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Self-assembly reactions of PdX 2 (X - = NO 3 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , ReO 4 - , PF 6 - , and CF 3 SO 3 - ) with 9,10-bis((isoquinolin-5-yloxy)methyl)anthracene (L) in Me 2 SO give rise to single crystals of coordination cages, [X@Pd 2 L 4 ]X 3 , irrespective of X - anions, in high yields. The intracage Pd ··· Pd distance is significantly sensitive to the nestled X - anion, which can serve as a gauge for recognition of ubiquitous polyatomic anions. One interesting feature is that, via π-π interactions, various polycyclic aromatics (PAs) are characteristically adsorbed on the crystal surface of designed coordination cages with a wall of anthranyl moiety. This unprecedented ensemble system shows an efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process from the anthracene (ANT) to pyrene (PYR) via a large degree of spectral overlap between the ANT emission and PYR absorption bands, in contrast to a simple mixture of ANT and PYR.

To foster bottom-up innovations, health care organizations are leveraging interdisciplinary frontline innovation teams. These teams include workers across hierarchical levels and professional backgrounds, pooling diverse knowledge sources to develop innovations that improve patient and worker experiences and care quality, equity, and costs. Yet, these frontline innovation teams experience barriers, such as time constraints, being new to innovation, and team-based role hierarchies. We investigated the practices that such teams in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) used to overcome these barriers. Our 20-month study of two FQHC innovation teams provides one of the first accounts of how practices that sustained worker engagement in innovation and supported their ideas to implementation evolve over time. We also show the varied quantity of engagement practices used at different stages of the innovation process. At a time when FQHCs face pressure to innovate amid staff shortages, our study provides recommendations to support their work., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Competing Interests: P.M. and H.M.N. are employees of Massachusetts General Hospital, where we conducted this study. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.

Self-assembly of CuX 2 (X - = BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , and CF 3 SO 3 - ) with a new tridentate 5,5',5″-(((2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene))tris(oxy))triisoquinoline (L) gives rise to single-crystal pairs consisting of small and large cages, [X@Cu 2 X 2 L 4 ]X and [Cu 6 X 12 L 8 ], respectively, via selection of solvents. In particular, the large cage is transformed into a small cage in acetonitrile above 50 °C. A significant difference in heterogeneous catechol oxidation catalysis between the small and large cages is observed. Such notable catechol-oxidation-catalytic effects can be explained by maintenance of the Cu···Cu distance at the catalytic center. This research is a direct systematic example of both cage-size control via solvent selection and the significance of the Cu···Cu distance in catechol oxidation catalysis with copper (Cu).

Self-assembly of M(ClO 4 ) 2 (M 2+ = Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ ) with (1 S ,1' S ,1'' S ,2 R ,2' R ,2'' R )-(benzenetricarbonyltris(azanediyl))tris(2,3-dihydro-1 H -indene-2,1-diyl) trinicotinate ( s , r -L) and the corresponding enantiomer ( r , s -L) as a pair of chiral tridentate donors gives rise to the chiral cage pairs [M 3 ( s , r - and r , s -L) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 6 . For the two pairs of [(Me 2 CO)(H 2 O)@M 3 ( r ,- s and s , r -L) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 6 (M 2+ = Ni 2+ and Zn 2+ ), the inner cavity is occupied by both an acetone and a single water molecule, whereas for the copper(II) pair of [Me 2 CO@Cu 3 ( r , s - and s , r -L) 2 ](ClO 4 ) 6 under the same conditions, the cavity is filled by only one acetone molecule. Thus, the encapsulation of guest molecules into the cages during self-assembly shows significant metal(II) ion effects. These chiral cages are effective for the enantio-recognition of chiral ( S )-2-butanol and ( R )-2-butanol via the shifts of the electrochemical oxidation potentials obtained by the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) technique, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and the chiral 2-butanol adsorption in the single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) mode.

