more erratic movement following acute exposure to a high-dose treatment. In addition, females exhibited a significant increase in whole-body cortisol levels, while males experienced a testosterone elevation at 300 mg/L of caffeine acute exposure. There was a significant decrease in the duration of erratic movements in males treated with the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide compared to the control group. The transcriptome analysis uncovered 511 and 592 up-regulated and 761 and 922 down-regulated differential expression genes in males and females, respectively, compared to the control. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathway analysis revealed that caffeine has the potential to impact various pathways in zebrafish, including phototransduction and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Our findings demonstrate that testosterone and cortisol play a combined role in regulating stress responses in both behavior and physiology. Furthermore, our study highlights the significance of encompassing both male and female zebrafish as a model system., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing interest The authors declare no competing or financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Deficit of oxygen and nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME) triggers abnormal angiogenesis that produces dysfunctional and leaky blood vessels, which fail to adequately perfuse tumor tissues. Resulting hypoxia, exacerbation of metabolic disturbances, and generation of an immunosuppressive TME undermine the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Use of carefully scheduled angiogenesis inhibitors has been suggested to overcome these problems and normalize the TME. Here, we propose an alternative agonist-based normalization approach using a derivative of the C-type natriuretic peptide (dCNP). Multiple gene expression signatures in tumor tissues were affected in mice treated with dCNP. In several mouse orthotopic and subcutaneous solid tumor models including colon and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, this well-tolerated agent stimulated formation of highly functional tumor blood vessels to reduce hypoxia. Administration of dCNP also inhibited stromagenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix and decreased tumor interstitial fluid pressure. In addition, treatment with dCNP reinvigorated the antitumor immune responses. Administration of dCNP decelerated growth of primary mouse tumors and suppressed their metastases. Moreover, inclusion of dCNP into the chemo-, radio-, or immune-therapeutic regimens increased their efficacy against solid tumors in immunocompetent mice. These results demonstrate the proof of principle for using vasculature normalizing agonists to improve therapies against solid tumors and characterize dCNP as the first in class among such agents.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease with significant public health implications. Its widespread transmission, prolonged treatment duration, notable side effects, and high mortality rate pose severe challenges. This study examines the epidemiological characteristics of TB globally and across major regions, providing a scientific basis for enhancing TB prevention and control measures worldwide., Methods: The ecological study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. It assessed new incidence cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and trends in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), mortality rates (ASMRs), and DALY rates for drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB), multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) from 1990 to 2021. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to project ASIR and ASMR., Results: In 2021, the global ASIR for all HIV-negative TB was 103.00 per 100,000 population [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 92.21, 114.91 per 100,000 population], declining by 0.40% (95% UI: - 0.43, - 0.38%) compared to 1990. The global ASMR was 13.96 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 12.61, 15.72 per 100,000 population), with a decline of 0.44% (95% UI: - 0.61, - 0.23%) since 1990. The global age-standardized DALY rate for HIV-negative TB was 580.26 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 522.37, 649.82 per 100,000 population), showing a decrease of 0.65% (95% UI: - 0.69, - 0.57 per 100,000 population) from 1990. The global ASIR of MDR-TB has not decreased since 2015, instead, it has shown a slow upward trend in recent years. The ASIR of XDR-TB has exhibited significant increase in the past 30 years. The projections indicate MDR-TB and XDR-TB are expected to see significant increases in both ASIR and ASMR from 2022 to 2035, highlighting the growing challenge of drug-resistant TB., Conclusions: This study found that the ASIR of MDR-TB and XDR-TB has shown an upward trend in recent years. To reduce the TB burden, it is essential to enhance health infrastructure and increase funding in low-SDI regions. Developing highly efficient, accurate, and convenient diagnostic reagents, along with more effective therapeutic drugs, and improving public health education and community engagement, are crucial for curbing TB transmission., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

BACKGROUND The tip-flexible suctioning ureteral access sheath (TFS-UAS) can be bent under flexible ureteroscopes, which facilitates removal of renal stone segments by irrigation and suctioning effects. Small-scale comparative studies found it safer and more efficacious than traditional UAS. However, complications such as renal abscess were not documented after TFS-UAS combined with digital FURS. CASE REPORT A 57-year-old woman had right lumbar pain that persisted for 1 year. A plain computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple renal pelvicalyceal stones (maximum diameter 20×9 mm). She was admitted to undergo elective surgery with a TFS-UAS combined with digital flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The operation was deemed successful and she was given postoperative antibiotics for 2 days before discharge. Eight postoperative days later, she was admitted to the emergency department due to high fever (39.6°C). Plain CT revealed intact double-J stents and no abnormalities. She was readmitted to the urological department to receive antibiotic therapy, which progressed to septic shock (blood pressure 80/50 mmHg) and required immediate transfer to the intensive care unit. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed a right renal abscess. She was promptly resuscitated and given stronger antibiotics. She recovered well and was discharged with 2-week oral levofloxacin treatment. Follow-up ultrasound found no renal abscess. CONCLUSIONS While TFS-UAS with digital FURs is an effective approach for multiple renal stones, there is a risk of postoperative renal abscess, possibly due to altered intrarenal pressure.

