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Mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) are a large class of viruses transmitted mainly through mosquito bites, including dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and chikungunya virus, which pose a major threat to the health of people around the world. With global warming and extended human activities, the incidence of many MBVs has increased significantly. Mosquito saliva contains a variety of bioactive protein components. These not only enable blood feeding but also play a crucial role in regulating local infection at the bite site and the remote dissemination of MBVs as well as in remodeling the innate and adaptive immune responses of host vertebrates. Here, we review the physiological functions of mosquito salivary proteins (MSPs) in detail, the influence and the underlying mechanism of MSPs on the transmission of MBVs, and the current progress and issues that urgently need to be addressed in the research and development of MSP-based MBV transmission blocking vaccines., (© 2023 The Authors. Insect Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)

Background: As the common delayed complication of supracondylar fractures in children, cubitus valgus/varus deformity might lead to pain and loss of motion of the elbow. The current corrective treatment might not be accurate enough and even contribute to postoperative deformity. This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical value of preoperative simulated surgery on 3D model-assisted osteotomy feasibility verification and surgical guidance for cubitus valgus/varus deformity., Methods: Seventeen patients were selected from October 2016 to November 2019. Deformities were analyzed from imaging data and 3D models and corrected after the simulated operations. The radiographic evaluation comprised osseous union, carrying angle, and anteversion angle of the distal humerus. The clinical evaluation was performed according to the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scoring system., Results: All patients underwent the operation successfully and had no postoperative deformity. The carrying angle was significantly improved postoperatively (P < 0.001). The anteversion angle of the distal humerus did not change significantly (P > 0.05). The HSS score rose after surgery (P < 0.001). The function of the elbow joint was excellent in seven cases and good in ten cases., Conclusion: Simulated surgery on 3D model plays an important role in osteotomy plan and surgical guidance, contributing to good surgical efficacy., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The widespread and frequent use of antibiotics to treat diseases or encourage animal growth has resulted in their persistence and accumulation in water, soil, and sediments. As a typical emerging pollutant in the environment, antibiotics have become an important research focus in recent years. Antibiotics are commonly found at trace levels in water environments. Unfortunately, the determination of various types of antibiotics, all of which exhibit different physicochemical properties, remains a challenging endeavor. Thus, developing pretreatment and analytical techniques to achieve the rapid, sensitive, and accurate analysis of these emerging contaminants in various water samples is an essential undertaking.In this paper, a solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of 22 antibiotics including 4 penicillins, 12 quinolones and 6 macrolides in environmental water samples was developed. Based on the characteristics of the screened antibiotics and sample matrix, the pretreatment method was optimized, focusing on the SPE column, pH of the water sample, and amount of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid disodium (Na 2 EDTA) added to the water sample. Prior to extraction, a 200 mL water sample was added with 0.5 g of Na 2 EDTA and pH-adjusted to 3 using sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution. Water sample enrichment and purification were achieved using an HLB column. HPLC separation was carried out on a C 18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) via gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.15% (v/v) formic acid aqueous solution. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode using an electrospray ionization source. The results showed correlation coefficients greater than 0.995, indicating good linear relationships. The method detection limits (MDLs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the ranges of 2.3-10.7 ng/L and 9.2-42.8 ng/L, respectively. The recoveries of target compounds in surface water at three spiked levels ranged from 61.2% to 157%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.0%-21.9%. The recoveries of target compounds in wastewater at three spiked levels were 50.1%-129%, with RSDs of 1.2%-16.9%. The method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of antibiotics in reservoir water, surface water, sewage treatment plant outfall, and livestock wastewater. Most of the antibiotics were detected in watershed and livestock wastewater. Lincomycin was detected in 10 surface water samples, with a detection frequency of 90%, and ofloxacin showed the highest contents (127 ng/L) in livestock wastewater. Therefore, the present method exhibits excellent performance in terms of MDLs and recoveries compared with previously reported methods. The developed method presents the advantages of small water sample volumes, wide applicability, and fast analysis times; thus, it can be considered a rapid, efficient, and sensitive analytical method with excellent potential for monitoring emergency environmental pollution. The method could also provide a reliable reference for formulating antibiotic residue standards. The results provide strong support for and an improved understanding of the environmental occurrence, treatment, and control of emerging pollutants.

