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Background: Lymph node (LN) metastases were one characteristic of negative progress of NPC patient despite its advanced therapeutic approaches. One mechanism for the occurrence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated metastases is by increasing N-cadherin expression. The purpose of this research is to determine investigating N-cadherin expression against metastatic LN in NPC cases., Methods: Samples were taken by unproportionate stratified random sampling. N-cadherin expression was examined using immunohistochemistry methods. N-cadherin expression was assessed visually by binocular light microscopy. We analyzed these data using Mann-Whitney U -test to examine N-cadherin expression and lymph node metastases., Results: A strong expression was found in N3 group by 63.6%; 27.3% in the N2 group and 9.1% in the N1 group. In patients with NPC N0 or without lymph node metastases, N-cadherin expression is 0%. The expression of N-cadherin is indeed an indicator of the occurrence of lymph node metastases in NPC with a statistically significant analysis of p = 0.026 (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: There were correlations between N-cadherin expression and lymph node metastasis on NPC patients., Competing Interests: All authors declare neither any conflict of interest nor any grants/sponsorships were received for this work., (© 2023 Yusuf et al.)

Introduction: In COVID-19 patients, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) will increase, and the production of antigens will be excessive, which will cause excessive inflammation of the tissues, especially the respiratory tract, which causes fibrosis in the lungs and can lead to death., Objective: To analyze IL-6 expression of lung tissue in COVID-19 patient severity., Methods: The study is an observational analytic design from July to December 2020. COVID-19 patient severity who died was examined for IL-6 expression on lung tissue. The lung tissue sampling uses the core biopsy method., Results: The total number of samples obtained was 38 samples. Characteristics of patients with a mean age of patients were 48 years, male, the most common chief complaint was shortness of breath, mean symptom onset was 5 days, patient length of stay was 10 days, the most common cause of death was a combination of septic shock and ARDS and the most common comorbid diabetes mellitus. There is an increased WBC, neutrophils, platelets, procalcitonin, CRP, BUN, creatinine serum, AST, ALT, and D-dimer. In this study, the average tissue IL-6 expression was 72.63, with the highest frequency of strong positive 47.4%., Conclusion: An increase in IL-6 expression on lung tissue showed the severity of COVID-19 infection., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Background: The problem of establishing lung tumor diagnostics is a challenge for clinicians, especially pulmonologists, in determining a definitive diagnosis of a lung tumor., Objective: Analyzing the conformity of anatomical pathology results between fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core needle biopsy (CNB) materials in peripheral lung tumors., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to December 2020 with 66 participants. Participants were examined for CNB and FNAB, in which the results of these examinations were compared for conformity. Statistical analysis used the Kappa test with p  < 0.05., Result: Most participants' tumor size was >70 mm, with FNAB results showing malignant category (39.5%), non-malignant (40.0%), and undiagnosed (38.9%; p  = 0.757). Meanwhile, CNB examination showed a tumor size of >70 mm that was categorized into malignant (40.4%) and non-malignant (33.3%; p  = 0.510). Most tumors were located in the right superior lobe that had FNAB results in the malignant (39.5%), non-malignant (30.0%) and undiagnosed (27.8%; p  = 0.306) categories. The CNB examination also showed that most tumors were located in the right superior lobe, which had resulted in the category of malignant (34.4%), non-malignant (26.7%), and undiagnosed (75.0%; p  = 0.240). Conformity of anatomical pathology results from FNAB and CNB subject such as malignancy category of 35 participants (74.5%), non-malignancy of 7 participants (53.8%) and undiagnosed of 4 participants (16.7%) with an accuracy of 69.69% ( Κ  = 0.43; p  = 0.001)., Conclusion: There is a conformity between the anatomical pathology results from FNAB and CNB materials for the diagnosis of lung tumors. CNB showed better results in the detection of anatomical malignancy and specimen adequacy., Competing Interests: Isnin Anang Marhana, Kadek Widianiti, and Etty Hary Kusumastuti declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Author(s).)