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Objective: Ocular hypertension and uveitic glaucoma are important downstream sequela of noninfectious uveitis (NIU). Herein, we describe the clinical outcomes of NIU cases with ocular hypertension and uveitic glaucoma., Design: Retrospective cohort study., Participants: All adults (≥18 years) with NIU under the care of uveitis subspecialty tertiary care clinics between 2010 and 2021 were included., Methods: The primary outcomes were baseline and final visual acuity., Results: A total of 216 patients out of 914 (23.6%) cases with NIU had ocular hypertension or uveitic glaucoma over the study period. Of all patients with ocular hypertension or uveitic glaucoma, 46% were corticosteroid responders. Baseline and last median visual acuities were better for the ocular hypertension patients compared with patients with uveitic glaucoma (p < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients with uveitic glaucoma than patients with ocular hypertension required glaucoma surgery (p < 0.001). The regression analyses suggested that baseline visual acuity and anatomical classification are significant predictors of last visual acuity, whereas diagnosis of ocular hypertension versus uveitic glaucoma were significant predictors of requirement for glaucoma surgery (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: A quarter of patients with NIU in this study developed ocular hypertension or uveitic glaucoma. Approximately half of the patients with ocular hypertension or uveitic glaucoma were deemed to be corticosteroid responders. Baseline and last visual acuity outcomes are better amongst ocular hypertension patients compared with those with uveitic glaucoma. Poor baseline visual acuity and panuveitis are predictors of worse vision at last follow-up. Additionally, diagnosis of uveitic glaucoma was a significant predictor of requirement for glaucoma surgery., (Copyright © 2024 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To report a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis in a patient with multiple myeloma (MM) on daratumumab, a trial cereblon E3 ligase modulatory drug (CELMoD), dexamethasone, and acyclovir, and discuss clinical implications for CMV prophylaxis., Methods: Case report, narrative review of CMV reactivation risk in MM patients on daratumumab and antiviral agent efficacy for CMV prophylaxis., Results: A 63-year-old female presented with 3 days of progressive unilateral vision loss in the right eye to the level of counting fingers. She had a history of relapsed and refractory MM and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). At the time of presentation, she was receiving daratumumab, a trial CELMoD, dexamethasone, and acyclovir. Posterior segment exam demonstrated trace vitreous cells (0.5+ vitritis as per SUN criteria) and scattered hemorrhages with multifocal intraluminal vascular whitening, aligned with infectious posterior uveitis and suggestive of panretinal occlusive vasculitis. Optical coherence tomography showed inner macular edema and epiretinal membrane formation. CMV reactivation was confirmed with PCR of anterior chamber fluid and blood., Conclusion: Patients with MM on daratumumab are at increased risk of opportunistic reactivations including CMV, potentially due to daratumumab's immunomodulatory side effects. Our patient developed CMV-related hemorrhagic retinal vasculitis despite low-dose acyclovir, which provides limited protection against CMV reactivation in CMV seropositive individuals. This case report therefore offers casuistic support for ophthalmic screening for CMV reactivation or CMV prophylaxis with letermovir in this patient population.

Meningeal solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare and have a high frequency of local recurrence and distant metastasis. In a cohort of 126 patients (57 female, 69 male; mean age at surgery 53.0 years) with pathologically confirmed meningeal SFTs with extended clinical follow-up (median 9.9 years; range 15 days-43 years), we performed extensive molecular characterization including genome-wide DNA methylation profiling (n = 80) and targeted TERT promoter mutation testing (n = 98). Associations were examined with NAB2::STAT6 fusion status (n = 101 cases; 51 = ex5-7::ex16-17, 26 = ex4::ex2-3; 12 = ex2-3::exANY/other and 12 = no fusion) and placed in the context of 2021 Central Nervous System (CNS) WHO grade. NAB2::STAT6 fusion breakpoints (fusion type) were significantly associated with metastasis-free survival (MFS) (p = 0.03) and, on multivariate analysis, disease-specific survival (DSS) when adjusting for CNS WHO grade (p = 0.03). DNA methylation profiling revealed three distinct clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 38), Cluster 2 (n = 22), and Cluster 3 (n = 20). Methylation clusters were significantly associated with fusion type (p < 0.001), with Cluster 2 harboring ex4::ex2-3 fusion in 16 (of 20; 80.0%), nearly all TERT promoter mutations (7 of 8; 87.5%), and predominantly an "SFT" histologic phenotype (15 of 22; 68.2%). Clusters 1 and 3 were less distinct, both dominated by tumors having ex5-7::ex16-17 fusion (respectively, 25 of 33; 75.8%, and 12 of 18; 66.7%) and with variable histological phenotypes. Methylation clusters were significantly associated with MFS (p = 0.027), but not overall survival (OS). In summary, NAB2::STAT6 fusion type was significantly associated with MFS and DSS, suggesting that tumors with an ex5::ex16-17 fusion may have inferior patient outcomes. Methylation clusters were significantly associated with fusion type, TERT promoter mutation status, histologic phenotype, and MFS., (© 2024 The Authors. Brain Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Neuropathology.)