Aim: Analysis of distribution of p-values of continuous differences between test and controls after randomization provides evidence of unintentional error, non-random sampling, or data fabrication in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We assessed evidence of highly unusual distributions of baseline characteristics of subjects enrolled in clinical trials in implant dentistry., Materials and Methods: RCTs published between 2005 and 2020 were systematically searched in Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Baseline patient data were extracted from full text articles by two independent assessors. The hypothesis of non-random sampling was tested by comparing the expected and the observed distribution of the p-values of differences between test and controls after randomization., Results: One-thousand five-hundred and thirty-eight unique RCTs were identified, of which 409 (26.6%) did not report baseline characteristics of the population, and 671 (43.6%) reported data in forms other than mean and standard deviation and could not be used to assess their random sampling. Four-hundred and fifty-eight trials with 1449 baseline variables in the form of mean and standard deviation were assessed. The study observed an over-representation of very small p-values [<.001, 1.38%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85-2.12 compared to the expected 0.10%, 95% CI 0.00-0.26]. No evidence of over-representation of larger p-values was observed. Unusual distributions were present in 2.38% of RCTs and more frequent in non-registered trials, in studies supported by non-industry funding, and in multi-centre RCTs., Conclusions: The inability to assess random sampling due to insufficient reporting in 26.6% of trials requires attention. In trials reporting suitable baseline data, unusual distributions were uncommon, and no evidence of data fabrication was detected, but there was evidence of non-random sampling. Continued efforts are necessary to ensure high integrity and trust in the evidence base of the field., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have become promising sources for bone tissue engineering. Our study aimed at evaluating bone regeneration potential of cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs combined with bovine-derived xenografts with 10% porcine collagen. In vitro studies revealed that although DPSCs had higher proliferative abilities, ADSCs exhibited greater mineral depositions and higher osteogenic-related gene expression, indicating better osteogenic differentiation potential of ADSCs. After applying cryopreserved ADSCs and DPSCs in a critical-sized calvarial defect model, both cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved bone volume density and new bone area at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Furthermore, the combined treatment with ADSCs and xenografts was more efficient in enhancing bone repair processes compared to combined treatment with DPCSs at all-time points. We also evaluated the sequential early bone healing process both histologically and radiographically, confirming a high agreement between these two methods. Based on these results, we propose grafting of the tissue-engineered construct seeded with cryopreserved ADSCs as a useful strategy in accelerating bone healing processes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Zhu, Wei, Yan, Gu, Lai and Qiao.)

Background: Bismuth has antimicrobial activity and can improve the efficacy of triple Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) therapy. Allicin added to conventional therapy for H. pylori infection also improves H. pylori eradication rates. Thus, this study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of allicin-containing quadruple therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy and to investigate the factors that affect the eradication rates., Methods: Two hundred twenty H. pylori-infected patients were included and randomly (1:1) assigned to 14-day quadruple therapy: ilaprazole (5 mg bid), doxycycline (100 mg bid), and furazolidone (100 mg bid) with an allicin soft capsule (40 mg of DATS tid) (IDFA) or colloidal bismuth tartrate (220 mg of elemental bismuth bid) (IDFB). Eradication was confirmed by urea breath tests. Symptom improvement, adverse events, and adherence were assessed by a questionnaire., Results: In the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis, the eradication rates for IDFA and IDFB groups were 87.5% (70/80) vs. 86.3% (69/80, P = 0.815) and 91.9% (68/74) vs. 91.8% (67/73, P = 0.980) as first-line therapies; 83.3% (25/30) vs. 83.3% (25/30, P = 1) and 89.3% (25/28) vs. 88.9% (24/27, P = 1) as second-line therapies. Symptom improvement rates were 96.1% and 97.0% for IDFA and IDFB (P = 1). The adverse event rates were 10.9% in IDFA and 14.5% in IDFB groups (P = 0.418). Nausea occurred frequently in IDFB than IDFA (1.8% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.030). Smoking and sharing utensils significantly affected the efficacy., Conclusion: Allicin-containing quadruple therapy might be regarded as a promising alternative to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy in H. pylori eradication., (Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced CT in the screening of extracapsular spread by head and neck cancers., Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE,CBM,CNKI and SciencePaper Online were searched electronically. Hand-searching was also performed. QUADAS-2 was used by two independent reviewers to assess the methodological quality, and data extraction of included studies was delivered. Meta analysis was conducted via MetaDisc1.4 and STATA 11.0., Results: A total of 8 studies involving 639 participants were included. All studies were retrospective, 1 had high risk of bias, and the remaining had unclear risk of bias. Meta analysis showed that when screening extracapsular spread, contrast-enhanced CT had a pooled sensitivity of 0.67, pooled specificity of 0.84, area under curve of 0.83., Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced CT is a good tool for diagnosing extracapsular spread by head and neck cancers.

