20 results on '"Kotresha, D."'
Search Results
2. Caspase dependent apoptotic activity of polycyclic cage-like heterocyclic hybrids.
- Author
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Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Arumugam N, Kotresha D, and Balakrishna JP
- Abstract
A small library of cage-like heterocyclic hybrids encompassing pyrroloisoquinolines, pyridinone and acenaphthene structural moieties have been synthesized and tested for their potential as anticancer agents against HCT116 and JURKAT cell lines. The results revealed that these cell lines are more sensitive towards compound 1g and it showed dose dependent cytotoxic effect at 48 hrs of incubation. The IC
50 values of compound 1g against HCT116 and JURKAT cell lines are 12.14 ± 1.53 and 10.68 ± 0.68 µM, respectively. Further studies on the determination of mechanism of action of compound 1g discovered that it brought the cell death by inducing Caspase 3 dependent apoptosis and also by arresting the cell cycle at S phase. These studies revealed that compound 1g can be recommended as a potential anti-cancer agent., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2020 The Author(s).)- Published
- 2020
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3. Design, synthesis and cholinesterase inhibitory activity of novel spiropyrrolidine tethered imidazole heterocyclic hybrids.
- Author
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Almansour AI, Arumugam N, Kumar RS, Kotresha D, Manohar TS, and Venketesh S
- Subjects
- Acetylcholinesterase chemistry, Binding Sites, Butyrylcholinesterase chemistry, Catalytic Domain, Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Cholinesterase Inhibitors metabolism, Cycloaddition Reaction, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Molecular Docking Simulation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Acetylcholinesterase metabolism, Butyrylcholinesterase metabolism, Drug Design, Imidazoles chemistry, Pyrrolidines chemistry, Spiro Compounds chemistry
- Abstract
A small library of structurally fascinating spiropyrrolidine tethered imidazole heterocylic hybrids has been synthesized regioselectively in good yields employing [bmim]Br mediated 1,3-diplar cycloaddition strategy. The new class of azomethine ylide generated in situ from l-histidine and 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one reacts with various substituted β-nitrostyrenes affording the spiropyrrolidine tethered imidazole heterocylic hybrids. Compounds thus synthesized were assessed for their in vitro cholinesterase (ChEs) inhibitory activities, among them compounds possessing 4-methyl and 4-methoxy substituents on the aryl ring showed potent activities with IC
50 values of 2.02 ± 0.05 and 2.05 ± 0.06 μM against AChE and 12.40 ± 0.14 and 11.45 ± 0.28 μM against BChE enzyme, respectively. In addition, the most active compounds were performed for their molecular docking simulation and the results revealed interesting binding templates to the active site channel of cholinesterase enzymes., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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4. Spirooxindole-pyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids promotes apoptosis through activation of caspase-3.
- Author
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Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Arumugam N, Mohammad F, Kotresha D, and Menéndez JC
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cycloaddition Reaction, Humans, Spiro Compounds chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Apoptosis drug effects, Caspase 3 metabolism, Indoles chemistry, Pyrrolidines chemistry
- Abstract
A small library of spirooxindole-pyrrolidine hybrids have been synthesized for the first time in an ionic liquid, [bmim]Br in good to excellent yields employing a new class of non-stabilized azomethine ylides derived from isatin and tyrosine, a combination that has been rarely employed for the in situ generation of azomethine ylides using [3+2] cycloaddition strategy. Following the synthesis and characterization of the spirooxindole-pyrrolidine heterocyclic hybrids, they were tested for their anticancer activity as against the changes in the concentrations and time periods with different in vitro cell cultures containing cancer and non-cancer cells, where the results revealed for a potential therapeutic activity. Further analysis for the mechanism of cell death by the cancer cells indicated for the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, specifically mediated by caspase-3. Based on these results, it can be demonstrated that the synthesized spirooxindole-pyrrolidine hybrids may serve as one of the better therapeutic agents used for the treatment of malignant tumors., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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5. Dispiropyrrolidinyl-piperidone embedded indeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline heterocyclic hybrids: Synthesis, cholinesterase inhibitory activity and their molecular docking simulation.
