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Background: Current regulations of anaesthesiology training programmes may affect gender equity, female representation and leadership., Objective: To describe the work regulations of anaesthesiology training programs and working conditions during the early period of child-rearing in European countries., Design: Cross-sectional survey., Setting: National Anesthesiologists Societies Committee (NASC) representatives of the European Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care., Participants: Thirty-eight NASC representatives., Main Outcome Measures: Basic specialist training working conditions, gender-related data, return to work after childbirth and workplace policies against discrimination during anaesthesiology specialist training., Interventions: A 48-item questionnaire to explore the work patterns and conditions for trainees especially for new parents, professional development opportunities and work discrimination regulations in each representative country was distributed to NASC representatives of 44 European countries., Results: We collected the replies of each representative (38 representatives from 44 invited countries' representatives, 86% response rate). The median [IQR] proportion of female trainees was 60% [50 to 68]. There were no reported pay differences between sexes. In eight European countries, pregnant trainees worked fewer hours and were excused from night shifts. Women could not be laid off during pregnancy in all 38 countries (100%). The countries offered a median of 18 weeks of paid (total or partial) maternity leave (range, 13 to 60 weeks). Most countries (89%) accommodate paid paternity leaves. A significant proportion of parental leave was unpaid ( n =18, 42%). Twenty-one (55%) countries allowed part-time work after delivery. The UK was the only country with clear recommendations to formally complain after harassment., Conclusion: European countries have a wide variety of regulations. On paper, numerous countries have various paid maternal, paternal and parental leave; however, it remains to be determined if such leave takes place in practice. The practical consequences of these regulations on female trainees during the child-rearing period need to be explored further., Trial Registration: None., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care.)

Oxidative addition of the P-P single bond of an ortho -carborane-derived 1,2-diphosphetane (1,2-C 2 (PMes) 2 B 10 H 10 ) (Mes = 2,4,6-Me 3 C 6 H 2 ) to cobalt(-i) and nickel(0) sources affords the first heteroleptic complexes of a carborane-bridged bis(phosphanido) ligand. The complexes also incorporate labile ligands suitable for further functionalisation. Thus, the cobalt(i) complex [K([18]crown-6)][Co{1,2-(PMes) 2 C 2 B 10 H 10 }(cod)] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) bearing a labile cyclooctadiene ligand undergoes facile ligand exchange reactions with isonitriles and tert -butyl phosphaalkyne with retention of the bis(phosphanido) ligand. However, in the reaction with one equivalent of P 4 , the electron-rich bis(phosphanido) moiety abstracts a single phosphorus atom with formation of a new P 3 chain, while the remaining three P atoms derived from P 4 form an η 3 -coordinating cyclo -P 3 ligand. In contrast, when the same reaction is performed with two equivalents of the cobalt(i) complex, a dinuclear product is formed which features an unusual P 4 chain in its molecular structure., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The neutral, homoleptic pyridylphosphininenickel(0) complex [Ni(2-Py-4,6-Ph 2 -PC 5 H 2 ) 2 ] ( 1 ) has been obtained by reaction of the formal Ni(0) source [(IPr)Ni(H 2 C═CHSiMe 3 ) 2 ] with 2 equiv of 2-(2'-pyridyl)-4,6-diphenylphosphinine ( L ). Compound 1 can be oxidized both electrochemically and through the use of ferrocenium salts, to afford the corresponding Ni(I) complexes [ 1 ]BF 4 , [ 1 (THF)]PF 6 , and [ 1 2 ](BAr F 4 ) 2 . The structures of these salts reveal an interesting dependence on the nature of the anion. While [ 1 ]BF 4 and [ 1 (THF)]PF 6 show trigonal-bipyramidal coordination of Ni in the solid state, [ 1 2 ](BAr F 4 ) 2 exists as a dinuclear Ni(I) complex and possesses a bridging phosphinine moiety in a rare μ 2 mode. Reactions of 1 with halobenzenes highlight the noninnocent behavior of the aromatic phosphinine ligand, leading to the formation of oxidized Ni complexes but not to classical oxidative addition products. The reaction of 1 with bromobenzene affords the λ 5 phosphinine 2 and the bipyramidal Ni(I) complex [ 1 ]Br, whereas a more unconventional oxidation product 3 is formed from the reaction of 1 and iodobenzene.