This study investigates the cortical correlates of motor response control and monitoring, using the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) as a framework to investigate signals related to low-level sensory processing of motor reafference and high-level response monitoring, including verification of response outcomes with the internal model. We used a visuomotor paradigm with two targets at different distances from the participant. For the recorded movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs), we analyzed their different components and assessed the movement phases during which they are active. Residual iteration decomposition (RIDE) and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) were used for this analysis. Using RIDE, we separated MRCPs into signals related to different parallel processes of visuomotor transformation: stimulus processing (S-cluster), motor response preparation and execution (R-cluster), and intermediate processes (C-cluster). We revealed sequential activation in the R-cluster, with execution-related negative components and positive contralateral peaks reflecting reafference processing. We also identified the motor post-imperative negative variation within the R-cluster, highlighting the response outcome evaluation process included in the action file. Our findings extend the understanding of C-cluster signals, typically associated with stimulus-response mapping, by demonstrating C-activation from the preparatory stages through to response termination, highlighting its participation in action monitoring. In addition, we highlighted the ability of MVPA to identify movement-related attribute encoding: where statistical analysis showed independence of stimulus processing activity from movement distance, MVPA revealed distance-related differences in the S-cluster within a time window aligned with the lateralized readiness potential (LRP). This highlights the importance of integrating RIDE and MVPA to uncover the intricate neural dynamics of motor control, sensory integration, and response monitoring., (© 2024 The Author(s). Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research.)

Tactile and motor imagery are crucial components of sensorimotor functioning and cognitive neuroscience research, yet the neural mechanisms of tactile imagery remain underexplored compared to motor imagery. This study employs multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) combined with image reconstruction techniques to investigate the neural hemodynamics associated with tactile (TI) and motor imagery (MI). In a study of 15 healthy participants, we found that MI elicited significantly greater hemodynamic responses (HRs) in the precentral area compared to TI, suggesting the involvement of different cortical areas involved in two different types of sensorimotor mental imagery. Concurrently, the HRs in S1 and parietal areas exhibited comparable patterns in both TI and MI. During MI, both motor and somatosensory areas demonstrated comparable HRs. However, in TI, somatosensory activation was observed to be more pronounced. Our results highlight the distinctive neural profiles of motor versus tactile imagery and indicate fNIRS technique to be sensitive for this. This distinction is significant for fundamental understanding of sensorimotor integration and for developing advanced neurotechnologies, including imagery-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that can differentiate between different types of mental imagery., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To compare the patient characteristics and long-term outcomes for those treated with and without systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for non-infectious uveitis (NIU)., Design: Retrospective cohort study., Participants: All consecutive adults with NIU receiving care at 5 uveitis subspecialty tertiary care clinics between 2010 and 2021., Methods: Clinical outcomes were evaluated on initial presentation and at the last available follow-up. The main outcome measures were baseline characteristics and final visual acuity., Results: A total of 914 NIU patients (418 IMT, 496 non-IMT) with a median age of 51.0 years and 57.4% female were identified. Over half the patients had bilateral disease, with a significantly higher proportion of bilateral cases in the IMT group compared with the non-IMT group (p < 0.001). The IMT group was more likely to have chronic uveitis (p < 0.001), with a higher proportion of patients experiencing cataracts and cystoid macular edema (p < 0.001 for both). A significantly higher proportion of non-IMT patients had anterior uveitis and an idiopathic etiology (p < 0.001). Overall, visual acuity improved significantly from baseline to last follow-up in the entire cohort (p < 0.001), with a slightly better improvement in the IMT group. Multivariable linear regression analysis suggested that baseline visual acuity and panuveitis were significant predictors of final visual acuity (p < 0.001 for both)., Conclusions: NIU patients on IMT are often younger, suffer from bilateral and chronic uveitis, and are more likely to have ocular complications. Those in the non-IMT group are more likely to have anterior idiopathic NIU. Baseline visual acuity and panuveitis are the main predictors of final vision outcomes among patients with NIU., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Introduction: Bitemporal hemianopia is usually caused by chiasmal pathology. Rarely, chorioretinal lesions may develop symmetrically in both eyes and mimic chiasmopathy., Methods: This case series included three patients who presented to a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology centre with bitemporal hemianopic defects between 2021 and 2023 and were subsequently diagnosed with bilateral chorioretinopathy. All patients received comprehensive examinations from a fellowship-trained neuro-ophthalmologist and uveitis specialist to rule out other causes of visual dysfunction., Results: Three males aged 64, 62, and 72 years were included. All patients showed bitemporal hemianopic defects crossing the vertical midline on automated perimetry and binasal thinning of the macular ganglion cell complex on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) showed classical features of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) in two patients and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) in another. AZOOR diagnosis was preceded by neuroimaging in both cases, whereas the patient with CSCR had longstanding, electroretinography-confirmed lesions and did not require neuroimaging. Fundus appearance and visual field defects remained stable in all patients across 3-6 months of follow-up., Conclusions: Bilateral chorioretinopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bitemporal hemianopia in specific cases, including when visual field defects cross the vertical midline and when neuroimaging fails to reveal chiasmal pathology. FAF and macular OCT have high diagnostic yield as initial investigations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflicting relationship exists for any author., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Purpose: We report a unique case of non-necrotizing occlusive retinal vasculitis presenting two years following chronic hypertensive uveitis., Methods: Case Report., Results: A 32-year-old Iraqi woman with a history of Posner-Schlossman Syndrome diagnosed 10 years prior presented with blurred vision and redness in her left eye. Examination demonstrated ocular hypertension, keratic precipitates, and inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the presence of cytomegalovirus in the aqueous humor, and dilated posterior segment examination was negative for any signs of intraocular inflammation, retinitis, or vasculitis. Her uveitis workup was otherwise negative, and she was treated with valganciclovir for 6 months. Two years after her initial presentation, she was noted to have a new vitreous hemorrhage in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated an occlusive retinal vasculitis with extensive neovascularization without retinitis. Quantitative real-time PCR again demonstrated the presence of cytomegalovirus in the anterior chamber. Her uveitis workup was repeated, which has now returned positive for HLA-B51. She otherwise did not demonstrate any systemic signs of Behcet's Disease. She was restarted on valganciclovir and oral prednisone and referred to rheumatology for consideration of adalimumab initiation. Thus far she has responded very well to treatment., Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of serial posterior segment examinations and HLA-B51 testing in individuals with cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis.