- Author
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Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Kumar RS, Kotresha D, Saiswaroop R, and Venketesh S
- Subjects
- Acetylcholinesterase chemistry, Binding Sites, Butyrylcholinesterase chemistry, Catalytic Domain, Cholinesterase Inhibitors metabolism, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacokinetics, Half-Life, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Solubility, Acetylcholinesterase metabolism, Butyrylcholinesterase metabolism, Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Molecular Docking Simulation, Piperidones chemistry, Quinoxalines chemistry
- Abstract
A small library of new class of dispiropyrrolidinyl-piperidone tethered indono[1,2-b]quinoxaline heterocyclic hybrids 7a-j were synthesized employing multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition strategy in [bmim]Br. The azomethine ylide employed is first of its kind and generated in situ from indenoquinoxalinone and l-tryptophan, a combination that has not been employed previously for the in situ generation of azomethine ylides. The synthesized heterocyclic hybrids 7a-j were evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, therein compounds 7h and 7j displayed more potent AChE and BChE enzyme inhibition than the standard drug with IC
50 values of 3.22, 2.01, 12.40 and 10.45 mM, respectively. Molecular docking studies have also been investigated for most active compounds that disclosed interesting binding templates to the active site channel of cholinesterase enzyme., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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6. Highly functionalized 2-amino-4H-pyrans as potent cholinesterase inhibitors.
- Author
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Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Arumugam N, Al-Thamili DM, Basiri A, Kotresha D, Manohar TS, Venketesh S, Asad M, and Asiri AM
- Subjects
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemistry, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Molecular Docking Simulation, Molecular Structure, Pyrans chemical synthesis, Pyrans chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Acetylcholinesterase metabolism, Butyrylcholinesterase metabolism, Cholinesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Pyrans pharmacology
- Abstract
Novel highly functionalized 2-amino-4H-pyrans were achieved in excellent yields under simple grinding at ambient temperature and were assessed for their potential for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 2-amino-4H-pyran bearing nitro groups on both the aryl rings showed the highest activity, with an IC
50 of 1.98 ± 0.09 µM against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 10.62 ± 0.21 µM against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the inhibition mechanisms on AChE and BChE receptors were revealed by means of molecular docking simulations., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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7. Spiropyrrolidine/spiroindolizino[6,7-b]indole heterocyclic hybrids: Stereoselective synthesis, cholinesterase inhibitory activity and their molecular docking study.
- Author
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Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Suresh Kumar R, Altaf M, Padmanaban R, Sureshbabu P, Angamuthu G, Kotresha D, Manohar TS, and Venketesh S
- Subjects
- Acetylcholinesterase chemistry, Animals, Butyrylcholinesterase chemistry, Catalytic Domain, Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Electrophorus, Horses, Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Indoles chemical synthesis, Indolizines chemical synthesis, Molecular Docking Simulation, Pyrrolidines chemical synthesis, Spiro Compounds chemical synthesis, Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemistry, Indoles chemistry, Indolizines chemistry, Pyrrolidines chemistry, Spiro Compounds chemistry
- Abstract
A regio and stereo- selective synthesis of hitherto unexplored hybrid heterocyclic system comprising spiropyrrolidine, indolizino[6,7-b]indole units in good to excellent yields, has been developed via three component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and concomitant trifluoroacetic acid catalyzed Pictet-Spengler cyclization with paraformaldehyde. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme inhibitory activities. Most of the synthesized compounds showed good inhibitory activity, among them, compounds 4d and 4g displayed highest potency against AChE (IC
50 1.88 and 1.98 μM), and BChE (IC50 18.32 and 10.21 μM) enzyme, respectively than the standard drug, galanthamine. Molecular modeling simulation was investigated for the most active compounds 4d and 4g on AChE and BChE enzymes to disclose the binding and orientation of these molecules into active site of respective receptors., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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8. Study on cerebroprotective actions of Clerodendron glandulosumleaves extract against long term bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats.
