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Currently, severe combined abdominal trauma ranks third among all causes of mortality In Russia, second only to cardiovascular and oncologic diseases. In the period from 2019 to 2020 in our country, a slight decrease in traumatism is noted due to a decrease in the number of traffic accidents as the main cause of combined and multiple trauma. The number of abdominal injuries from the total number of injuries In Russian regions ranges from 1.5 to 36.5% and is accompanied by a high level of disability (25-80% in combined trauma and 5-8% in isolated trauma). Despite modern medical advances, lethality in combined trauma of abdominal organs varies from 10.7 to 69.7%, with closed abdominal trauma accounting for up to 6% of fatal outcomes., Objective: Improving treatment outcomes in patients with closed abdominal trauma through comprehensive diagnosis of SCN and optimization of enteral therapy in patients with closed abdominal trauma., Material and Methods: The study included 40 patients (29 (72.5%) men and 11 (27.5%) women), who underwent examination and treatment at the State Budgetary Institution "Research Institute of SP. Im. N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute of St. Petersburg State Medical Center with the diagnosis: Closed abdominal trauma. The age of the patients varied from 25 to 81 years (Mean age was 49.6±13.1). To evaluate the effectiveness of intensive therapy, the patients were divided into 2 groups: the comparison group ( n =26) included patients who were treated with complex conservative therapy. Patients of the main group ( n =14) conservative therapy was supplemented with the use of ER to restore the functional activity of the intestine under the control of ultrasound and assessment of the degree of intra-abdominal hypertension, as well as with Intestamine to stimulate the intestinal trauma., Results: In the course of the study it was found that, as a result of complex enteral therapy in the patients of the main group, starting from the 7th day of stay in the ORIT, positive dynamics was observed, consisting in a statistically significant decrease in the levels of lactate, ALT, AST, LDH, and CRP. By the 14th day there was also a statistically significant decrease in leukocyte and PCT levels. The lethality in the main group amounted to 7.2%, n =1. At the same time, in patients of the comparison group only by the 7th day there was a decrease in concentration of CRP ( p =0.065), by the 10th day - ALT (<0.001) and by the 14th day there was a decrease in leukocytes level ( p =0.038). Lethality in this group amounted to 23.1%, n =6., Conclusion: Timely initiation of pathogenetic enteral therapy contributes to faster normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters, protection of intestinal barrier function, prevention of complications associated with bacterial translocation and bacterial overgrowth syndrome, increase in immunoresistance of the organism.

With increasing life expectancy, there is an increase in the number of patients with symptoms caused by aging of the vestibular system - presbyvestibulopathy. Presbyvestibulopathy is based on degenerative processes in various parts of the vestibular analyzer - from the semicircular canals and otolithic receptors to the conduction tracts and vestibular nuclei. When examining such patients, it is necessary to take into account the multiplicity of damage to sensory systems in the elderly (impaired balance, vision, cognitive functions). Recognizing presbyvestibulopathy as part of the multifaceted aging process will help to develop comprehensive approaches to the treatment of patients who are always at risk for deterioration of the condition. In this review, we discuss the association of presbyvestibulopathy with neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the correlation between presbyvestibulopathy and balance, visual, cognitive, and psychological disorders.

Objective: To improve the outcomes in ICU patients with blunt abdominal trauma via enteral therapy by saline enteral solution., Material and Methods: A retrospective and prospective study included 24 patients (18 (75%) men and 6 (25%) women) with blunt abdominal trauma who underwent examination and treatment at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Care. Age of patients ranged from 38 to 81 years (mean 50.1±13.6)., Results: Enteral therapy was followed by normalization of serum lactate, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase after 3 days. There were significant differences in decrease of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and C-reactive protein. In the control group, these parameters decreased only by the 10 th day., Conclusion: Inclusion of saline enteral solution into the complex therapy contributes to earlier recovery of gastrointestinal function and prevents compartment syndrome. These aspects reduced the number of patients with multiple organ failure.

Objective: To report initial experience of endoscopic transluminal drainage of infected pancreatic necrosis., Material and Methods: There were 8 patients with acute severe pancreatitis and large-focal pancreatic necrosis who underwent transluminal drainage of destruction zones for the period from December 2018 to October 2019., Results: Transluminal drainage of pancreatogenic destruction zones in acute severe pancreatitis can be considered as the only surgical approach in 50% of cases that is comparable with literature data.

This article reports the results of the main fields of the scientific activities carried out by the research personnel of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Rostov State Medical University. In addition the data on the history of the Department are presented beginning from the time of its foundation, together with the characteristic of its ongoing work and the main tendencies of its further development. The most important publications of the scientists of the Department are listed, the new research areas and prospects for the future studies and practical works along these lines are discussed.