Anterior uveitis presents a diagnostic challenge due to its wide array of etiologies and clinical manifestations. This narrative review aims to equip general ophthalmologists with a comprehensive understanding of anterior uveitis epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Particular emphasis is placed on developing a tailored and stepwise strategy, rather than a one-size-fits-all approach, for the workup and treatment of anterior uveitis. Chest radiography and serologic testing for syphilis, human leukocyte antigen B27, and angiotensin-converting enzyme are appropriate routine investigations in cases of severe, bilateral, recurrent, or chronic anterior uveitis. Additional testing should be guided by clinical findings and regional epidemiology, especially when considering expensive and invasive modalities. Investigations that are obtained in the absence of clinical and epidemiologic orientation are of limited utility and incur significant costs to patients and health care systems. Most cases of anatomically isolated anterior uveitis resolve with topical corticosteroids, but some patients require escalation to systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT). IMT should be considered in patients who respond poorly to corticosteroids, develop side effects related to corticosteroids that limit their use, require high doses to maintain disease remission, or have concomitant systemic inflammatory disease. Comprehensive ophthalmologists should feel comfortable comanaging patients that require conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs/antimetabolite therapy (i.e., methotrexate, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil) with rheumatologists and providing guidance on ocular dosing. When uveitis quiescence cannot be achieved despite maximally tolerated antimetabolite therapy, patients should be referred to a uveitis specialist for consultation and consideration of IMT escalation. The timing of uveitis referral may depend on local factors specific to health care jurisdictions., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We introduce a two-step silica-encapsulation procedure to optimize both the optical efficiency and structural robustness of 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1'-diethyl-3,3'-di(4-sulfobutyl)-benzimidazolocarbocyanine (TDBC), a two-dimensional sheet-like J-aggregate. We report a fluorescence quantum yield of ∼98%, the highest quantum yield recorded for any J-aggregate structure at room temperature, and a fast, emissive lifetime of 234 ps. Silica, as an encapsulating matrix, provides optical transparency, chemical inertness, and robustness to dilution, while rigidifying the J-aggregate structure. Our in situ encapsulation process preserves the excitonic structure in TDBC J-aggregates, maintaining their light absorption and emission properties. The homogeneous silica coating has an average thickness of 0.5-1 nm around J-aggregate sheets. Silica encapsulation permits extensive dilutions of J-aggregates without significant disintegration into monomers. The narrow absorbance and emission line widths exhibit further narrowing upon cooling to 79 K, which is consistent with J-type coupling in the encapsulated aggregates. This silica TDBC J-aggregate construct signifies (1) a bright, fast, and robust fluorophore system, (2) a platform for further manipulation of J-aggregates as building blocks for integration with other optical materials and structures, and (3) a system for fundamental studies of exciton delocalization, transport, and emission dynamics within a rigid matrix.

Error-related potentials (ErrPs) have attracted attention in part because of their practical potential for building brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms. BCIs, facilitating direct communication between the brain and machines, hold great promise for brain-AI interaction. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ErrPs is crucial to ensure reliable BCI outcomes. In this study, we investigated ErrPs in the context of the " guess what I am thinking " paradigm. 23 healthy participants were instructed to imagine an object from a predetermined set, while an algorithm randomly selected another object that was either the same as or different from the imagined object. We recorded and analyzed the participants' EEG activity to capture their mental responses to the algorithm's "predictions". The study identified components distinguishing correct from incorrect responses. It discusses their nature and how they differ from ErrPs extensively studied in other BCI paradigms. We observed pronounced variations in the shape of ErrPs across different stimulus sets, underscoring the significant influence of visual stimulus appearance on ErrP peaks. These findings have implications for designing effective BCI systems, especially considering the less conventional BCI paradigm employed. They emphasize the necessity of accounting for stimulus factors in BCI development., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Berkmush-Antipova, Syrov, Yakovlev, Miroshnikov, Golovanov, Shusharina and Kaplan.)

Tactile Imagery (TI) remains a fairly understudied phenomenon despite growing attention to this topic in recent years. Here, we investigated the effects of TI on corticospinal excitability by measuring motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The effects of TI were compared with those of tactile stimulation (TS) and kinesthetic motor imagery (kMI). Twenty-two participants performed three tasks in randomly assigned order: imagine finger tapping (kMI); experience vibratory sensations in the middle finger (TS); and mentally reproduce the sensation of vibration (TI). MEPs increased during both kMI and TI, with a stronger increase for kMI. No statistically significant change in MEP was observed during TS. The demonstrated differential effects of kMI, TI and TS on corticospinal excitability have practical implications for devising the imagery-based and TS-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), particularly the ones intended to improve neurorehabilitation by evoking plasticity changes in sensorimotor circuitry., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU) who are treated with systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT)., Design: Retrospective case series., Participants: All consecutive cases of adults with NIU under the care of 5 uveitis subspecialty tertiary care clinics between 2010 to 2021 were included., Methods: Patient outcomes were assessed at initial presentation and at the latest available follow-up., Results: A total of 418 NIU patients receiving IMT therapy with a median age of 46.0 years and 59.3% female were identified. Each patient required an average of 1.4 agents until achieving an optimal response. Following initial treatment with prednisone, patients were most commonly initiated on methotrexate. The top 3 treatments with the highest proportion of optimal treatment response when taken alone or in combination with other agents were infliximab (79.3%), cyclosporine (75%), and adalimumab (70%). The strongest predictors for requiring a greater number of IMTs trialed were younger age, panuveitis, and a chronic or recurrent disease course. Multivariable linear regression analysis suggested that baseline visual acuity at diagnosis was the only significant predictor of final visual acuity (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: NIU patients on IMT are often trialed on multiple therapeutic agents before achieving an optimal treatment response. Visual acuity at diagnosis is a predictor of final visual outcomes, whereas chronic or recurrent disease course, younger age, and panuveitis are predictors of requiring multiagent treatment regimens., (Copyright © 2024 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Intérêts concurrents:: Aucun déclaré.