- Author
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Surapaneni S, Prakash T, Ansari M, Manjunath PM, Kotresha D, and Goli D
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants metabolism, Arterial Occlusive Diseases pathology, Arterial Occlusive Diseases physiopathology, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Brain Infarction drug therapy, Brain Infarction enzymology, Brain Infarction pathology, Carotid Artery, Common drug effects, Carotid Artery, Common physiopathology, Cerebrovascular Circulation drug effects, Male, Maze Learning drug effects, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Phytochemicals analysis, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Phytochemicals therapeutic use, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Rats, Wistar, Swimming, Arterial Occlusive Diseases drug therapy, Carotid Artery, Common pathology, Clerodendrum chemistry, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Plant Extracts therapeutic use
- Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. The resulting burden on the society continues to grow, with increase in the incidence of stroke. Oxidative stress has been involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases including acute stroke.Focal and global cerebral ischemia represents diseases that are common in the human population.In recent years much attention is being paid towards the exploration of herbal preparation, antioxidant agents and combination therapies including COX-2 inhibitors in experimental model of stroke.Possible effect of a hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Clerodendron glandulosumColeb (C. glandulosum)on oxidant-antioxidant status in ischemia-hypoperfusion injury in the rat forebrain has been investigated.Healthy adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups (n=8). Group I was served as Sham control (normal saline 1ml/kg, orally), group II was served hypoperfusion control (normal saline 1ml/kg, orally), group III, group IV were served as hydroalcoholic extract treated (200 and 400mg/kg, orally) and group V was treated with Quercetin (10mg/kg, orally) for 14days to assess preventive and curative effects of C. glandulosum. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity, including antioxidant. C. glandulosum extract (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o) was administered orally, once daily for a period of 2 weeks after the occlusion of BCCA. After 14th days rats were subjected to behavioral studies. After behavioral studies animals were sacrificed and brain was removed and homogenized. Estimation of Lipid peroxidation (LPO) Myeloperoxidase (MPO), estimation of protein levels and the activities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), were performed. Infarct size and histopathological changes were observed in treated groups., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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9. IgG avidity Western blot using Toxoplasma gondii rGRA-7 cloned from nucleotides 39-711 for serodiagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis.
- Author
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Deshpande PS, Kotresha D, Noordin R, Yunus MH, Saadatnia G, Golkar M, Osman S, Karim IZ, and Ghaffarifar F
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Antibody Affinity, Blotting, Western, Chronic Disease, Cloning, Organism, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Nucleotides, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Sensitivity and Specificity, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Antigens, Protozoan genetics, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Toxoplasma immunology, Toxoplasmosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an important cause of congenital infection. The present study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of recombinant (r) GRA-7 cloned from nucleotides (n) 39-711 in discriminating between acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. First, commercial IgM, IgG and IgG avidity ELISAs were used to determine the serological profile of the sera. Serum samples were from 20 symptomatic patients with acute infection (low IgG avidity, IgM positive), 10 with chronic infection (high IgG avidity, IgM negative) and 10 with indeterminate IgG avidity (IgM positive) which were tested for IgG avidity status with an in-house developed IgG avidity Western blot using the rGRA-7 recombinant antigen. All 20 sera from cases of probable acute infection showed bands which either faded out completely or reduced significantly in intensity after treatment with 8 M urea, whereas the band intensities of the 10 serum samples from chronic cases remained the same. Of the 10 sera with indeterminate IgG avidity status, after treatment with 8 M urea the band intensities with six sera remained the same, two sera had completely faded bands and another two sera had significantly reduced band intensities. Discrimination between acute and chronic toxoplasmosis was successfully performed by the in-house IgG avidity Western blot.