Background: The co-infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant clinical challenge and is a major global public health issue. This study aims to elucidate the disease burden of HIV-TB co-infection in global, regions and countries, providing critical information for policy decisions to curb the HIV-TB epidemic., Methods: The ecological time-series study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021. The data encompass the numbers of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY), as well as age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), mortality rate (ASMR), and DALY rate for HIV-infected drug-susceptible tuberculosis (HIV-DS-TB), HIV-infected multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (HIV-MDR-TB), and HIV-infected extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (HIV-XDR-TB) from 1990 to 2021. from 1990 to 2021. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of rates, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was calculated., Results: In 2021, the global ASIR for HIV-DS-TB was 11.59 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.37-13.05 per 100,000 population), 0.55 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.38-0.81 per 100,000 population), for HIV-MDR-TB, and 0.02 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.01-0.03 per 100,000 population) for HIV-XDR-TB. The EAPC for the ASIR of HIV-MDR-TB and HIV-XDR-TB from 1990 to 2021 were 4.71 (95% CI: 1.92-7.59) and 13.63 (95% CI: 9.44-18.01), respectively. The global ASMR for HIV-DS-TB was 2.22 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 1.73-2.74 per 100,000 population), 0.21 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.09-0.39 per 100,000 population) for HIV-MDR-TB, and 0.01 per 100,000 population (95% UI: 0.00-0.03 per 100,000 population) for HIV-XDR-TB in 2021. The EAPC for the ASMR of HIV-MDR-TB and HIV-XDR-TB from 1990 to 2021 were 4.78 (95% CI: 1.32-8.32) and 10.00 (95% CI: 6.09-14.05), respectively., Conclusions: The findings indicate that enhancing diagnostic and treatment strategies, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, increasing access to quality medical care, and improving public health education are essential to combat HIV-TB co-infection., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: LARC patients commonly receive adjuvant therapy, however, hidden micrometastases still limit the improvement of OS. This study aims to investigate the impact of VASN in rectal cancer with pulmonary metastasis and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms to guide adjuvant chemotherapy selection., Methods: Sequencing data from rectal cancer patients with pulmonary metastasis from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) and publicly available data were meticulously analyzed. The functional role of VASN in pulmonary metastasis was validated in vivo and in vitro. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP), immunofluorescence, and rescue experiments were conducted to unravel potential molecular mechanisms of VASN. Moreover, VASN expression levels in tumor samples were examined and analyzed for their correlations with pulmonary metastasis status, tumor stage, adjuvant chemotherapy benefit, and survival outcome., Results: Our study revealed a significant association between high VASN expression and pulmonary metastasis in LARC patients. Experiments in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that VASN could promote the cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer. Mechanistically, VASN interacts with the NOTCH1 protein, leading to concurrent activation of the NOTCH and MAPK pathways. Clinically, pulmonary metastasis and advanced tumor stage were observed in 90% of VASN-positive patients and 53.5% of VASN-high patients, respectively, and VASN-high patients had a lower five-year survival rate than VASN-low patients (26.7% vs. 83.7%). Moreover, the Cox analysis and OS analysis indicated that VASN was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR = 7.4, P value < 0.001) and a predictor of adjuvant therapy efficacy in rectal cancer., Conclusions: Our study highlights the role of VASN in decreasing drug sensitivity and activating the NOTCH and MAPK pathways, which leads to tumorigenesis and pulmonary metastasis. Both experimental and clinical data support that rectal cancer patients with VASN overexpression detected in biopsies have a higher risk of pulmonary metastasis and adjuvant chemotherapy resistance., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Nanoporous metals, fabricated via dealloying, offer versatile applications but are typically limited to unimodal porous structures, which hinders the integration of conflicting pore-size-dependent properties. A strategy is presented that exploits the homologous temperature (T H )-dependent scaling of feature sizes to generate hierarchical porous structures through multistep dealloying at varied T H levels, adjusted by altering dealloying temperatures or the material melting points. This technique facilitates the creation of monolithic architectures of bimodal porous nickel and trimodal porous carbon, each characterized by well-defined, self-similar bicontinuous porosities across distinct length scales. These materials merge extensive surface area with efficient mass transport, showing improved current delivery and rate capabilities as electrodes in electrocatalytic hydrogen production and electrochemical supercapacitors. These results highlight T H as a unifying parameter for precisely tailoring feature sizes of dealloyed nanoporous materials, opening avenues for developing materials with hierarchical structures that enable novel functionalities., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

There are many kinds and dosage forms of Chinese patent medicines for external use on the market, which are widely used in clinical departments. The common adverse reactions of Chinese patent medicines for external use are skin reactions, and those for the rare severe diseases include palpitation, chest tightness, dyspnea, and anaphylactic shock. At present, World Health Organization(WHO), International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use(ICH),the United States, the European Union, and Asia-Pacific countries(such as Japan and South Korea) have not issued any pharmacovigilance guideline of Chinese patent medicines for external use. China has not issued any pharmacovigilance guideline for these medicines, only releasing the standard Evaluation of skin adverse reactions caused by Chinese patent medicines for external use(T/CACM 005-2017). To standardize the safe and reasonable use of Chinese patent medicines for external use, Pharmacovigilance guidelines for clinical application of Chinese patent medicines for external use was developed with the joint efforts of experts in diverse disciplines. The guideline provides guidance on the monitoring and reporting of adverse reactions/events, identification and assessment of risk signals, and risk control measures in the clinical application of Chinese patent medicines for external use to guide the rational use of these medicines in clinical practice. At the same time, the possible risks and risk control measures in clinical application of Chinese patent medicines for external use are listed for clinical reference. In addition, the guideline provides guidance for risk minimization plans and the standardization of activities related to pharmacovigilance of Chinese patent medicines for external use in China.