Imposing quantum confinement has the potential to significantly modulate both the structural and optical parameters of interest in many material systems. In this work, we investigate strongly confined ultrathin perovskite nanoplatelets APbBr 3 . We compare the all-inorganic and hybrid compositions with the A-sites cesium and formamidinium, respectively. Compared to each other and their bulk counterparts, the materials show significant differences in variable-temperature structural and optical evolution. We quantify and correlate structural asymmetry with the excitonic transition energy, spectral purity, and emission rate. Negative thermal expansion, structural and photoluminescence asymmetry, photoluminescence full width at half-maximum, and splitting between bright and dark excitonic levels are found to be reduced in the hybrid composition. This work provides composition- and structure-based mechanisms for engineering of the excitons in these materials.

Aims: To develop an algorithm to classify multiple retinal pathologies accurately and reliably from fundus photographs and to validate its performance against human experts., Methods: We trained a deep convolutional ensemble (DCE), an ensemble of five convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to classify retinal fundus photographs into diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and normal eyes. The CNN architecture was based on the InceptionV3 model, and initial weights were pretrained on the ImageNet dataset. We used 43 055 fundus images from 12 public datasets. Five trained ensembles were then tested on an 'unseen' set of 100 images. Seven board-certified ophthalmologists were asked to classify these test images., Results: Board-certified ophthalmologists achieved a mean accuracy of 72.7% over all classes, while the DCE achieved a mean accuracy of 79.2% (p=0.03). The DCE had a statistically significant higher mean F1-score for DR classification compared with the ophthalmologists (76.8% vs 57.5%; p=0.01) and greater but statistically non-significant mean F1-scores for glaucoma (83.9% vs 75.7%; p=0.10), AMD (85.9% vs 85.2%; p=0.69) and normal eyes (73.0% vs 70.5%; p=0.39). The DCE had a greater mean agreement between accuracy and confident of 81.6% vs 70.3% (p<0.001)., Discussion: We developed a deep learning model and found that it could more accurately and reliably classify four categories of fundus images compared with board-certified ophthalmologists. This work provides proof-of-principle that an algorithm is capable of accurate and reliable recognition of multiple retinal diseases using only fundus photographs., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

The study presents a novel approach designed to detect time-continuous states in time-series data, called the State-Detecting Algorithm (SDA). The SDA operates on unlabeled data and detects optimal change-points among intrinsic functional states in time-series data based on an ensemble of Ward's hierarchical clustering with time-connectivity constraint. The algorithm chooses the best number of states and optimal state boundaries, maximizing clustering quality metrics. We also introduce a series of methods to estimate the performance and confidence of the SDA when the ground truth annotation is unavailable. These include information value analysis, paired statistical tests, and predictive modeling analysis. The SDA was validated on EEG recordings of Guhyasamaja meditation practice with a strict staged protocol performed by three experienced Buddhist practitioners in an ecological setup. The SDA used neurophysiological descriptors as inputs, including PSD, power indices, coherence, and PLV. Post-hoc analysis of the obtained EEG states revealed significant differences compared to the baseline and neighboring states. The SDA was found to be stable with respect to state order organization and showed poor clustering quality metrics and no statistical significance between states when applied to randomly shuffled epochs (i.e., surrogate subject data used as controls). The SDA can be considered a general data-driven approach that detects hidden functional states associated with the mental processes evolving during meditation or other ongoing mental and cognitive processes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Mikhaylets, Razorenova, Chernyshev, Syrov, Yakovlev, Boytsova, Kokurina, Zhironkina, Medvedev and Kaplan.)

Despite the prevalence of visuomotor transformations in our motor skills, their mechanisms remain incompletely understood, especially when imagery actions are considered such as mentally picking up a cup or pressing a button. Here, we used a stimulus-response task to directly compare the visuomotor transformation underlying overt and imagined button presses. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded while participants responded to highlights of the target button while ignoring the second, non-target button. Movement-related potentials (MRPs) and event-related desynchronization occurred for both overt movements and motor imagery (MI), with responses present even for non-target stimuli. Consistent with the activity accumulation model where visual stimuli are evaluated and transformed into the eventual motor response, the timing of MRPs matched the response time on individual trials. Activity-accumulation patterns were observed for MI, as well. Yet, unlike overt movements, MI-related MRPs were not lateralized, which appears to be a neural marker for the distinction between generating a mental image and transforming it into an overt action. Top-down response strategies governing this hemispheric specificity should be accounted for in future research on MI, including basic studies and medical practice., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

We assessed the interrater reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form (SITBI-SF) in a sample of 1,944 active duty service members and veterans seeking services for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions. The SITBI-SF demonstrated high interrater reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity. The measurement properties of the SITBI-SF were comparable across service members and veterans. Approximately 8% of participants who denied a history of suicidal ideation on the SITBI-SF reported suicidal ideation on a separate self-report questionnaire (i.e., discordant responders). Discordant responders reported significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms than those who denied suicidal ideation on both response formats. Findings suggest that the SITBI-SF is a reliable and valid interview-based measure of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors for use with military service members and veterans. Suicide risk assessment might be optimized if the SITBI-SF interview is combined with a self-report measure of related constructs.

