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A new species, Allium sulaimanicum , is described from northern Balochistan and southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan based on morphological, molecular, and cytological studies. The new species is characterised by long runner-like cylindrical rhizomes of adult plants, cylindrical bulbs, linear leaves with minute soft hairs along veins, campanulate perigonium, and white to creamy white, ovate to elliptical, 4.5-5-mm-long acute tepals, with brownish to purplish nerves, stamens as long as to slightly longer than tepals, yellow to brick red anthers, hexagonal ovary, and white and papillate/warty along angles. The presence of long herbaceous rhizomes indicated serious isolation of the new species; hence, a new section Sulaimanicum is proposed to accommodate the new species. The new species is diploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 16. Detailed morphological description, illustrations, phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of plastid spacers ( rpl 32- trn L (UAG) and trn Q- rps 16) and nuclear ITS, karyotype features, and a distribution map of the new species are provided., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Khan, Friesen, Sultan, Fritsch, Khan and Ishaq.)

The accurate calibration of powder diffraction data acquired from area detectors using calibration standards is a crucial step in the data reduction process to attain high-quality one-dimensional patterns. A novel algorithm has been developed for extracting Debye-Scherrer rings automatically using an approach based on computer vision and pattern recognition techniques. The presented technique requires no human intervention and, unlike previous approaches, makes no restrictive assumptions on the diffraction setup and/or rings. It can detect complete rings as well as portions of them, and works on several types of diffraction images with various degrees of ring graininess, textured diffraction patterns and detector tilt with respect to the incoming beam.