Fish egg poisoning is a serious and neglected public menace that kills hundreds of people and numerous poultry each year. Freshwater groupers (Acrossocheilus fasciatus) are common food fish in the southeastern regions of China. Their toxic eggs are regarded as a significant public health concern. The molecular mechanisms of egg-toxin toxicity in freshwater grouper to poisoned organisms are elusive. In this study, black-boned chicks were exposed to toxic eggs from freshwater grouper at a lethal dose. The hepatic morphology of the intoxicated chick was assessed. An analysis of the liver gene expression profile was conducted by comparing samples exposed to toxic eggs with control samples using RNA-Seq. The result revealed that an increase in vacuolation and congestion was observed in chicks with toxic eggs exposure. The transcriptome analysis revealed 5421 genes with differential expression, comprising 2810 up-regulated and 2611 down-regulated genes. The genes were primarily linked to energy metabolism, cell apoptosis, cell adhesion, exogenous microbial infection, and cell junction. The most strongly upregulated genes were cholecystokinin (CCK), cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR), and unc-80 homolog, NALCN activator (UNC80), and the most downregulated genes were glycine amidinotransferase (GATM), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), and hexokinase 2 (HKDC1). GO term with the highest enrichment of DEGs is nucleosome assembly. According to KEGG pathways, the three most significant metabolic pathways in the liver are DNA replication, retinol metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis. The results could be crucial for comprehending the negative biological impacts of egg-toxin and its toxic mechanisms. The outcome could provide potential biomarkers of egg-toxin exposure in hepatic, which might be useful for manufacturing an antidote to egg-toxin and providing valuable insights for ecotoxicity studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The impact of thermally driven mountain-valley breezes (MVB) on the atmospheric environment remains poorly understood, especially in ozone (O 3 )-polluted regions with complex underlying topography. To address this knowledge gap, we focused on the western Sichuan Basin (SCB), situated immediately east of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which is considered susceptible to MVB coupled with severe O 3 pollution in southwest China. We revealed the MVB driving diurnal O 3 variations and meteorological mechanisms using surface observations and ERA5 reanalysis data. Local MVB days accounted for up to 47% of cases in the summers of 2015-2022. Driven by the MVB, the near-surface O 3 concentrations increased by 8.8%, with 12.7% and 50.0% deterioration in the O 3 light and moderate exceedance rates, respectively, on the western SCB edge. The daytime upslope valley breeze with 20% higher wind speed drove the westward transport of rich O 3 and precursors from the upwind-polluted inner SCB towards its western edge, and the O 3 photochemical production, followed by intensifying solar radiation and air temperature, gave rise to 14.8% of surface O 3 concentrations over the western SCB edge. The nighttime downward mountain breeze with a 20% increase in wind speed could transport the rich O 3 in the mountainous area to the basin edge, causing O 3 levels to increase by 2.8%. In summary, we quantitatively assessed the impacts of MVB on changes in O 3 concentrations and air quality along with its meteorological mechanisms, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of meteorological drivers in the atmospheric environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (TI-Tregs) elicit immunosuppressive effects in the tumor microenvironment (TME) leading to accelerated tumor growth and resistance to immunotherapies against solid tumors. Here, we demonstrate that poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-11 (PARP11) is an essential regulator of immunosuppressive activities of TI-Tregs. Expression of PARP11 correlates with TI-Treg cell numbers and poor responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in human patients with cancer. Tumor-derived factors including adenosine and prostaglandin E2 induce PARP11 in TI-Tregs. Knockout of PARP11 in the cells of the TME or treatment of tumor-bearing mice with selective PARP11 inhibitor ITK7 inactivates TI-Tregs and reinvigorates anti-tumor immune responses. Accordingly, ITK7 decelerates tumor growth and significantly increases the efficacy of anti-tumor immunotherapies including ICB and adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. These results characterize PARP11 as a key driver of TI-Treg activities and a major regulator of immunosuppressive TME and argue for targeting PARP11 to augment anti-cancer immunotherapies., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests M.S.C. is an inventor on an OHSU patent related to the general use of the ITK7 compound. M.S.C., R.B., and S.Y.F. are co-inventors on a pending patent from OHSU/University of Pennsylvania related to ITK7 use., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The widespread utilization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has caused a variety of environmental and health problems. Compared with traditional thermomechanical or chemical PET cycling, the biodegradation of PET may offer a more feasible solution. Though the PETase from Ideonalla sakaiensis (IsPETase) displays interesting PET degrading performance under mild conditions; the relatively low thermal stability of IsPETase limits its practical application. In this study, enzyme-catalysed PET degradation was investigated with the promising IsPETase mutant HotPETase (HP). On this basis, a carbohydrate-binding module from Bacillus anthracis (BaCBM) was fused to the C-terminus of HP to construct the PETase mutant (HLCB) for increased PET degradation. Furthermore, to effectively improve PET accessibility and PET-degrading activity, the truncated outer membrane hybrid protein (FadL) was used to expose PETase and BaCBM on the surface of E. coli (BL21with) to develop regenerable whole-cell biocatalysts (D-HLCB). Results showed that, among the tested small-molecular weight ester compounds (p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), p-Nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA), 4-Nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB)), PETase displayed the highest hydrolysing activity against pNPP. HP displayed the highest catalytic activity (1.94 μM(p-NP)/min) at 50 °C and increased longevity at 40 °C. The fused BaCBM could clearly improve the catalytic performance of PETase by increasing the optimal reaction temperature and improving the thermostability. When HLCB was used for PET degradation, the yield of monomeric products (255.7 μM) was ∼25.5 % greater than that obtained after 50 h of HP-catalysed PET degradation. Moreover, the highest yield of monomeric products from the D-HLCB-mediated system reached 1.03 mM. The whole-cell catalyst D-HLCB displayed good reusability and stability and could maintain more than 54.6 % of its initial activity for nine cycles. Finally, molecular docking simulations were utilized to investigate the binding mechanism and the reaction mechanism of HLCB, which may provide theoretical evidence to further increase the PET-degrading activities of PETases through rational design. The proposed strategy and developed variants show potential for achieving complete biodegradation of PET under mild conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and the financial support for this work have been given in the manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Transition metal selenides have the leading position in the field of energy storage and conversion due to their high theoretical capacity, good electrical conductivity, and cycling stability. Nickel is widely used for the construction of positive electrodes in devices due to its good conductivity, variable valence state, and ideal redox activity. NiSe materials have high internal resistance and are prone to volume change during charging and discharging, thus affecting the practical application of this electrode material, and the reported NiSe materials have not achieved a more desirable capacity value. Therefore, in this study, N, P-NiSe nanoelectrode materials were prepared using nickel foam as the nickel source and hexachlorocyclotriphonitrile as the nitrogen and phosphorus dopant using an efficient, energy-saving, and simple microwave method. It was also characterised by XRD and XPS to confirm the successful preparation of N, P-NiSe materials. In addition, the material yielded a high capacitance value (3184 F g -1 ) and good cycling stability (72% of the initial capacitance value was retained after 4000 cycles) in electrochemical tests. To demonstrate its excellent suitability for practical applications, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using N, P-NiSe as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode. At an operating voltage of 1.6 V, the device achieved an energy density of 289.06 Wh kg -1 and a power density of 799.26 W kg -1 and retained 80% of its initial capacity after 20,000 cycles.