Self-assembly of M(ClO 4 ) 2 (M(II) = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) with dicyclopentyldi(pyridine-3-yl)silane (L) as a donor in a mixture of acetonitrile and toluene produces crystals consisting of M 6 L 12 double-stranded macrocycles. The geometry around the M(II) cations is a typical octahedral arrangement, but the metallamacrocycles' outer axial coordination environment is sensitive to the M(II) cations. The conformation of the unique metallamacrocycles is informatively dependent on the nature of the coordination around the M(II) cations via subtle co-ligand competition among perchlorate anions, water, and acetonitrile. Both the coordinated acetonitriles and the solvate molecules of the crystals are removed at 170 °C, thereby transforming the crystals into new crystals that return to their original form in the mixture of toluene and acetonitrile. Catalytic oxidation of 3,5-di- tert -butylcatechol using [Cu 6 (ClO 4 ) 8 (CH 3 CN) 4 L 12 ]4ClO 4 ·5C 7 H 8 is much faster than those using the transformed product, [Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 L 2 ], and a simple mixture of Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 + L.

Introduction: The Virtual Observation Unit (VOU) utilizes telehealth and community paramedicine to provide observation-level care in patients' homes. Patients' experience of this novel program has not been reported. Methods: A phone-based patient experience survey was administered to the patients who were admitted to the VOU at an urban, academic Emergency Department in the Northeast United States. The survey asked about patient's perception of the program's quality of care (0 = worst care possible, 10 = best care possible). t Tests with a Bonferroni adjustment assessed for differences between patient demographic groups. Results: The survey response rate was 40% (124/307). Overall mean scores for perceived quality of care were very high (9.51 ± 1.19). There were no significant differences in patient's perception of quality of care between demographic cohorts of age, gender, race, or ethnicity. Conclusions: Patient experience with a novel VOU program was very positive and did not differ significantly by demographic cohort. Further research is warranted.

The self-assembly of NiCl 2 with a chiral bidentate ligand pair, (1 R ,2 S )-(+)- and (1 S ,2 R )-(-)-1-(nicotinamido)-2,3-dihydro-1 H -inden-2-yl nicotinate ( r , s -L and s , r -L) in a mixture of ethanol and dioxane, gives rise to stable crystals consisting of [2Cl@Ni 2 Cl 2 ( s , r -L) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ]·4C 4 H 8 O 2 ·EtOH and [2Cl@Ni 2 Cl 2 ( r , s -L) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ]·4C 4 H 8 O 2 ·EtOH chiral cages, respectively, with two encapsulated chloride anions in the cavities. The most interesting feature is that the self-assembly of NiCl 2 with the mixture of r , s -L and s , r -L (1 : 1-1 : 4) produces crystals of thermodynamically stable achiral cages, [2Cl·2H 2 O@Ni 2 Cl 2 ( s , r -L) 2 ( r , s -L) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·7C 4 H 8 O 2 , in the molar ratio range. Furthermore, the [2Cl@Ni 2 Cl 2 ( s , r -L) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ]·4C 4 H 8 O 2 ·EtOH and [2Cl@Ni 2 Cl 2 ( r , s -L) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ]·4C 4 H 8 O 2 ·EtOH chiral crystals can recognize the pairs of L-,D-tryptophan and L-,D-cysteine via cyclic voltammetry (CV) signals, in contrast to the [2Cl·2H 2 O@Ni 2 Cl 2 ( s , r -L) 2 ( r , s -L) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·7C 4 H 8 O 2 achiral crystal.