- Published
- 2013
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10. Identification of Toxoplasma gondii in-vivo induced antigens by cDNA library immunoscreening with chronic toxoplasmosis sera.
- Author
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Amerizadeh A, Idris ZM, Khoo BY, Kotresha D, Yunus MH, Karim IZ, Saadatnia G, Teh AY, and Noordin R
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Protozoan genetics, Chronic Disease, Escherichia coli, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Library, Humans, Mice, Open Reading Frames, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Toxoplasma genetics, Antibodies, Protozoan immunology, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Toxoplasma immunology, Toxoplasmosis immunology
- Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Chronically-infected individuals with a compromised immune system are at risk for reactivation of the disease. In-vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) is a promising method for the identification of antigens expressed in-vivo. The aim of the present study was to apply IVIAT to identify antigens which are expressed in-vivo during T. gondii infection using sera from individuals with chronic toxoplasmosis. Forty serum samples were pooled, pre-adsorped against three different preparations of antigens, from each in-vitro grown T. gondii and Escherichia coli XLBlue MRF', and then used to screen a T. gondii cDNA expression library. Sequencing of DNA inserts from positive clones showed eight open reading frames with high homology to T. gondii genes. Expression analysis using quantitative real-time PCR showed that SAG1-related sequence 3 (SRS3) and two hypothetical genes were up-regulated in-vivo relative to their expression levels in-vitro. These three proteins also showed high sensitivity and specificity when tested with individual serum samples. Five other proteins namely M16 domain peptidase, microneme protein, elongation factor 1-alpha, pre-mRNA-splicing factor and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein F had lower RNA expression in-vivo as compared to in-vitro. SRS3 and the two hypothetical proteins warrant further investigation into their roles in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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11. Cerebroprotective effect of Eclipta alba against global model of cerebral ischemia induced oxidative stress in rats.
- Author
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Mansoorali KP, Prakash T, Kotresha D, Prabhu K, and Rama Rao N
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants metabolism, Antioxidants pharmacology, Brain drug effects, Brain metabolism, Brain pathology, Brain Edema etiology, Brain Edema prevention & control, Brain Ischemia metabolism, Cerebral Infarction etiology, Cerebral Infarction metabolism, Cerebral Infarction prevention & control, Coronary Occlusion, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Neuroprotective Agents pharmacology, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Quercetin pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Reperfusion Injury metabolism, Stroke complications, Stroke drug therapy, Stroke metabolism, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Brain Ischemia drug therapy, Eclipta, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Reperfusion Injury prevention & control
- Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to contribute to neuronal damage induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible cerebroprotective and antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta alba against global cerebral ischemia in the rat. Adult Wistar albino rats were treated with extract of Eclipta alba (250 and 500mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days. The global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by occluding bilateral common carotid arteries (BCCA) for 30min, followed by 4h reperfusion. Quercetin (20mg/kg, i.p.) was used for the reference compound. After that, animals were sacrificed by decapitation, brain was removed, various biochemical estimations, cerebral edema, assessment of cerebral infarct size, and histopathological examinations were carried out. BCCA caused significant depletion in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutahione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione ruductase (GR) and significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain. Pretreatment with hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta alba significantly reversed the levels of biochemical parameters and significantly reduced the edema and cerebral infarct size as compared to the ischemic control group. Eclipta alba at higher dose markedly reduced ischemia-induced neuronal loss of the brain. Reduction of cerebral edema, an early symptom of ischemia, is one of the most important remedies for reducing subsequent chronic neural damage in stroke. The results of the study show that Eclipta alba pretreatment ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and enhances the antioxidant defense against BCCA occlusion induced I/R in rats; so it exhibits cerebroprotective property. HPLC fingerprint of hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta alba was performed for conforming the coumestan present in the plant extract., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
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12. Anti-obese activity of Butea monosperma (Lam) bark extract in experimentally induced obese rats.