Quantum photonic technologies such as quantum communication, sensing or computation require efficient, stable and pure single-photon sources. Epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) have been made capable of on-demand photon generation with high purity, indistinguishability and brightness, although they require precise fabrication and face challenges in scalability. By contrast, colloidal QDs are batch synthesized in solution but typically have broader linewidths, low single-photon purities and unstable emission. Here we demonstrate spectrally stable, pure and narrow-linewidth single-photon emission from InP/ZnSe/ZnS colloidal QDs. Using photon correlation Fourier spectroscopy, we observe single-dot linewidths as narrow as ~5 µeV at 4 K, giving a lower-bounded optical coherence time, T 2 , of ~250 ps. These dots exhibit minimal spectral diffusion on timescales of microseconds to minutes, and narrow linewidths are maintained on timescales up to 50 ms, orders of magnitude longer than other colloidal systems. Moreover, these InP/ZnSe/ZnS dots have single-photon purities g (2) (τ = 0) of 0.077-0.086 in the absence of spectral filtering. This work demonstrates the potential of heavy-metal-free InP-based QDs as spectrally stable sources of single photons., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Scalable fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) arrays of quantum dots (QDs) and quantum rods (QRs) with nanoscale precision is required for numerous device applications. However, self-assembly-based fabrication of such arrays using DNA origami typically suffers from low yield due to inefficient QD and QR DNA functionalization. In addition, it is challenging to organize solution-assembled DNA origami arrays on 2D device substrates while maintaining their structural fidelity. Here, we reduced manufacturing time from a few days to a few minutes by preparing high-density DNA-conjugated QDs/QRs from organic solution using a dehydration and rehydration process. We used a surface-assisted large-scale assembly (SALSA) method to construct 2D origami lattices directly on solid substrates to template QD and QR 2D arrays with orientational control, with overall loading yields exceeding 90%. Our fabrication approach enables the scalable, high fidelity manufacturing of 2D addressable QDs and QRs with nanoscale orientational and spacing control for functional 2D photonic devices.

Solid-state single-photon emitters (SPEs) are quantum light sources that combine atomlike optical properties with solid-state integration and fabrication capabilities. SPEs are hindered by spectral diffusion, where the emitter's surrounding environment induces random energy fluctuations. Timescales of spectral diffusion span nanoseconds to minutes and require probing single emitters to remove ensemble averaging. Photon correlation Fourier spectroscopy (PCFS) can be used to measure time-resolved single emitter line shapes, but is hindered by poor signal-to-noise ratio in the measured correlation functions at early times due to low photon counts. Here, we develop a framework to simulate PCFS correlation functions directly from diffusing spectra that match well with experimental data for single colloidal quantum dots. We use these simulated datasets to train a deep ensemble autoencoder machine learning model that outputs accurate, noiseless, and probabilistic reconstructions of the noisy correlations. Using this model, we obtain reconstructed time-resolved single dot emission line shapes at timescales as low as 10 ns, which are otherwise completely obscured by noise. This enables PCFS to extract optical coherence times on the same timescales as Hong-Ou-Mandel two-photon interference, but with the advantage of providing spectral information in addition to estimates of photon indistinguishability. Our machine learning approach is broadly applicable to different photon correlation spectroscopy techniques and SPE systems, offering an enhanced tool for probing single emitter line shapes on previously inaccessible timescales.

Background: Motor Imagery (MI) is a well-known cognitive technique that utilizes the same neural circuits as voluntary movements. Therefore, MI practice is widely used in sport training and post-stroke rehabilitation. The suppression of the μ-rhythm in electroencephalogram (EEG) is a conventional marker of sensorimotor cortical activation during motor imagery. However, the role of somatosensory afferentation in mental imagery processes is not yet clear. In this study, we investigated the impact of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on μ-rhythm suppression during motor imagery., Methods: Thirteen healthy experienced participants were asked to imagine their right hand grasping, while a 30-channel EEG was recorded. FES was used to influence sensorimotor activation during motor imagery of the same hand., Results: We evaluated cortical activation by estimating the μ-rhythm suppression index, which was assessed in three experimental conditions: MI, MI + FES, and FES. Our findings shows that motor imagery enhanced by FES leads to a more prominent μ-rhythm suppression. Obtained results suggest a direct effect of peripheral electrical stimulation on cortical activation, especially when combined with motor imagery., Conclusion: This research sheds light on the potential benefits of integrating FES into motor imagery-based interventions to enhance cortical activation and holds promise for applications in neurorehabilitation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Yakovlev, Syrov and Kaplan.)

It is well known that both hand movements and mental representations of movement lead to event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded over the corresponding cortical motor areas. However, the relationship between ERD in somatosensory cortical areas and mental representations of tactile sensations is not well understood. In this study, we employed EEG recordings in healthy humans to compare the effects of real and imagined vibrotactile stimulation of the right hand. Both real and imagined sensations produced contralateral ERD patterns, particularly in the μ-band and most significantly in the C3 region. Building on these results and the previous literature, we discuss the role of tactile imagery as part of the complex body image and the potential for using EEG patterns induced by tactile imagery as control signals in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Combining this approach with motor imagery (MI) could improve the performance of BCIs intended for rehabilitation of sensorimotor function after stroke and neural trauma., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2023 Yakovlev et al.)