Background: Involving patients in the health-care delivery innovation has many benefits. Open social innovation (OSI) presents a fitting lens to examine and advance patient engagement in innovation. OSI offers a participatory approach to innovation, in which diverse groups of participants collaboratively generate ideas and scale solutions on complex social challenges., Purpose: This study: (1) describes a pilot application of OSI, in which individuals serving on a hospital's patients and family advisory councils (PFACs) were invited to participate in an innovation contest; and (2) explores the extent to which patients' beliefs about their role in innovation relate to their participation in the contest., Methodology/approach: We conducted an innovation contest that invited PFAC members to share ideas that would improve patient experiences and then vote on and select the ideas that they wanted to see move forward. We measured patients' beliefs about their role in innovation in a survey before the contest., Results: Twenty individuals submitted 27 ideas. Patients who expressed preference for more involvement in innovation were more likely to participate., Conclusions: Using OSI may help expand patient engagement in innovation, particularly among those who want to be more involved but do not feel authorized to voice ideas in traditional advisory committees., Practical Implications: OSI spurred collaboration among patients, clinicians, quality improvement staff, hospital administrators, and other stakeholders in idea generation, elaboration, and implementation. More experimentation and research are needed to understand how OSI can be leveraged to capture patients' voice and incorporate them in care delivery innovation., Competing Interests: P.M. and H.M.N. are employees of Massachusetts General Hospital, where we conducted this study. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: Achieving equitable access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) such as buprenorphine is a pressing issue. Evidence suggests disparities in MOUD access based on race and socioeconomic status, further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the drivers behind this access gap remain poorly understood. This study explores barriers to treatment access among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) experiencing homelessness., Methods: We interviewed 28 individuals in and around the Boston Public Health Commission (BPHC) Engagement Center, an area known for its high density of active substance use and homelessness. We asked about people's experiences, perceptions, and attitudes toward OUD treatment. We conducted a thematic analysis of our interview data., Results: Fifty-four percent of participants sampled were not prescribed MOUD. None of the participants reported having an active prescription of sublingual buprenorphine or buprenorphine/naloxone. White participants were more likely to have been prescribed buprenorphine in the past compared to participants of other races even in this socioeconomically homogeneous sample. Themes that emerged in our data included challenges to accessing MOUD due to reduced services during the COVID-19 pandemic, lost or stolen medications, fewer inpatient withdrawal management beds for women, transportation challenges, fear of adverse effects of MOUD, the perception that taking MOUD replaces one addiction for another, and community disapproval of MOUD. Participants also reported stigma and discrimination based on race, gender, and socioeconomic status., Conclusion: Systems and individual-level factors contribute to the MOUD treatment gap across race and socioeconomic status. The COVID-19 pandemic posed additional access challenges. This study provides important, actionable insights about the barriers faced by a particularly vulnerable population of individuals with OUD experiencing homelessness., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflicts of interest reported., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Issue: When frontline employees' voice is not heard and their ideas are not implemented, patient care is negatively impacted, and frontline employees are more likely to experience burnout and less likely to engage in subsequent change efforts., Critical Theoretical Analysis: Theory about what happens to voiced ideas during the critical stage after employees voice and before performance outcomes are measured is nascent. We draw on research from organizational behavior, human resource management, and health care management to develop a multilevel model encompassing practices and processes at the individual, team, managerial, and organizational levels that, together, provide a nuanced picture of how voiced ideas reach implementation., Insight/advance: We offer a multilevel understanding of the practices and processes through which voice leads to implementation; illuminate the importance of thinking temporally about voice to better understand the complex dynamics required for voiced ideas to reach implementation; and highlight factors that help ideas reach implementation, including voicers' personal and interpersonal tactics with colleagues and managers, as well as senior leaders modeling and explaining norms and making voice-related processes and practices transparent., Practice Implications: Our model provides evidence-based strategies for bolstering rejected or ignored ideas, including how voicers (re)articulate ideas, whom they enlist to advance ideas, how they engage peers and managers to improve conditions for intentional experimentation, and how they take advantage of listening structures and other formal mechanisms for voice. Our model also highlights how senior leaders can make change processes and priorities explicit and transparent., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Objective: To pilot test a mobile health intervention using a CONnected CUstomized Treatment Platform that integrates a connected electronic adherence monitoring smartbox and an early warning system of non-adherence with bidirectional automated texting feature and provider alerts., Methods: In total, 29 adult women with hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer and a prescription for palbociclib were asked to complete a survey and participate in a CONnected CUstomized Treatment Platform intervention, including use of a smartbox for real-time adherence monitoring, which triggered text message reminders for any missed or extra dose, and referrals to (a) participant's oncology provider after three missed doses or an episode of over-adherence, or (b) a financial navigation program for any cost-related missed dose. Use of smartbox, number of referrals, palbociclib adherence, CONnected CUstomized Treatment Platform usability measured by System Usability Scale, and changes in symptom burden and quality of life were assessed., Results: Mean age was 57.6 and 69% were white. The smartbox was used by 72.4% of participants, with palbociclib adherence rate of 95.8%±7.6%. One participant was referred to oncology provider due to missed doses and one was referred to financial navigation. At baseline, 33.3% reported at least one adherence barrier including inconvenience to get prescription filled, forgetfulness, cost, and side effects. There were no changes in self-reported adherence, symptom burden or quality of life over 3 months. CONnected CUstomized Treatment Platform usability score was 61.9 ± 14.2., Conclusion: The CONnected CUstomized Treatment Platform interventions is feasible, resulting in a high palbociclib adherence rate without any decline in overtime. Future efforts should focus on improving usability., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: G Sadigh, A Robles, D Coleman, J Meisel, K Byers, K Yeager, and I Graetz received related research support from the Emory University Woodruff Health Sciences Synergy Award. G Sadigh, J Meisel, K Byers, and I Graetz received related research support from National Cancer Institute (NCI). G Sadigh receives honorarium from the Journal of the American College of Radiology in her role as Associate Editor. I Graetz receives research support from Pfizer. K Byers is an advisory board participant for SeaGen Inc., and a speaker for Wellstat Therapeutics. J Meisel receives research support from Pfizer and SeaGen Inc. She is a consultant for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKleine, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme, and SeaGen.