- Author
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Dixit P, Prakash T, Karki R, and Kotresha D
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Butea chemistry, Obesity drug therapy, Plant Bark chemistry, Plant Extracts therapeutic use
- Abstract
To study the efficacy of ethanolic extract of B. monosperma bark in cafeteria and atherogenic diet fed rats and monosodium glutamate (MSG) obese rats, different doses (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of B. monosperma bark showed dose dependent decrease in body weight, daily food intake, glucose, lipids, internal organs' weight and fat pad weight in cafeteria and atherogenic diet fed rats and monosodium glutamate obese rats. The results suggested that B. monosperma has significant anti-obese activity.
- Published
- 2012
13. Effect of Terminalia catappa on lipid profile in transplanted fibrosarcoma in rats.
- Author
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Naitik P, Prakash T, Kotresha D, and Rao NR
- Abstract
To evaluate the effect of an antitumor activity of Terminalia catappa on lipid lowering activity in transplanted fibrosarcoma in Wistar albino rats. Methylcholantherene-induced fibrosarcoma was transplanted in rats. After 30(th) day when tumor became palpable, started the treatment of ethanolic extract of Terminalia catappa by orally (250 and 500 mg/kg) for a period of 20 days. The blood sample was collected on 21(st) day, and the liver and the kidney were also removed for studying the lipid profile in serum and the tissues. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were markedly elevated and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was markedly decreased in the serum of tumor bearing rats. Significant alterations were also observed in the lipid profile of liver and kidney. These changes were significantly reversed in Terminalia catappa (500 mg/kg) treated animals. The reversal of altered lipid levels to normal values in rats with experimentally induced tumor was showed antitumor activity by Terminalia catappa.
- Published
- 2012
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14. Recombinant proteins from new constructs of SAG1 and GRA7 sequences and their usefulness to detect acute toxoplasmosis.
- Author
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Kotresha D, Poonam D, Muhammad Hafiznur Y, Saadatnia G, Nurulhasanah O, Sabariah O, Tan SY, Izzati Zahidah AK, and Rahmah N
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromatography, Affinity, Cloning, Molecular, Gene Expression, Humans, Immunoblotting methods, Immunoglobulin G blood, Immunoglobulin M blood, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Recombinant Proteins isolation & purification, Sensitivity and Specificity, Serologic Tests methods, Toxoplasma genetics, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Antigens, Protozoan genetics, Antigens, Protozoan isolation & purification, Protozoan Proteins genetics, Protozoan Proteins isolation & purification, Toxoplasmosis diagnosis
- Abstract
In this study we have cloned unreported gene fragments of Toxoplasma gondii GRA7 and SAG1 and expressed the corresponding recombinant proteins, followed by evaluation of their usefulness for the serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Both recombinant proteins were expressed efficiently in insoluble form, purified by single step Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and their antigenicity to detect toxoplasma specific IgG antibodies were determined by immunoblotting. A total of 60 serum samples from three groups of individuals based on their anti-toxoplasma antibody profiles were tested, namely (I) IgM+, IgG+ (n=20), (II) IgM-, IgG+ (n=20) and (III) IgM-, IgG- (n=20). Both recombinant proteins exhibited high sensitivity (100%) with sera from Group I. rGRA7 and rSAG1 reacted 40% and 80% respectively with Group II sera. The specificity of the recombinant proteins based on reactivities with Group III sera were 100% and 80% with rGRA7 and rSAG1 respectively. Thus rGRA7 was found to be better at discriminating probable acute from chronic phases of toxoplasmosis, and it also showed higher specificity.