Background: Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (Huanghuacai), a plant of the genus Hemerocallis in the family Asphodelaceae, is widely planted in China. Based on our survey results, the chemical compounds in the essential oil of the flowers of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (EOFHCB) and relevant pharmacological activities have never been studied systematically., Objective: To preliminarily decipher the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of EOFHCB in the treatment of anxiety disorders by GC-MS, Network Pharmacology, and Molecular docking., Methods: EOFHCB compositions were identified using GC-MS, and their targets were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction databases. The targets of anxiety disorders were obtained by GeneCards, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases. The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction networks, and the DAVID database was used to carry out GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The EOFHCB-components-targetspathways- anxiety disorders network was constructed by Cytoscape software (Version 3.10.0). Finally, the result was verified by molecular docking., Results: 28 chemical components were identified by GC-MS, including 3-furanmethanol (28.43%), 2-methyl-1-butanol (27.13%), nerolidol (10.62%), and so on, which correspond to 241 potential targets. Several 2440 biological processes, 187 cellular compositions, and 311 molecular functions were enriched by GO enrichment analysis and 174 pathways by KEGG enrichment analysis. The key targets are PTGS 2, SRC, DRD 2, ESR 1, MAOB, and SLC6A4. The most important pathway is the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction., Conclusion: EOFHCB exerts its therapeutic effects on anxiety disorders through multicomponents, multi-targets, and multi-pathways, which provided new ideas and methods for the in-depth research of aromatic Chinese medicine in the treatment of anxiety disorders., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Background: An increasing number of research have applied neuroimaging techniques to explore the potential neurobiological mechanism of Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI)., Purpose: To explore the correlation between resting brain glucose metabolism and CRCI using 18 F-FDG PET/CT in ovarian cancer (OC) patients., Methods: From December 2021 to March 2022, 38 patients with OC were selected as the study group, and 38 healthy women of the same age (±1 year) who underwent routine physical examination using PET/CT were selected as the control group. Patients received further assessment with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and Perceived Deficit Questionnaire (PDQ). Independent sample t -test and Spearman correlation were conducted for data analysis., Results: The resting brain glucose metabolism in the OC group was significantly lower than in the healthy controls. 60.52 % patients had neuropsychological impairment and retrospective memory were the most serious perceived cognitive impairments. The resting brain glucose metabolism in OC patients did not significantly correlate with neuropsychological performance but had significant positive correlation with subjective cognitive evaluation., Discussion: Resting glucose metabolism was low in OC patients and associated with subjective cognitive impairment but not objective neuropsychological test results. 18 F-FDG PET/CT can be used to evaluate brain function in OC patients and provide reliable imaging indicators for early recognition of and intervention for changes in cognitive function., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Wang Liying reports financial support was provided by Shanghai Anti Cancer Association. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Critical patients may experience various adverse events during transportation within hospitals. Therefore, quickly evaluating and classifying patients before transporting them from the emergency department and focusing on managing high-risk patients are critical. At present, no unified classification method exists; all the current approaches are subjective., Aims: To ensure transportation safety, we conducted a cluster analysis of critically ill patients transferred from the emergency department to the intensive care unit., Study Design: Single-centre cohort study. This study was conducted at a comprehensive first-class teaching hospital in Beijing. Convenience sampling and continuous enrolment were employed. We collected data from 1 January 2019, to 31 December 2021. All patients were transferred from the emergency department to the intensive care unit, and cluster analysis was conducted using five variables., Results: A total of 584 patients were grouped into three clusters. Cluster 1 (high systolic blood pressure group) included 208 (35.6%) patients. Cluster 2 (high heart rate and low blood oxygen group) included 55 (9.4%) patients. Cluster 3 (normal group) included the remaining 321 (55%) patients. The oxygen saturation levels of all the patients were lower after transport, and the proportion of adverse events (61.8%) was the highest in Cluster 2 (p < .05)., Conclusions: This study utilized data on five important vital signs from a cluster analysis to explore possible patient classifications and provide a reference for ensuring transportation safety., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Before transferring patients, we should classify them and implement targeted care. Changes in blood oxygen levels in all patients should be considered, with a focus on the occurrence of adverse events during transportation among patients with high heart rates and low blood oxygen levels., (© 2024 British Association of Critical Care Nurses.)