Highly accurate visualization of the points of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) application on the brain cortical surface could provide anatomy-specific analysis of TMS effects. TMS is widely used to activate cortical areas with high spatial resolution, and neuronavigation enables site-specific TMS of particular gyrus sites. Precise control of TMS application points is crucial in determining the stimulation effects. Here, we propose a method that gives an opportunity to visualize and analyze the stimulated cortical sites by processing multi-parameter data.•This method uses MRI data to create a participant's brain model for visualization. The MRI data is segmented to obtain a raw 3D model, which is further optimized in 3D modeling software.•A Python script running in Blender uses the TMS coil's orientation data and participant's brain 3D model to define and mark the cortical sites affected by the particular TMS pulse.•The Python script can be easily customized to visualize TMS points task-specifically., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Action observation (AO) is widely used as a post-stroke therapy to activate sensorimotor circuits through the mirror neuron system. However, passive observation is often considered to be less effective and less interactive than goal-directed movement observation, leading to the suggestion that observation of goal-directed actions may have stronger therapeutic potential, as goal-directed AO has been shown to activate mechanisms for monitoring action errors. Some studies have also suggested the use of AO as a form of Brain-computer interface (BCI) feedback. In this study, we investigated the potential for observation of virtual hand movements within a P300-based BCI as a feedback system to activate the mirror neuron system. We also explored the role of feedback anticipation and estimation mechanisms during movement observation. Twenty healthy subjects participated in the study. We analyzed event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/S) of sensorimotor EEG rhythms and Error-related potentials (ErrPs) during observation of virtual hand finger flexion presented as feedback in the P300-BCI loop and compared the dynamics of ERD/S and ErrPs during observation of correct feedback and errors. We also analyzed these EEG markers during passive AO under two conditions: when subjects anticipated the action demonstration and when the action was unexpected. A pre-action mu-ERD was found both before passive AO and during action anticipation within the BCI loop. Furthermore, a significant increase in beta-ERS was found during AO within incorrect BCI feedback trials. We suggest that the BCI feedback may exaggerate the passive-AO effect, as it engages feedback anticipation and estimation mechanisms as well as movement error monitoring simultaneously. The results of this study provide insights into the potential of P300-BCI with AO-feedback as a tool for neurorehabilitation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Syrov, Yakovlev, Miroshnikov and Kaplan.)

Hybrid perovskites have emerged as a promising material candidate for exciton-polariton (polariton) optoelectronics. Thermodynamically, low-threshold Bose-Einstein condensation requires efficient scattering to the polariton energy dispersion minimum, and many applications demand precise control of polariton interactions. Thus far, the primary mechanisms by which polaritons relax in perovskites remains unclear. In this work, we perform temperature-dependent measurements of polaritons in low-dimensional perovskite wedged microcavities achieving a Rabi splitting of [Formula: see text] = 260 ± 5 meV. We change the Hopfield coefficients by moving the optical excitation along the cavity wedge and thus tune the strength of the primary polariton relaxation mechanisms in this material. We observe the polariton bottleneck regime and show that it can be overcome by harnessing the interplay between the different excitonic species whose corresponding dynamics are modified by strong coupling. This work provides an understanding of polariton relaxation in perovskites benefiting from efficient, material-specific relaxation pathways and intracavity pumping schemes from thermally brightened excitonic species., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have emerged as a potential next-generation single quantum emitter (QE) material for quantum optics and quantum information science. Optical dephasing processes at cryogenic temperatures are critical to the quality of a QE, making a mechanistic understanding of coherence losses of fundamental interest. We use photon-correlation Fourier spectroscopy (PCFS) to obtain a lower bound to the optical coherence times of single PNCs as a function of temperature. We find that 20 nm CsPbBr 3 PNCs emit nearly exclusively into a narrow zero-phonon line from 4 to 13 K. Remarkably, no spectral diffusion is observed at time scales of 10 μs to 5 ms. Our results suggest that exciton dephasing in this temperature range is dominated by elastic scattering from phonon modes with characteristic frequencies of 1-3 meV, while inelastic scattering is minimal due to weak exciton-phonon coupling.

Quantum confined lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets are anisotropic materials displaying strongly bound excitons with spectrally pure photoluminescence. We report the controlled assembly of CsPbBr 3 nanoplatelets through varying the evaporation rate of the dispersion solvent. We confirm the assembly of superlattices in the face-down and edge-up configurations by electron microscopy, as well as X-ray scattering and diffraction. Polarization-resolved spectroscopy shows that superlattices in the edge-up configuration display significantly polarized emission compared to face-down counterparts. Variable-temperature X-ray diffraction of both face-down and edge-up superlattices uncovers a uniaxial negative thermal expansion in ultrathin nanoplatelets, which reconciles the anomalous temperature dependence of the emission energy. Additional structural aspects are investigated by multilayer diffraction fitting, revealing a significant decrease in superlattice order with decreasing temperature, with a concomitant expansion of the organic sublattice and increase of lead halide octahedral tilt.

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) are an emerging materials system with broad potential applications, including as emitters of quantum light. We apply design principles aimed at the structural optimization of surface ligand species for CsPbBr 3 NCs, leading us to the study of LHP NCs with dicationic quaternary ammonium bromide ligands. Through the selection of linking groups and aliphatic backbones guided by experiments and computational support, we demonstrate consistently narrow photoluminescence line shapes with a full-width-at-half-maximum below 70 meV. We observe bulk-like Stokes shifts throughout our range of particle sizes, from 7 to 16 nm. At cryogenic temperatures, we find sub-200 ps lifetimes, significant photon coherence, and the fraction of photons emitted into the coherent channel increasing markedly to 86%. A 4-fold reduction in inhomogeneous broadening from previous work paves the way for the integration of LHP NC emitters into nanophotonic architectures to enable advanced quantum optical investigation.