As an accumulation of solid organic and inorganic pollutant particles on outdoor ground surfaces, road dust is an important carrier of heavy metal contaminants and can be a valuable medium for characterizing urban environmental quality. Because the dusts can be an important source of atmospheric particles and take impact on human health, the aim of this study described in detail the mineralogical characteristics, morphology, and heavy metal content of road dust from Xuanwei and Fuyuan, locations with high lung cancer incidence. Our results show that the average concentrations of heavy metals in road dust were higher than their background values. Higher concentrations of heavy metals were found in the magnetic fractions (MFs) than in the non-magnetic fractions (NMFs). Magnetic measurements revealed high magnetic susceptibility values in the road dust samples, and the dominant magnetic carrier was magnetite. The magnetic grains were predominantly pseudo-single domain, multi-domain, and coarse-grained stable single domains (coarse SSD) in size. SEM/XRD analysis identified two groups of magnetic particles: spherules and angular/aggregate particles. Hazard index (HI) values for adults exposure to road dust samples, including MF, Bulk, and NMF, in both areas were lower or close to safe levels, while HI values for childhood exposure to magnetic fractions in both areas were very close or higher than safe levels. Cancer risks from road dust exposure in both areas were in the acceptable value range.

Until now, the classification system of oral epithelial dysplasia is still based on the architectural and cytological changes, which relies on the observation of pathologists and is relatively subjective. The purpose of present research was to discriminate the oral dysplasia by the near-infrared Raman spectroscope, in order to evaluate the classification system. We collected Raman spectra of normal mucosa, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and dysplasia by near-infrared Raman spectroscope. The biochemical variations between different stages were analyzed by the characteristic peaks in the subtracted mean spectra. Gaussian radial basis function support vector machines (SVM) were used to establish the diagnostic models. At the same time, principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to verify the results of SVM. Raman spectral differences were observed in the range between 730~1913 cm -1 . Compared with normal mucosa, high contents of protein and DNA in oral dysplasia and OSCC were observed. There were no significant or gradual variation of Raman peaks among different dysplastic grades. The accuracies of comparison between mild, moderate, severe dysplasia with OSCC were 100%, 44.44%, 71.15%, which elucidated the low modeling ability of support vector machines, especially for the moderate dysplasia. The analysis by PCA-LDA could not discriminate the stages, either. Combined with support vector machines, near-infrared Raman spectroscopy could detect the biochemical variations in oral normal, OSCC and dysplastic tissues, but could not establish diagnostic model accurately. The classification system needs further improvements., Competing Interests: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the postoperative radiographic and functional outcomes of reduction and fixation of a posterior plafond fracture using a posterolateral approach. We included 38 patients with a tibial plafond fracture. Fixation was most commonly performed using screws, T plates, or meta plates. The average follow-up period was 38 (range 25 to 72) months. The clinical outcomes of these patients were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot Ankle Society score. The radiographs of the included patients were evaluated twice within 2 months by 3 experienced orthopedic trauma surgeons, who performed the retrospective radiographic review. Articular step off measures included the radiographic appearance of the reduction using picture archiving and communication system measurement tools. All 32 patients showed radiologic evidence of bony union at the follow-up visit; 6 patients were lost to follow-up. The American Orthopaedic Foot Ankle Society average score was 92 points; 21 patients (93.7%) had excellent scores (90 to 100 points), 9 patients (28.1%) had good scores (80 to 89 points), and 2 patients (6.2%) had fair scores (<80 points). Excellent to good outcomes were noted in 93.7% of the patients. One patient developed a superficial infection. Another patient experienced a sural cutaneous nerve injury. The radiographic articular step off was measured as 1 mm or less in 29 patients (90.6%) and 1 to 2 mm in 3 patients (9.4%). One patient (3.1%) developed symptomatic post-traumatic arthritis. The posterolateral approach allowed for good exposure and buttress fixation of the posterior plafond fractures with few local complications. The anatomic repositioning and stable fixation resulted in good functional and subjective outcomes., (Copyright © 2014 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Samples were dissolved using nitric acid, perchloride acid and hydrofluoride acid in the medium of 0.025 mol x L(-1) EDTA with a kind of standard solutions, and the element contents of Ni, Cu, V, Mn, W, Mo, Co and Cr were determined by ICP-AES method. After investigating the spectral interfere from matrix element and coexistent elements, optimum spectral lines were selected for each analyzed element, and the analytical precision, detection limits and recoveries were measured. The results show that the detection limits of the method are very low, relative standard deviations (n=10) are less than 1%, and the recoveries range from 98.2% to 101.6%. The proposed method is accurate, reliable, simple, and rapid. The method satisfies.

Spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of phenol and resorcinol was studied. The absorption spectra of these two components severely overlap in ultraviolet spectral range. In the wavelength range of 250-290 nm, the absorbances of phenol and resorcinol were measured with an internal of 0.5 nm. Two wavelengths at 280.5 and 273.5 nm were chosen for the determination. Dual-wavelength linear regression method was used for the determination of phenol and resorcinol. Twenty five mixture standard solutions were prepared according to the orthogonal projection form L25 (5(6)). Two kinds of the components were linearly regressed. Meanwhile the contents of phenol and resorcinol in six synthetic mixture samples and simulation pharmaceutical preparations were measured. The measurement results showed that the relative error of phenol and resorcinol were less than 5%. The measurement system is stable and reliable. Therefore, the dual-wavelength spectrophotometric linear regression method may provide a new approach to the determintion of phenol and resorcinol in their compound preparations.

The complex reaction of ruthenium with 1,10-phenanthroline was studied. In the medium of pH 5 HAc-NaAc buffer and NH2OH * HCl solution, ruthenium reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline to form a 1 : 3 complex by heating in a boiling water bath for 5 min. The fluorescence peak excitation wavelength is 448 nm, and the emission peak wavelength is 586 nm. The linear relation between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Ru(II) was found to be 0-10 microg x 25 mL(-1). The ruthenium in the sample was separated by distill. The method has been used to the determination of ruthenium in anode slime of alkali chloride factory with satisfactory results.

By means of artificial neural network and Levenberg Marquardt Back Propagation (LM-BP) train algorithm, the three components of pyrocatechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone were determined simultaneously. The absorption spectra of these three components severely overlap in ultraviolet spectral range. Three wavelengths at 283.5, 279.5 and 276.5 nm were selected for the determination. 25 mixture standard solutions were prepared according to orthogonal projection form L25 (5(6)). Three kinds of components were trained. Mean Squared Error (MSE) reaching minimum value is 0.083 114 3. Meanwhile the contents of pyrocatechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone in six simulation mixture samples were predicted. The relative errors of the three kinds of components were slightly larger under the low concentration condition, and the mean relative error for most analytical results was less than 5%, especially it is satisfactory for the analytical results of pyrocatechol and resorcinol with severely overlapped absorption spectra.

The contents of four microamount elements (Sr, Cu, Mg and Zn) in human blood were chosen as recognition index of coronary heart disease patients and normal persons. The recognition pattern of Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation algorithm has been established. The first-layer transfer function is Tansig function; the second-layer transfer function is linear Purelin function. There are four input vectors, eight neurons on hidden layer, and one neuron of output vector. Four samples were chosen as a teat group and 22 samples as a training group. The weights and biases of the neural network were given. The given data could be completely identified, which predicted that this method could be a supplementary tool to diagnose this kind of disease with the determined contents of microamount of elements in human blood.

Gd2O3: Eu nanocrystal was synthesized by EDTA complexing sol-gel process at relatively low temperature, in which ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used as the chelating agent and disperser respectively. The properties of the nanocrystal were investigated by XRD, SEM, EDS, and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that nanosized, homogenous and pure cubic phase Gd2O3: Eu has been produced after the precursor calcined at 800 degrees C for 2 h. The particles of the Gd2O3: Eu are basically spherical in shape and about 30 nm in size. The main emission peak of Gd2O3: Eu nanocrystal is at 611 nm, resulting in a red emission. Compared with micron scale Gd2O3: Eu phosphors prepared by a conventional method, a clear red shift occurs in the excitation spectrum of Gd2O3: Eu nanocrystal prepared by the present work, and the quenching concentration of Eu has been raised. For this type of nanophosphor, quenching starts at an Eu concentration of 8% (mol%), while a value of 6% was obtained for the conventional one.

The determination of phosphorus with crystal violet-heteropoly molybdophosphoric acid in the presence of starch has been studied. In the medium of 0.15 mol.L-1 H2SO4, the apparent molar absorptivity of the ion associated complex is 1.98 x 10(5) L.cm-1.mol-1 at 548 nm, and it is stable for more than 24 hours. Beer's law is obeyed over the range of 0-8 micrograms.(50 mL)-1 for phosphorus. The molar ratio of heteropoly molybdophosphoric acid to crystal violet is established to be 1:5. The method is satisfactory for the determination of phosphorus in iron basic samples.