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of Bufei Jiedu (BFJD) ranules as adjuvant therapy for patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB)., Methods: A large-scale, multi-center, double-blinded, and randomized controlled trial was conducted in 18 sentinel hospitals in China from December 2012 to December 2016. A total of 312 MDR-PTB patients were randomly assigned to BFJD Granules or placebo groups (1:1) using a stratified randomization method, which both received the long-course chemotherapy regimen for 18 months (6 Am-Lfx-P-Z-Pto, 12 Lfx-P-Z-Pto). Meanwhile, patients in both groups also received BFJD Granules or placebo twice a day for a total of 18 months, respectively. The primary outcome was cure rate. The secondary outcomes included time to sputum-culture conversion, changes in lung cavities and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Adverse reactions were monitored during and after the trial., Results: A total of 216 cases completed the trial, 111 in the BFJD Granules group and 105 in the placebo group. BFJD Granules, as an adjuvant treatment, increased the cure rate by 13.6% at the end of treatment, compared with the placebo (58.4% vs. 44.8%, P=0.02), and accelerated the median time to sputum-culture conversion (5 months vs. 11 months). The cavity closure rate of the BFJD Granules group (50.6%, 43/85) was higher than that of the placebo group (32.1%, 26/81; P=0.02) in patients who completed the treatment. At the end of the intensive treatment, according to the 36-item Short Form, the BFJD Granules significantly improved physical functioning, general health, and vitality of patients relative to the placebo group (all P<0.01). Overall, the death rates in the two groups were not significantly different; 5.1% (8/156) in the BFJD Granules group and 2.6% (4/156) in the placebo group., Conclusions: Supplementing BFJD Granules with the long-course chemotherapy regimen significantly increased the cure rate and cavity closure rates, and rapidly improved QoL of patients with MDR-PTB (Registration No. ChiCTR-TRC-12002850)., (© 2024. The Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease caused by the loss of immune tolerance to platelet autoantigens, resulting in reduced platelet production and increased platelet destruction. Impaired megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation is a key factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of ITP. Sarcandra glabra, a plant of the Chloranthaceae family, is commonly used in clinical practice to treat ITP, and daucosterol (Dau) is one of its active ingredients. However, whether Dau can treat ITP and the key mechanism of its effect are still unclear. In this study, we found that Dau could effectively promote the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytes and the formation of polyploidy in the megakaryocyte differentiation disorder model constructed by co-culturing Dami and HS-5 cells. In vivo experiments showed that Dau could not only increase the number of polyploidized megakaryocytes in the ITP rat model, but also promote the recovery of platelet count. In addition, through network pharmacology analysis, we speculated that the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway might be involved in the process of Dau promoting megakaryocyte differentiation. Western blot results showed that Dau inhibited the expression of P-JAK2 and P-STAT3. In summary, these results provide a basis for further studying the pharmacological mechanism of Dau in treating ITP., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), an important fucosylated human milk oligosaccharide in breast milk, offers numerous health benefits to infants. Previously, we metabolically engineered Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) for the in vivo biosynthesis of 3-FL. In this study, we initially optimized culture conditions to double 3-FL production. Competing pathway genes involved in in vivo guanosine 5'-diphosphate-fucose biosynthesis were subsequently inactivated to redirect fluxes toward 3-FL biosynthesis. Next, three promising transporters were evaluated using plasmid-based or chromosomally integrated expression to maximize extracellular 3-FL production. Additionally, through analysis of α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FutM2) structure, we identified Q126 residues as a highly mutable residue in the active site. After site-saturation mutation, the best-performing mutant, FutM2-Q126A, was obtained. Structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that small residue replacement positively influenced helical structure generation. Finally, the best strain BD3-A produced 6.91 and 52.1 g/L of 3-FL in a shake-flask and fed-batch cultivations, respectively, highlighting its potential for large-scale industrial applications.

Background: The parallel evolution of similar traits or species provides strong evidence for the role of natural selection in evolution. Traits or species that evolved repeatedly can be driven by separate de novo mutations or interspecific gene flow. Although parallel evolution has been reported in many studies, documented cases of parallel evolution caused by gene flow are scarce by comparison. Aquilegia ecalcarata and A. kansuensis belong to the genus of Aquilegia, and are the closest related sister species. Mutiple origins of A. ecalcarata have been reported in previous studies, but whether they have been driven by separate de novo mutations or gene flow remains unclear., Results: In this study, We conducted genomic analysis from 158 individuals of two repeatedly evolving pairs of A. ecalcarata and A. kansuensis. All samples were divided into two distinct clades with obvious geographical distribution based on phylogeny and population structure. Demographic modeling revealed that the origin of the A. ecalcarata in the Eastern of China was caused by gene flow, and the Eastern A. ecalcarata occurred following introgression from Western A. ecalcarata population. Analysis of Treemix and D-statistic also revealed that a strong signal of gene flow was detected from Western A. ecalcarata to Eastern A. ecalcarata. Genetic divergence and selective sweep analyses inferred parallel regions of genomic divergence and identified many candidate genes associated with ecologically adaptive divergence between species pair. Comparative analysis of parallel diverged regions and gene introgression confirms that gene flow contributed to the parallel evolution of A. ecalcarata., Conclusions: Our results further confirmed the multiple origins of A. ecalcarata and highlighted the roles of gene flow. These findings provide new evidence for parallel origin after hybridization as well as insights into the ecological adaptation mechanisms underlying the parallel origins of species., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Intestinal mantle cell lymphoma complicated with intussusception is rare in clinical practice,lacking specific clinical manifestations.CT and colonoscopy are helpful for the diagnosis of this disease,which need to be distinguished from colorectal cancer,Crohn's disease,and other pathological subtypes of lymphoma.The diagnosis still needs to be confirmed by pathological examination.This paper reports a case of intestinal mantle cell lymphoma complicated with ileocecal intussusception in an adult,aiming to improve the clinical and imaging doctors' understanding of this disease.

