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In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has seen increasingly widespread application in the field of intelligent manufacturing, particularly with deep learning offering novel methods for recognizing geometric shapes with specific features. In traditional CNC machining, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) typically generates G-code for specific machine tools based on existing models. However, the tool paths for most CNC machines consist of a series of collinear motion commands (G01), which often result in discontinuities in the curvature of adjacent tool paths, leading to machining defects. To address these issues, this paper proposes a method for CNC system machining trajectory feature recognition and path optimization based on intelligent agents. This method employs intelligent agents to construct models and analyze the key geometric information in the G-code generated during CNC machining, and it uses the MCRL deep learning model incorporating linear attention mechanisms and multiple neural networks for recognition and classification. Path optimization is then carried out using mean filtering, Bézier curve fitting, and an improved novel adaptive coati optimization algorithm (NACOA) according to the degree of unsmoothness of the path. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through the optimization of process files for gear models, pentagram bosses, and maple leaf models. The research results indicate that the CNC system machining trajectory feature recognition and path optimization method based on intelligent agents can significantly enhance the smoothness of CNC machining paths and reduce machining defects, offering substantial application value.