Currently, P300-BCIs are mostly used for spelling tasks, where the number of commands is equal to the number of stimuli that evoke event-related potentials (ERPs). Increasing this number slows down the BCI operation because each stimulus has to be presented several times for better classification. Furthermore, P300 spellers typically do not utilize potentially useful imagery-based approaches, such as the motor imagery successfully practiced in motor rehabilitation. Here, we tested a P300-BCI with a motor-imagery component. In this BCI, the number of commands was increased by adding mental strategies instead of increasing the number of targets. Our BCI had only two stimuli and four commands. The subjects either counted target appearances mentally or imagined hand movements toward the targets. In this design, the motor-imagery paradigm enacted a visuomotor transformation known to engage cortical and subcortical networks participating in motor control. The operation of these networks suffers in neurological conditions such as stroke, so we view this BCI as a potential tool for the rehabilitation of patients. As an initial step toward the development of this clinical method, sixteen healthy participants were tested. Consistent with our expectation that mental strategies would result in distinct EEG activities, ERPs were different depending on whether subjects counted stimuli or imagined movements. These differences were especially clear in the late ERP components localized in the frontal and centro-parietal regions. We conclude that (1) the P300 paradigm is suitable for enacting visuomotor transformations and (2) P300-based BCIs with multiple mental strategies could be used in applications where the number of possible outputs needs to be increased while keeping the number of targets constant. As such, our approach adds to both the development of versatile BCIs and clinical approaches to rehabilitation.

Sleep spindles are crucial for learning in the cortex and basal ganglia (BG) because they facilitate the reactivation of previously active neuronal ensembles. Studying field potentials (FPs) and spiking in the cortex and BG during sleep in non-human primates following pre-sleep learning, we show that FP sleep spindles are widespread in the BG and are similar to cortical spindles in morphology, spectral content, and response to the pre-sleep task. Further, BG spindles are concordant with electroencephalogram (EEG) spindles and associated with increased cortico-BG correlation. However, spindles across the BG differ markedly in their entrainment of local spiking. The spiking activity of striatal projection neurons exhibits consistent phase locking to striatal and EEG spindles, producing phase windows of peaked cross-region spindling. In contrast, firing in other BG nuclei is not entrained to either local or EEG sleep spindles. These results suggest corticostriatal synapses as the main hub for offline cortico-BG communication., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The action observation networks (AON) (or the mirror neuron system) are the neural underpinnings of visuomotor integration and play an important role in motor control. Besides, one of the main functions of the human mirror neuron system is recognition of observed actions and the prediction of its outcome through the comparison with the internal mental motor representation. Previous studies focused on the human mirror neurons (MNs) activation during object-oriented movements observation, therefore intransitive movements observation effects on MNs activity remains relatively little-studied. Moreover, the dependence of MNs activation on the biomechanical characteristics of observed movement and their biological plausibility remained highly underexplored. In this study we proposed that naturalness of observed intransitive movement can modulate the MNs activity. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) of sensorimotor electroencephalography (EEG) rhythms, N400 event-related potentials (ERPs) component and corticospinal excitability were investigated in twenty healthy volunteers during observation of simple non-transitive finger flexion that might be either biomechanically natural or unnatural when finger wriggled out toward the dorsal side of palm. We showed that both natural and unnatural movements caused mu/beta-desynchronization, which gradually increased during the flexion phase and returned to baseline while observation of extension. Desynchronization of the mu-rhythm was significantly higher during observation of the natural movements. At the same time, beta-rhythm was not found to be sensitive to the action naturalness. Also, observation of unnatural movements caused an increased amplitude of the N400 component registered in the centro-parietal regions. We suggest that the sensitivity of N400 to intransitive action observation with no explicit semantic context might imply the broader role of N400 sources within AON. Surprisingly, no changes in corticospinal excitability were found. This lack of excitability modulation by action observation could be related with dependence of the M1 activity on the observed movement phase., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Syrov, Bredikhin, Yakovlev, Miroshnikov and Kaplan.)

Melanoma-derived brain metastases (MBM) represent an unmet clinical need because central nervous system progression is frequently an end stage of the disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) provide a clinical opportunity against MBM; however, the MBM tumor microenvironment (TME) has not been fully elucidated in the context of ICI. To dissect unique elements of the MBM TME and correlates of MBM response to ICI, we collected 32 fresh MBM and performed single-cell RNA sequencing of the MBM TME and T-cell receptor clonotyping on T cells from MBM and matched blood and extracranial lesions. We observed myeloid phenotypic heterogeneity in the MBM TME, most notably multiple distinct neutrophil states, including an IL8-expressing population that correlated with malignant cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, we observed significant relationships between intracranial T-cell phenotypes and the distribution of T-cell clonotypes intracranially and peripherally. We found that the phenotype, clonotype, and overall number of MBM-infiltrating T cells were associated with response to ICI, suggesting that ICI-responsive MBMs interact with peripheral blood in a manner similar to extracranial lesions. These data identify unique features of the MBM TME that may represent potential targets to improve clinical outcomes for patients with MBM., (©2022 American Association for Cancer Research.)