Informative similarities/differences between self-assembled and single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) guest-exchanged crystals based on both the molecular structure and adsorption nature are observed. The self-assembly of Ni(ClO 4 ) 2 with a dicyclopentyldi(pyridine-3-yl)silane bidentate ligand (L) in a mixture of toluene and acetonitrile gives rise to purple crystals consisting of double-stranded ellipsoidal tubes, [Ni 6 (ClO 4 ) 4 (CH 3 CN) 8 L 12 ]·8ClO 4 ·4CH 3 CN·5C 7 H 8 . The coordinated acetonitriles as well as the solvates are removed at 170 °C to transform the purple crystals into blue crystals of [Ni(ClO 4 ) 2 L 2 ] n that return to the original crystals in the mixture of toluene and acetonitrile. Further, the toluene and acetonitrile solvates of the original crystals are replaced by o -, m -, and p -xylene isomers within 5 min in a SCSC manner. In the present study, SCSC xylene-exchanged crystals were compared with crystals obtained from direct self-assembly in a mixture of each xylene isomer and acetonitrile.

Self-assembly of CuX 2 (X - = BF 4 - , PF 6 - , and SbF 6 - ) with a pair of chiral bidentate ligands, (1 R, 2 S )-(+)- and (1 S, 2 R )-(-)-1-(nicotinamido)-2,3-dihydro-1 H -inden-2-yl-nicotinate ( r,s -L or s,r -L), in a mixture solvent including ethanol in a glass vessel gives rise to SiF 6 2- -encapsulated Cu 2 L 4 chiral cage products. The SiF 6 2- anion from the reaction of X - with SiO 2 of the glass-vessel surface acts as a cage template or cage bridge. One of the products, [SiF 6 @Cu 2 (SiF 6 )( s,r -L) 4 ]·3CHCl 3 ·4EtOH, is one of the most effective heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of 3,5-di- tert -butylcatechol. Furthermore, an l -DOPA/ d -DOPA pair is recognizable by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) signals of its combination with chiral cages [SiF 6 @Cu 2 (BF 4 ) 2 ( s,r - or r , s -L) 4 ]·4CHCl 3 ·2EtOH pair and [SiF 6 @Cu 2 (SiF 6 )( s,r - or r,s -L) 4 ]·3CHCl 3 ·4EtOH pair., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: Engaging frontline clinicians and staff in quality improvement is a promising bottom-up approach to transforming primary care practices. This may be especially true in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) and similar safety-net settings where large-scale, top-down transformation efforts are often associated with declining worker morale and increasing burnout. Innovation contests, which decentralize problem-solving, can be used to involve frontline workers in idea generation and selection., Objective: We aimed to describe the ideas that frontline clinicians and staff suggested via organizational innovation contests in a national sample of 54 FQHCs., Interventions: Innovation contests solicited ideas for improving care from all frontline workers-regardless of professional expertise, job title, and organizational tenure and excluding those in senior management-and offered opportunities to vote on ideas., Participants: A total of 1,417 frontline workers across all participating FQHCs generated 2,271 improvement opportunities., Approaches: We performed a content analysis and organized the ideas into codes (e.g., standardization, workplace perks, new service, staff relationships, community development) and categories (e.g., operations, employees, patients)., Key Results: Ideas from frontline workers in participating FQHCs called attention to standardization (n = 386, 17%), staffing (n = 244, 11%), patient experience (n = 223, 10%), staff training (n = 145, 6%), workplace perks (n = 142, 6%), compensation (n = 101, 5%), new service (n = 92, 4%), management-staff relationships (n = 82, 4%), and others. Voting results suggested that staffing resources, standardization, and patient communication were key issues among workers., Conclusions: Innovation contests generated numerous ideas for improvement from the frontline. It is likely that the issues described in this study have become even more salient today, as the COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating impacts on work environments and health/social needs of patients living in low-resourced communities. Continued work is needed to promote learning and information exchange about opportunities to improve and transform practices between policymakers, managers, and providers and staff at the frontlines., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Self-assembly of Hg(ClO 4 ) 2 with a pair of C 3 -symmetric chiral ligands, (1 S ,1' S ,1″ S ,2 R ,2' R ,2″ R )-(benzenetricarbonyltris(azanediyl))tris(2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diyl)trinicotinate ( s , r -L) and (1 R ,1' R ,1″ R ,2 S ,2' S ,2″ S )-(benzenetricarbonyltris(azanediyl))tris(2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diyl)trinicotinate ( r , s -L), produces a pair of chiral cages C 4 H 8 O 2 @[(Hg 2 II ) 3 (ClO 4 ) 6 ( s , r -L) 2 (H 2 O) 7 ](C 4 H 8 O 2 ) 7 and C 4 H 8 O 2 @[(Hg 2 II ) 3 (ClO 4 ) 6 ( r , s -L) 2 (H 2 O) 7 ](C 4 H 8 O 2 ) 7 , respectively, via straightforward formation of the reduced Hg 2 II species with an inner cavity in which a single dioxane molecule is nestled. The pair of chiral cages are transformed into their downsized pair of cages, [Hg 3 II (ClO 4 ) 6 ( s , r -L) 2 ] and [Hg 3 II (ClO 4 ) 6 ( r , s -L) 2 ], respectively, in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The original chiral cages are more effective than the corresponding downsized cages for enantiorecognition of chiral 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) via the shifts of electrochemical oxidation potentials observed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) technique. Furthermore, the photoluminescence (PL) spectral shifts show that the downsized chiral cages significantly recognize chiral DOPA.

Background: Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of hospital-onset diarrhea and is associated with increased lengths of stay and mortality. While some hospitals have successfully reduced the burden of C. difficile infection (CDI), many still struggle to reduce hospital-onset CDI. Nurses-because of their close proximity to patients-are an important resource in the prevention of hospital-onset CDI., Objective: Determine whether there is an association between the nurse work environment and hospital-onset CDI., Methods: Survey data of 2016 were available from 15,982 nurses employed in 353 acute care hospitals. These data, aggregated to the hospital level, provided measures of the nurse work environments. They were merged with 2016 hospital-onset CDI data from Hospital Compare, which provided our outcome measure-whether a hospital had a standardized infection ratio (SIR) above or below the national average SIR. Hospitals above the average SIR had more infections than predicted when compared to the national average., Results: In all, 188 hospitals (53%) had SIRs higher than the national average. The odds of hospitals having higher than average SIRs were significantly lower, with odds ratios ranging from 0.35 to 0.45, in hospitals in the highest quartile for all four nurse work environment subscales (managerial support, nurse participation in hospital governance, physician-nurse relations, and adequate staffing) than in hospitals in the lowest quartile., Conclusions: Findings show an association between the work environment of nurses and hospital-onset CDI. A promising strategy to lower hospital-onset CDI and other infections is a serious and sustained commitment by hospital leaders to significantly improve nurse work environments., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