- Published
- 2012
15. Cerebroprotective activity of Wedelia calendulacea on global cerebral ischemia in rats.
- Author
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Prakash T, Kotresha D, and Rama Rao N
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain pathology, Brain Ischemia pathology, Cerebral Infarction drug therapy, Cerebral Infarction pathology, Male, Plant Extracts chemistry, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Reperfusion Injury pathology, Time Factors, Brain Ischemia drug therapy, Neuroprotective Agents therapeutic use, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Reperfusion Injury drug therapy, Wedelia chemistry
- Abstract
The present study was to investigate the effect of W. calendulacea on ischemia and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury. Cerebral ischemia was induced by occluding right and left common carotid arteries (global cerebral ischemia) for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 1 h and 4 h individually. Various biochemical alterations, produced subsequent to the application of bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) followed by reperfusion viz. increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), level in the brain tissue, Western blot analysis (Cu-Zn-SOD and CAT) and assessment of cerebral infarct size were measured. All those enzymes are markedly reversed and restored to near normal level in the groups pretreated with W. calendulacea (250 and 500 mg/kg given orally in single and double dose/day for 10 days) in dose-dependent way. The effect of W. calendulacea had increased significantly the protein expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn-SOD) and CAT in cerebral ischemia. W. claendulacea was markedly decrease cerebral infarct damages but results are not statistically significant. It can be concluded that W. calendulacea possesses a neuroprotective activity against cerebral ischemia in rat.
- Published
- 2011
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16. Neuroprotective activity of Wedelia calendulacea on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress in rats.
- Author
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Prakash T, Kotresha D, and Nedendla RR
- Abstract
Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of Wedelia calendulacea against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress in the rats., Materials and Methods: The global cerebral ischemia was induced in male albino Wistar rats by occluding the bilateral carotid arteries for 30 min followed by 1 h and 4 h reperfusion. At various times of reperfusion, the histopathological changes and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) activity and brain water content were measured., Results: The ischemic changes were preceded by increase in concentration of MDA, hydrogen peroxide and followed by decreased GPx, GR, and GST activity. Treatment with W. calendulacea significantly attenuated ischemia-induced oxidative stress. W. calendulacea administration markedly reversed and restored to near normal level in the groups pre-treated with methanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg, given orally in single and double dose/day for 10 days) in dose-dependent way. Similarly, W. calendulacea reversed the brain water content in the ischemia reperfusion animals. The neurodegenaration also conformed by the histopathological changes in the cerebral-ischemic animals., Conclusion: The findings from the present investigation reveal that W. calendulacea protects neurons from global cerebral-ischemic injury in rat by attenuating oxidative stress.
- Published
- 2011
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17. Antihyperlipidemic potential of Cedrus deodara extracts in monosodium glutamate induced obesity in neonatal rats.
- Author
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Patil S, Prakash T, Kotresha D, Rao NR, and Pandy N
- Abstract
Objective: To study the antihyperlipidemic effect of Cedrus deodara (C. deodara) against monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obesity in neonatal rats., Materials and Methods: The studies were carried out on newborn neonatal rats and were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg/g of MSG on the 2(nd) and 4(th) postnatal days and 4 mg/g on 6(th), 8(th) and 10(th) postnatal days. Ethanolic extract (EE) and acetone extract (AE) of C. deodara was administered in a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o./day at the age of 65 days. On day 60 of treatment, body weight, locomotor activity, body temperature, and various biochemical parameters like serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and organs weights were recorded., Results: There was a significant reduction in body weight, organs and increased body temperature, locomotor activity after treatment with extracts. C. deodara decreased serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels and increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly has compared to MSG-control rats., Conclusion: C. deodara extracts exhibited antihyperlipidemic effect and it possesses anti-obesity properties in MSG induced obese rats.
- Published
- 2011
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18. Antiulcerogenic activity of Terminalia chebula fruit in experimentally induced ulcer in rats.