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Ruth M. Gschwind and Robert Wolf (University of Regensburg), Christian Müller (Freie Universität Berlin), and J. Chris Slootweg (University of Amsterdam). The image depicts playing cards representing the reported reactions involving 1-phospha-7-bora-norbornadiene. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202000266., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Salt metathesis of 1-methyl-2,4,6-triphenylphosphacyclohexadienyl lithium and chlorobis(pentafluorophenyl)borane affords a 1-phospha-7-bora-norbornadiene derivative 2. The C≡N triple bonds of nitriles insert into the P-B bond of 2 with concomitant C-B bond cleavage, whereas the C≡C bonds of phenylacetylenes react with 2 to form λ 4 -phosphabarrelenes. Even though 2 must formally be regarded as a classical Lewis adduct, the C≡N and C≡C activation processes observed (and the mild conditions under which they occur) are reminiscent of the reactivity of frustrated Lewis pairs. Indeed, NMR and computational studies give insight into the mechanism of the reactions and reveal the labile nature of the phosphorus-boron bond in 2, which is also suggested by detailed NMR spectroscopic studies on this compound. Nitrile insertion is thus preceded by ring opening of the bicycle of 2 through P-B bond splitting with a low energy barrier. By contrast, the reaction with alkynes involves formation of a reactive zwitterionic methylphosphininium borate intermediate, which readily undergoes alkyne 1,4-addition., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.)

New iron complexes [Cp*FeL] - (1-σ and 1-π, Cp*=C 5 Me 5 ) containing the chelating phosphinine ligand 2-(2'-pyridyl)-4,6-diphenylphosphinine (L) have been prepared, and found to undergo facile reaction with CO 2 under ambient conditions. The outcome of this reaction depends on the coordination mode of the versatile ligand L. Interaction of CO 2 with the isomer 1-π, in which L binds to Fe through the phosphinine moiety in an η 5 fashion, leads to the formation of 3-π, in which CO 2 has undergone electrophilic addition to the phosphinine group. In contrast, interaction with 1-σ-in which L acts as a σ-chelating [P,N] ligand-leads to product 3-σ in which one C=O bond has been completely broken. Such CO 2 cleavage reactions are extremely rare for late 3d metals, and this represents the first such example mediated by a single Fe centre., (© 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.)

Reduction of [Cp Ar Fe(μ-Br)] 2 (1, Cp Ar = C 5 (C 6 H 4 -4-Et) 5 ) by potassium napthalenide, followed by the addition of white phosphorus, affords [K(18-c-6){Cp Ar Fe(η 4 -P 4 )}] (2, 18-c-6 = [18]crown-6), which features a planar cyclo-P 4 2- ligand. The related diiron complex [Na 2 (THF) 5 (Cp Ar Fe) 2 (μ,η 4:4 -P 4 )] (3) was obtained by reducing 1 with sodium amalgam in the presence of P 4 . Protonation of 3 affords [Na(THF) 3 ][(Cp Ar Fe) 2 (μ,η 4:4 -P 4 )(H)] (4), while the reaction of 3 with trimethylchlorosilane gives the nortricyclane compound P 7 (SiMe 3 ) 3 as the main product.

A patient suffering from heparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HAT), recurrent arteriothromboses, and acute renal failure after treatment with standard heparin is described. He failed to improve when therapy was continued with low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin (Fragmin, Kabi Pfrimmer, Erlangen, FRG). By means of the in vitro heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) assay it was shown that standard heparin and the LMW heparins Fragmin and Fraxiparin (Sanofi Labaz, Munich, FRG), as well as the enoxaparine Clexane (Nattermann, Cologne, FRG), all induced platelet activation with the patient's serum. In contrast, the LMW heparinoid Org 10172 (Organon, Oss, The Netherlands) did not cause platelet activation. When the patient was subsequently treated by parenteral administration of Org 10172 as anticoagulant over a period of several weeks the number of platelets rapidly increased and the patient almost completely recovered. This case shows that strong in vivo and in vitro cross-reactivity between standard heparin and LMW heparins may occur, but can be avoided by the use of a novel heparinoid, Org 10172. The HIPA assay provides a simple and sensitive laboratory method for the choice of an innocuous heparin or heparinoid for continued parenteral anticoagulation.