The tonic activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) is modified differentially by their afferent inputs. Although their unitary synaptic currents are identical, in most CINs cortical inputs onto distal dendrites only weakly entrain them, whereas proximal thalamic inputs trigger abrupt pauses in discharge in response to salient external stimuli. To test whether the dendritic expression of the active conductances that drive autonomous discharge contribute to the CINs' capacity to dissociate cortical from thalamic inputs, we used an optogenetics-based method to quantify dendritic excitability in mouse CINs. We found that the persistent sodium (NaP) current gave rise to dendritic boosting, and that the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) current gave rise to a subhertz membrane resonance. This resonance may underlie our novel finding of an association between CIN pauses and internally-generated slow wave events in sleeping non-human primates. Moreover, our method indicated that dendritic NaP and HCN currents were preferentially expressed in proximal dendrites. We validated the non-uniform distribution of NaP currents: pharmacologically; with two-photon imaging of dendritic back-propagating action potentials; and by demonstrating boosting of thalamic, but not cortical, inputs by NaP currents. Thus, the localization of active dendritic conductances in CIN dendrites mirrors the spatial distribution of afferent terminals and may promote their differential responses to thalamic vs . cortical inputs., Competing Interests: OO, LM, AM, AK, NB, LT, HB, JG No competing interests declared, (© 2022, Oz et al.)

Purpose: To present two patients with treatment-naïve posterior segment uveitis with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like features associated with tattoo-related inflammatory skin changes., Methods: Retrospective report of two cases., Results: Using clinical history and multimodal imaging, a diagnosis of posterior segment uveitis with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like features was made in association with tattoo skin changes in both patients., Conclusion: Physicians should be aware that tattoo-associated posterior segment uveitis with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like features can occur.

Spontaneous pauses in firing are the hallmark of external pallidum (GPe) neurons. However, the role of GPe pauses in the basal ganglia network remains unknown. Pupil size and saccadic eye movements have been linked to attention and exploration. Here, we recorded GPe spiking activity and the corresponding pupil sizes and eye positions in non-human primates. We show that pauses, rather than the GPe discharge rate per se, were associated with dilated pupils. In addition, following pause initiation there was a considerable increase in the rate of spontaneous saccades. These results suggest that pauses are a powerful mechanism by which the GPe may influence basal ganglia downstream structures and play a role in exploratory behavior., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: The federal government responded to the early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States by mobilizing uniformed services and other federal medical personnel to treat patients at the Javits New York Medical Station. Deployment of large numbers of personnel required flexible psychiatric and psychological support., Observations: This report details the establishment of mental health support services for frontline personnel in a large convention center and explores lessons learned to encourage future mental health professionals to apply creative and assertive mental health interventions in disaster settings., Conclusions: Timely and effective interventions included securing safe therapeutic space in high-traffic areas, developing relationships with leadership and frontline workers in their own work environments, and disseminating services throughout the civilian medical system. We suggest mental health supplementation during the medical response mission strengthened morale in frontline workers in a disaster scenario., Competing Interests: Author disclosures The authors report no actual or potential conflicts of interest or outside sources of funding with regard to this article., (Copyright © 2022 Frontline Medical Communications Inc., Parsippany, NJ, USA.)

The content and neural representation of autobiographical memories change over time; however, these changes are poorly understood. We hypothesize that the content of memories becomes semanticized, while the neural representation moves from mesial to cortical structures. We conducted an fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) study on the effects of time on autobiographical memory retrieval. Twenty healthy participants were cued by a selection of photographs that represented distinct episodic memories from 1, 2, 6, and 14 years prior to scanning. Our behavioural data of self-report measures of memory qualia suggests a loss of episodic content over time. GLM (general linear model) results demonstrate that across all time points, visual association cortices and mesial temporal lobes were activated. However, we did not observe any GLM differences between memory time points. We used SVM (support vector machine) in order to predict memory time point based on neural activation patterns. We were able to accurately predict classification accuracy for the 1-year (66.7%), 2-year (66.7%), and 14-year (33.4%) memory time points, with an overall classification accuracy of 55.6%. We suggest that our findings can be interpreted in light of cortical semantization; as memories age, they become more semanticized and shift in representation towards cortical structures., (© 2022 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: Sumana Naidu reports being the Research and Evaluation Lead of the Student–Senior Isolation Prevention Partnership. Alexander Kaplan reports receiving payments or honoraria from AbbVie Medical and Bayer. No other competing interests were declared.

Studies of active duty service members have shown that military personnel who screen positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more than twice as likely to make a suicide attempt. Evidence-based PTSD treatments can reduce suicidal ideation; however, it can be challenging to provide evidence-based, trauma-focused, PTSD treatment to high-risk patients on an acute psychiatric inpatient unit because the priority of care is stabilization. Treatment for PTSD requires more time and resources than are typically afforded during inpatient hospitalizations. Written Exposure Therapy is an evidence-based, five-session, trauma-focused treatment for PTSD that may overcome the implementation challenges of providing PTSD treatment in an acute inpatient psychiatric treatment setting. This paper describes the design, methodology, and protocol of a randomized clinical trial. The goal of the study is to determine if five 60-min sessions of Written Exposure Therapy enhanced with Crisis Response Planning for suicide risk reduces the presence, frequency, and severity of suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, rehospitalization, and non-suicidal, self-injurious behaviors. The study also will determine if Written Exposure Therapy for Suicide reduces posttraumatic stress symptom severity among military service members, veterans, and other adult military beneficiaries admitted to an acute psychiatric inpatient unit for comorbid suicide ideation or attempt and PTSD symptoms compared with Treatment as Usual. The study is designed to enhance the delivery of care for those in acute suicidal crisis with comorbid PTSD symptoms., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)