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the dynamics of the hormonal status of the adrenal glands in the patients suffering from Menière's disease in its different clinical forms. We examined a total of 26 patients at the age from 29 to 47 years presenting with this condition. All the patients were divided into two groups depending on the character of the disease. Group 1 was comprised of 20 patients experiencing the crises from 2 to 6 times during a year. Group 2 was composed of six patients in whom the crises occurred with a frequency of 2-4 times per week within at least two weeks. The serum levels of cortisol and aldosterone were measured both during the crises and between them with the use of the proper immunoenzyme assays. The control group was formed of 20 practically healthy volunteers. It was shown that the blood cortisol level during a fit of dizziness in the patients of group 1 increased in comparison with that in the control subjects (798.7±71.2 nmol/l and 453.68±49.39 nmol/l respectively; p<0.05). The patients having recurrent crises (group 2) experienced a significant decrease in the blood cortisol levels down to 293.5±38.1 nmol/l during a crisis in comparison with the control subjects (453.68±49.39 nmol/l; p<0.05). During the inter-crisis periods , the blood cortisol level in the patients of the first group remained within normal bounds whereas in the patients of the second group its mean value was 18.7% lower (p>0.05). The serum aldosterone level in the patients of the first group was not significantly different from that in the second group both during crises and in the periods of remission. It is concluded that the results of the study provide the data for the pathogenetic substantiation of the possibility for the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of the patients suffering from frequent crisis of Menière's disease.

This article describes the eponymous terms in anatomical nomenclature of the cerebral arteries. There are historical references revealing the etymology of described eponyms, including information about the professional and personal life of doctors and scientists who had first discovered or described particular structure of the cerebral arterial network. Chronology of the discovery of the cerebral arterial circle is described in details. It is shown that some eponymous terms contain the names of several doctors who studied a particular medical issue simultaneously, which is a reflection of the stages of the medical science development and the evidence of the continuity of scientific knowledge.

Eponym--name of the disease, certain structure or method after the person who usually first discovered and described them. Eponyms are widely spread in medicine which appeared to be in the area of a great interest for a lot of scientists. They can serve as a reflection of the evolution of the medical knowledge and making up the majority of anatomical terms. The article describes 12 arterial eponyms of the gastrointestinal tract giving a full anatomical description. It also gives an explanation of why and how those structures were named after certain scientists and what contribution they've made into the development of medicine.

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of early multiple organ failure in 152 patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to the intensive care unit for the period from 2002 to 2009. The group of patients with early progressive multiple organ failure had high early (29%) and overall mortality (45%) rate, infectious complications rate (39%) and long intensive care unit stay (median - 8 (5; 18) days). Based on the statistical analysis of data the criteria to predicted risk progression of multiple organ failure on admission were: APACHE II score ≥12, SOFA score ≥4, failure >2 organs/systems, Ranson score ≥7.

The objective of the present work was to study microflora in the middle ear of 100 patients aged from 30 to 70 years presenting with chronic purulent otitis media (CPOM) by microbiological and genetic (PCR) methods. An important role of persistence factors, pathogenicity, and microbial antibiotic resistance in the development of CPOM was demonstrated. The frequency of occurrence of herpes and papilloma viruses was estimated. The most common form of the mixed infection was two-component virobacterial associations (46.2%). Three-component associations of viruses with bacteria (Chlamydiae or Mycoplasmas) formed less frequently (34.6%). In 19.2% of the cases, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida were identified in these associations.

This paper presents comparative clinical and somatometric characteristics of sickly children. Statistical analysis demonstrated the relationship between immunological characteristics, somatic types, degree of enlargement of the pharyngeal tonsil, and mucociliary transport time. The authors undertook an attempt to address the problem of adenoids with reference to constitutional types of the patients.

The results of surgical treatment of 53 children (55 eyes) with rhegmatogenous detachment of the retina complicated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) are assessed. The patients were followed up for 10 months to 6 years. Complete adhesion of the retina after surgery was attained in 85.5% and improvement of vision acuity in 89.4% of patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 25.5%, but in only 10.9% of children they eventuated in an unfavorable outcome of surgery or a relapse of retinal detachment. The disease recurred in 19% of children in the course of follow-up. The efficacy of surgical treatment of detachment of the retina depends on the origin of the disease and severity of preoperative PVR.

Problems of environment protection at atomic industry enterprises are considered. The authors emphasize that sanitary and hygienic research shortening is not to be tolerated. Main directions of research in the sphere of environment control methods and population health protection are suggested.

This paper describes a method for simulating transient endolymphatic hydrops based on the generation of vasomotor disorders in the labyrinthine artery area. The method is based on a deep short-term chloroethyl freezing of the lateral surface of the animal surface in the projection of the spinal artery. In histological terms, hydrops is characterized by two factors: vascular lesions (hyperemia of the vascular stripe, venous congestion) and changes in physico-chemical parameters of labyrinthine fluids (edema of cell elements of the labyrinth, membrane deformation, precipitation of the granular-reticular residue in the endo- and perilymphatic spaces). This method can be used to study the origin of endolymphatic hydrops during Ménière's disease, to develop new approaches and to give a pathogenetic substantiation of existing approaches to the treatment of Ménière's disease.