Objective: Phthalates (PEs) could cause reproductive harm to males. A mixture of three widely used PEs (MPEs) was used to investigate the ameliorative effects of zinc (Zn) and vitamin E (VE) against male reproductive toxicity., Methods: Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10). Rats in MPEs group were orally treated with 160 mg/kg/d MPEs, while rats in MPEs combined Zn and/or VE groups were treated with 160 mg/kg/d MPEs plus 25 mg/kg/d Zn and/or 25 mg/kg/d VE. After intervention for 70 days, it's was measured of male reproductive organs' weight, histopathological observation of sperms and testes, serum hormones, PIWI proteins and steroidogenic proteins., Results: Compared with control, anogenital distance, testes weight, epididymides weight, and sex hormones were significantly decreased, while the sperm malformation rate was markedly increased in MPEs group (p < .05); the testicular tissues were injured in MPEs group with disordered and decreased spermatids, and arrested spermatogenesis. PIWIL1, PIWIL2, StAR, CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 were down-regulated in MPEs group (p < .05). However, the alterations of these parameters were restored in MPEs combined Zn and/or VE groups (p < .05)., Conclusion: Zn and/or VE improved steroid hormone metabolism, and inhibited MPEs' male reproductive toxicity., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising environmentally friendly alternatives to their lead-based counterparts, yet they currently suffer from much lower device performance. Due to variations in the chemical properties of lead (II) and tin (II) ions, similar treatments may yield distinct effects resulting from differences in underlying mechanisms. In this work, a surface treatment on tin-based perovskite is conducted with a commonly employed ligand, iso-butylammonium iodide (iso-BAI). Unlike the passivation effects previously observed in lead-based perovskites, such treatment leads to the recrystallization of the surface, driven by the higher solubility of tin-based perovskite in common solvents. By carefully designing the solvent composition, the perovskite surface is effectively modified while preserving the integrity of the bulk. The treatment led to enhanced surface crystallinity, reduced surface strain and defects, and improved charge transport. Consequently, the best-performing power conversion efficiency of FASnI 3 PSCs increases from 11.8% to 14.2%. This work not only distinguishes the mechanism of surface treatments in tin-based perovskites from that of lead-based counterparts, but also underscores the critical role in designing tailor-made strategies for fabricating efficient tin-based PSCs., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Sea cucumbers release chemical repellents from their guts when they are in danger from predators or a hostile environment. To investigate the chemical structure of the repellent, we collected and chemically analyzed the viscera of stressed sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) in the Yellow Sea of China. Two undescribed triterpene glycosides (1 and 2), together with a known cladoloside A (3), were identified and elucidated as 3β-O-{2-O-[β-d-quinovopyranosyl]-4-O-[3-O-methyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-β-d-xylopyranosyl}-holosta-9(11),25(26)-dien-16-one (1), 3β-O-{2-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl]-4-O-[3-O-methyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-β-d-xylopyranosyl}-holosta-9(11),25(26)-dien-16-one (2), 3β-O-{2-O-[3-O-methyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-quinovopyranosyl]-β-d-xylopyranosyl}-holosta-9(11),25(26)-dien-16-one (3) by spectroscopic analysis, including HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 display embryonic toxicity, as indicated by their 96-hour post-fertilization lethal concentration (96 hpf-LC 50 ) values of 0.289, 0.536, and 0.091 μM, respectively. Our study discovered a class of triterpene glycoside compounds consisting of an oligosaccharide with four sugar units and a holostane aglycone. These compounds possess embryotoxicity and may serve as chemical defense molecules in marine benthic ecosystems., (© 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.)

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the primary choice for managing large renal stones and the establishment of mini-/micro-channels has been increasingly gaining practice. The smaller the channel, the easier it is to be lost, which may require a new puncture site and increase the risk of bleeding complications. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 1,056 PCNL procedures in our single institute, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, between March 2014 and August 2023. Twenty-three cases of nephrostomy channel loss during mini PCNL were identified, resulting in an incidence rate of 2.2%. Methylene blue was immediately injected into the ureteral catheter to facilitate location and retrieval of the channel. Once extravasation of the dye was identified under rigid ureteroscope, a first guidewire was introduced into the channel for maintenance, followed by another guidewire inserted in parallel to facilitate dilatation. The major reasons for PCNL channel loss were mild hydronephrosis and complete obstruction of the target calyx due to renal stones. Technical success, defined as the ability to retrieve the lost channel within 5 minutes, was 78.3% (n=18/23). Three channels were completely lost and 2 patients showed channel bleeding despite successful identification, all of which required establishment of a new PCNL channel. No major intraoperative nor postoperative complication was observed., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tau.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tau-23-608/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved.)

Background: Left ventricular thrombus (LVT) is a serious complication after myocardial infarction. However, due to its asymptomatic nature, early detection is challenging. We aimed to explore the differences in clinical correlates of LVT found in acute to subacute and chronic phases of myocardial infarction., Methods: We collected data from 153 patients who were diagnosed with LVT after myocardial infarction at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2013 to December 2022. Baseline information, inflammatory markers, transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE) data and other clinical correlates were collected. Patients were categorized into acute to subacute phase group (< 30 days) and chronic phase group (30 days and after) according to the time at which echocardiograph was performed. The resolution of thrombus within 90 days is regarded as the primary endpoint event. We fitted logistic regression models to relating clinical correlates with phase-specific thrombus resolution., Results: For acute to subacute phase thrombus patients: C-reactive protein levels (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.918-0.983, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with thrombus resolution. For chronic phase thrombus patients: anticoagulant treatment was associated with 5.717-fold odds of thrombus resolution (OR: 5.717, 95% CI: 1.543-21.18, p = 0.009)., Conclusions: Higher levels of CRP were associated with lower likelihood of LVT resolution in acute phase myocardial infarction; Anticoagulant therapy is still needed for thrombus in the chronic stage of myocardial infarction., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has been restricted by intensive lymphodepletion and high-dose intravenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) administration. To address these limitations, we conducted preclinical and clinical studies to evaluate the safety, antitumor activity, and pharmacokinetics of an innovative modified regimen in patients with advanced gynecologic cancer., Methods: Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were established from a local recurrent cervical cancer patient. TILs were expanded ex vivo from minced tumors without feeder cells in the modified TIL therapy regimen. Patients underwent low-dose cyclophosphamide lymphodepletion followed by TIL infusion without intravenous IL-2. The primary endpoint was safety; the secondary endpoints included objective response rate, duration of response, and T cell persistence., Results: In matched patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models, homologous TILs efficiently