- Author
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Sharma P, Prakash T, Kotresha D, Ansari MA, Sahrm UR, Kumar B, Debnath J, and Goli D
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Ulcer Agents isolation & purification, Female, Male, Mice, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Random Allocation, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Stomach Ulcer pathology, Anti-Ulcer Agents therapeutic use, Fruit, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Stomach Ulcer drug therapy, Terminalia
- Abstract
Context: Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) is a medium-sized tree that grows in the wild throughout India. T. chebula has been extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani, and homoeopathic medicine. The fruit has been used as a traditional medicine for a household remedy against various human ailments. Traditionally T. chebula is used to cure chronic ulcer, gastritis, and stomach cancers., Objective: The present study is to evaluate the antiulcer effect of hydroalcoholic (70%) extract of Terminalia chebula fruit., Materials and Methods: Aspirin, ethanol and cold restraint stress-induced ulcer methods in rats were used for the study. The effects of the extract on gastric secretions, pH, total and free acidity using pylorus ligated methods were also evaluated., Results: Animals pretreated with doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract showed significant reduction in lesion index, total affected area and percentage of lesion in comparison with control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) in the aspirin, ethanol and cold restraint stress-induced ulcer models. Similarly extracts increased mucus production in aspirin and ethanol-induced ulcer models. At doses of 200 and 500 mg/kg of T. chebula extract showed antisecretory activity in pylorus ligated model, which lead to a reduction in the gastric juice volume, free acidity, total acidity, and significantly increased gastric pH., Discussion and Conclusion: These findings indicate that hydroalcoholic extract of the fruit T. chebula displays potential antiulcerogenic activity. This activity thus lends pharmacological credence to the suggested use of the plant as a natural remedy in the treatment or management of ulcer.
- Published
- 2011
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19. Recombinant proteins in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
- Author
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Kotresha D and Noordin R
- Subjects
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Membrane Proteins immunology, Pregnancy, Protozoan Proteins immunology, Recombinant Proteins immunology, Serologic Tests, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital diagnosis, Antibodies, Protozoan blood, Antigens, Protozoan immunology, Toxoplasmosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an important human pathogen with a worldwide distribution. It is primarily of medical importance for pregnant women and immunocompromised patients. Primary infection of the former is often associated with fetal infection, which can lead to abortion or severe neonatal malformation. Immunocompromised patients are at risk of contracting the severe form of the disease that may be fatal. Thus, detection of T. gondii infection with high sensitivity and specificity is crucial in the management of the disease. Toxoplasmosis is generally diagnosed by demonstrating specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies to toxoplasma antigens in the patient's serum sample. Most of the commercially available tests use T. gondii native antigens and display wide variations in test accuracy. Recombinant antigens have great potential as diagnostic reagents for use in assays to detect toxoplasmosis. Thus in this review, we address recent advances in the use of Toxoplasma recombinant proteins for serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
- Published
- 2010
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20. Role of endosulfan in mediating stress responses in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
- Author
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Vidyasagar GM, Kotresha D, Sreenivasa N, and Karnam R
- Subjects
- Sorghum physiology, Endosulfan pharmacology, Insecticides pharmacology, Sorghum drug effects, Stress, Physiological drug effects
- Abstract
Present study revealed the importance of endosulfan in mediating stress responses in Sorghum bicolor L. Moench (variety JP-1-1). The seeds treated with different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) of endosulfan showed a significant decrease in percent germination over control. As the concentration increased, the shoot length, root length and biomass decreased. The amount of chlorophyll-a and protein decreased gradually with the increase in endosulfan concentration, whereas phenol and proline contents increased from 1.08 to 1.57 mg g(-1) and 0.18 to 0.98 mg g(-1), respectively. Chlorophyll-b decreased in 0.2% (0.97 mg g(-1)) as compared to control and revealed a gradual increase in 0.4% (1.11 mg g(-1)) and 0.6% (1.13 mg g(-1)). Endosulfan treatment suppressed the catalase and protease activity, but significantly increased the level of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, SOD and amylase enzymes. Lowerdose (0.2%) of endosulfan stimulated the activity of amylases.
- Published
- 2009
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