reduced tumor size (p < 0.0001) and underwent IL-2 absence in vivo. In the clinical section, all enrolled patients received TIL infusion using a modified TIL therapy regimen successfully with a manageable safety profile. Five (36%, 95% CI 16.3-61.2) out of 14 evaluable patients experienced objective responses, and three complete responses were ongoing at 19.5, 15.4, and 5.2 months, respectively. Responders had longer overall survival (OS) than non-responders (p = 0.036). Infused TILs showed continuous proliferation and long-term persistence in all patients and showed greater proliferation in responders which was indicated by the Morisita overlap index (MOI) of TCR clonotypes between infused TILs and peripheral T cells on day 14 (p = 0.004) and day 30 (p = 0.004). Higher alteration of the CD8 + /CD4 + ratio on day 14 indicated a longer OS (p = 0.010)., Conclusions: Our modified TIL therapy regimen demonstrated manageable safety, and TILs could survive and proliferate without IL-2 intravenous administration, showing potent efficacy in patients with advanced gynecologic cancer., Trial Registration: NCT04766320, Jan 04, 2021., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Zirconium-based metallic glasses (Zr-MGs) are demonstrated to exhibit high mechanical strength, low elastic modulus and excellent biocompatibility, making them promising materials for endosseous implants. Meanwhile, tantalum (Ta) is also well known for its ideal corrosion resistance and biological effects. However, the metal has an elastic modulus as high as 186 GPa which is not comparable to the natural bone (10-30 GPa), and it also has a relative high cost. Here, to fully exploit the advantages of Ta as endosseous implants, a small amount of Ta (as low as 3 at. %) was successfully added into a Zr-MG to generate an advanced functional endosseous implant, Zr 58 Cu 25 Al 14 Ta 3 MG, with superior comprehensive properties. Upon carefully dissecting the atomic structure and surface chemistry, the results show that amorphization of Ta enables the uniform distribution in material surface, leading to a significantly improved chemical stability and extensive material-cell contact regulation. Systematical analyses on the immunological, angiogenesis and osteogenesis capability of the material are carried out utilizing the next-generation sequencing, revealing that Zr 58 Cu 25 Al 14 Ta 3 MG can regulate angiogenesis through VEGF signaling pathway and osteogenesis via BMP signaling pathway. Animal experiment further confirms a sound osseointegration of Zr 58 Cu 25 Al 14 Ta 3 MG in achieving better bone-implant-contact and inducing faster peri-implant bone formation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Many marine organisms possess an essential capacity to produce secondary metabolites that exhibit toxic characteristics. A new polyhydroxy steroid, 24-methyl-5 α -cholestane-24(28)-ene-3 β , 4 β , 6 α , 7 α , 8, 15 β , 16 β , 26-octol-6- O -sodium sulphate ( 1 ) was isolated from starfish ( Asterina pectinifera ), along with five polar steroid compounds ( 2 - 6 ) that were previously identified. NMR ( 1 H and 13 C NMR, 1 H- 1 H COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and HR-ESI-MS were employed for structure elucidations. The embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of the isolated compounds were assessed using embryos of marine medaka ( Oryzias melastigma ). Compound 5 exhibited moderate embryotoxicity (96h-LC 50 : 65 μM).

Background: It remains unclear whether intensification of the chemotherapy backbone in tandem with an anti-EGFR can confer superior clinical outcomes in a cohort of RAS/BRAF wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with initially unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). To that end, we sought to comparatively evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab plus FOLFOXIRI (triplet arm) versus cetuximab plus FOLFOX (doublet arm) as a conversion regimen (i.e., unresectable to resectable) in CRC patients with unresectable CRLM., Methods and Findings: This open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 2018 to December 2022 in 7 medical centers across China, enrolling 146 RAS/BRAF wild-type CRC patients with initially unresectable CRLM. A stratified blocked randomization method was utilized to assign patients (1:1) to either the cetuximab plus FOLFOXIRI (n = 72) or cetuximab plus FOLFOX (n = 74) treatment arms. Stratification factors were tumor location (left versus right) and resectability (technically unresectable versus ≥5 metastases). The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcomes included the median depth of tumor response (DpR), early tumor shrinkage (ETS), R0 resection rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (not mature at the time of analysis), and safety profile. Radiological tumor evaluations were conducted by radiologists blinded to the group allocation. Primary efficacy analyses were conducted based on the intention-to-treat population, while safety analyses were performed on patients who received at least 1 line of chemotherapy. A total of 14 patients (9.6%) were lost to follow-up (9 in the doublet arm and 5 in the triplet arm). The ORR was comparable following adjustment for stratification factors, with 84.7% versus 79.7% in the triplet and doublet arms, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 0.70; 95% confidence intervals [CI] [0.30, 1.67], Chi-square p = 0.42). Moreover, the ETS rate showed no significant difference between the triplet and doublet arms (80.6% (58/72) versus 77.0% (57/74), OR 0.82, 95% CI [0.37, 1.83], Chi-square p = 0.63). Although median DpR was higher in the triplet therapy group (59.6%, interquartile range [IQR], [50.0, 69.7] versus 55.0%, IQR [42.8, 63.8], Mann-Whitney p = 0.039), the R0/R1 resection rate with or without radiofrequency ablation/stereotactic body radiation therapy was comparable with 54.2% (39/72) of patients in the triplet arm versus 52.7% (39/74) in the doublet arm. At a median follow-up of 26.2 months (IQR [12.8, 40.5]), the median PFS was 11.8 months in the triplet arm versus 13.4 months in the doublet arm (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% CI [0.50, 1.11], Log-rank p = 0.14). Grade ≥ 3 events were reported in 47.2% (35/74) of patients in the doublet arm and 55.9% (38/68) of patients in the triplet arm. The triplet arm was associated with a higher incidence of grade ≥ 3 neutropenia (44.1% versus 27.0%, p = 0.03) and diarrhea (5.9% versus 0%, p = 0.03). The primary limitations of the study encompass the inherent bias in subjective surgical decisions regarding resection feasibility, as well as the lack of a centralized assessment for ORR and resection., Conclusions: The combination of cetuximab with FOLFOXIRI did not significantly improve ORR compared to cetuximab plus FOLFOX. Despite achieving an enhanced DpR, this improvement did not translate into improved R0 resection rates or PFS. Moreover, the triplet arm was associated with an increase in treatment-related toxicity., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03493048., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Influenza virus is one of the main pathogens causing respiratory diseases in humans. Vaccines are the most effective ways to prevent viral diseases. However, the limited protective efficacy of current influenza vaccines highlights the importance of novel, safe, and effective universal influenza vaccines. With the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic, live-attenuated vaccines delivered through respiratory mucosa have shown robustly protective efficacy. How to obtain a safe and effective live-attenuated vaccine has become a major challenge. Herein, using the influenza virus as a model, we have established a strategy to quickly obtain a live-attenuated vaccine by mutating the cleavage site of the influenza virus. This mutated influenza virus can be specifically cleaved by chymotrypsin. It has similar biological characteristics to the original strain in vitro, but the safety is improved by at least 100 times in mice. It can effectively protect against lethal doses of both homologous H1N1 and heterologous H5N1 viruses post mucosal administration, confirming that the vaccine generated by this strategy has good safety and broad-spectrum protective activities. Therefore, this study can provide valuable insights for the development of attenuated vaccines for respiratory viruses or other viruses with cleavage sites.

The uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccination among older adults in China is suboptimal. Here, we report the results of a parallel-group cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of promoting COVID-19 booster vaccination among grandparents (≥60 years) through a health education intervention delivered to their grandchildren (aged ≥16 years) in a Chinese cohort (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200063240 ). The primary outcome was the uptake rate of COVID-19 booster dose among grandparents. Secondary outcomes include grandparents' attitude and intention to get a COVID-19 booster dose. A total of 202 college students were randomized 1:1 to either the intervention arm of web-based health education and 14 daily reminders (n = 188 grandparents) or control arm (n = 187 grandparents) and reported their grandparents' COVID-19 booster vaccination status at baseline and 21 days. Grandparents in the intervention arm were more likely to receive COVID-19 booster vaccination compared to control cohort (intervention, 30.6%; control, 16.9%; risk ratio = 2.00 (95% CI, 1.09 to 3.66)). Grandparents in the intervention arm also had greater attitude change (β = 0.28 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.52)) and intention change (β = 0.32 (95% CI, 0.12 to 0.52)) to receive a COVID-19 booster dose. Our results show that an educational intervention targeting college students increased COVID-19 booster vaccination uptake among grandparents in China., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Purpose: Ovarian cancer patients with HR proficiency (HRP) have had limited benefits from PARP inhibitor treatment, highlighting the need for improved therapeutic strategies. In this study, we developed a novel SIK2 inhibitor, SIC-19, and investigated its potential to enhance the sensitivity and expand the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer., Methods: The SIK2 protein was modeled using a Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), and the most favorable model was selected based on a GBVI/WSA dG scoring function. The Chembridge Compound Library was screened, and the top 20 candidate compounds were tested for their interaction with SIK2 and downstream substrates, AKT-pS473 and MYLK-pS343. SIC-19 emerged as the most promising drug candidate and was further evaluated using multiple assays., Results: SIC-19 exhibited selective and potent inhibition of SIK2, leading to its degradation through the ubiquitination pathway. The IC50 of SIC-19 correlated inversely with endogenous SIK2 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Treatment with SIC-19 significantly inhibited cancer cell growth and sensitized cells to PARP inhibitors in vitro, as well as in ovarian cancer organoids and xenograft models. Mechanistically, SIK2 knockdown and SIC-19 treatment reduced RAD50 phosphorylation at Ser635, prevented nuclear translocation of RAD50, disrupted nuclear filament assembly, and impaired DNA homologous recombination repair, ultimately inducing apoptosis. These findings highlight the crucial role of SIK2 in the DNA HR repair pathway and demonstrate the significant PARP inhibitor sensitization achieved by SIC-19 in ovarian cancer., Conclusions: SIC-19, a novel SIK2 inhibitor, effectively inhibits tumor cell growth in ovarian cancer by interfering with RAD50-mediated DNA HR repair. Furthermore, SIC-19 enhances the efficacy of PARP inhibitors, providing a promising therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes for ovarian cancer patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The all authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 3 (TNFAIP8L3 or TIPE3) functions as a transfer protein for lipid second messengers. TIPE3 is highly upregulated in several human cancers and has been established to significantly promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibit the apoptosis of cancer cells. Thus, inhibiting the function of TIPE3 is expected to be an effective strategy against cancer. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven drug development has recently invigorated research in anti-cancer drug development. In this work, we incorporated DFCNN, Autodock Vina docking, DeepBindBC, MD, and metadynamics to efficiently identify inhibitors of TIPE3 from a ZINC compound dataset. Six potential candidates were selected for further experimental study to validate their anti-tumor activity. Among these, three small-molecule compounds (K784-8160, E745-0011, and 7238-1516) showed significant anti-tumor activity in vitro, leading to reduced tumor cell viability, proliferation, and migration and enhanced apoptotic tumor cell death. Notably, E745-0011 and 7238-1516 exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward tumor cells with high TIPE3 expression while having little or no effect on normal human cells or tumor cells with low TIPE3 expression. A molecular docking analysis further supported their interactions with TIPE3, highlighting hydrophobic interactions and their shared interaction residues and offering insights for designing more effective inhibitors. Taken together, this work demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating deep learning and MD simulations in virtual drug screening and provides inhibitors with significant potential for anti-cancer drug development against TIPE3-.

Background: We aimed to compare combined intraoperative chemotherapy and surgical resection with curative surgical resection alone in colorectal cancer patients., Methods: We performed a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III trial. All eligible patients were randomized and assigned to intraoperative chemotherapy and curative surgical resection or curative surgical resection alone (1:1). Survival actualization after long-term follow-up was performed in patients analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis., Results: From January 2011 to January 2016, 696 colorectal cancer patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to intraoperative chemotherapy and radical surgical resection (n=341) or curative surgical resection alone (n=344). Intraoperative chemotherapy with surgical resection showed no significant survival benefit over surgical resection alone in colorectal cancer patients (3-year DFS: 91.1% vs. 90.0%, P=0.328; 3-year OS: 94.4% vs. 95.9%, P=0.756). However, colon cancer patients benefitted from intraoperative chemotherapy, with a relative 4% reduction in liver and peritoneal metastasis (HR=0.336, 95% CI: 0.148-0.759, P=0.015) and a 6.5% improvement in 3-year DFS (HR=0.579, 95% CI: 0.353-0.949, P=0.032). Meanwhile, patients with colon cancer and abnormal pretreatment CEA levels achieved significant survival benefits from intraoperative chemotherapy (DFS: HR=0.464, 95% CI: 0.233-0.921, P=0.029 and OS: (HR=0.476, 95% CI: 0.223-1.017, P=0.049)., Conclusions: Intraoperative chemotherapy showed no significant extra prognostic benefit in total colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical surgical resection; however, in colon cancer patients with abnormal pretreatment serum CEA levels (> 5 ng/ml), intraoperative chemotherapy could improve long-term survival., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)