The application of engineered biomaterials for wound healing has been pursued since the beginning of tissue engineering. Here, we attempt to apply functionalized lignin to confer antioxidation to the extracellular microenvironments of wounds and to deliver oxygen from the dissociation of calcium peroxide for enhanced vascularization and healing responses without eliciting inflammatory responses. Elemental analysis showed 17 times higher quantity of calcium in the oxygen-releasing nanoparticles. Lignin composites including the oxygen-generating nanoparticles released around 700 ppm oxygen per day at least for 7 days. By modulating the concentration of the methacrylated gelatin, we were able to maintain the injectability of lignin composite precursors and the stiffness of lignin composites suitable for wound healing after photo-cross-linking. In situ formation of lignin composites with the oxygen-releasing nanoparticles enhanced the rate of tissue granulation, the formation of blood vessels, and the infiltration of α-smooth muscle actin + fibroblasts into the wounds over 7 days. At 28 days after surgery, the lignin composite with oxygen-generating nanoparticles remodeled the collagen architecture, resembling the basket-weave pattern of unwounded collagen with minimal scar formation. Thus, our study shows the potential of functionalized lignin for wound-healing applications requiring balanced antioxidation and controlled release of oxygen for enhanced tissue granulation, vascularization, and maturation of collagen.

Quality improvement (QI) work is critical, particularly in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) that treat underserved populations. In a national sample of 45 FQHCs, we examined how patients' sociodemographic characteristics were associated with employee engagement in QI, via innovation contests that solicited ideas for improving care and offered opportunities to vote on ideas. We posited that patients' sociodemographic characteristics influence the complexity and intensity of clinical work and thus employees' capacity to engage in QI. Regression results indicated that the percentage of patients living in poverty was negatively associated with employee participation in idea submission and voting. Moreover, the percentage of Hispanic patients was negatively associated with participation in voting. The percentage of Black patients, however, was not associated with either outcome. FQHCs that serve a higher share of low income and/or Hispanic patients may face resource and personnel constraints that reduce employees' capacity to contribute to QI efforts.

The COVID-19 pandemic pushed hospitals to deliver care outside of their four walls. To successfully scale virtual care delivery, it is important to understand how its implementation affects frontline workers, including their teamwork and patient-provider interactions. We conducted in-depth interviews of 17 clinicians and staff involved with the COVID-19 Virtual Observation Unit (CVOU) in the emergency department (ED) of an academic hospital. The program leveraged remote patient monitoring and mobile integrated health care. In the CVOU (vs. the ED), participants observed increases in interactions among clinicians and staff, patient participation in care delivery, attention to nonmedical factors, and involvement of coordinators and paramedics in patient care. These changes were associated with unintended, positive consequences for staff, namely, feeling heard, experience of meaningfulness, and positive attitudes toward virtual care. This study advances research on reconfiguration of roles following implementation of new practices using digital tools, virtual work interactions, and at-home care delivery.

Formation of the unexpected hexafluorosilicate (SiF 6 2- ) anion during crystallization via self-assembly in glassware is scrutinized. Self-assembly of M(BF 4 ) 2 (M 2+ = Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ) with tridentate N-donors (L) in a mixture solvent including methanol in a glass vessel gives rise to an SiF 6 2- -encapsulated Cu 3 L 4 double-decker cage and a Zn 2 L 4 cage, respectively. Induced reaction of CuX 2 (X - = PF 6 - and SbF 6 - ) instead of Cu(BF 4 ) 2 , with the tridentate ligands, produces the same species. The formation time of SiF 6 2- is in the order of anions BF 4 - < PF 6 - < SbF 6 - under the given reaction conditions. The SiF 6 2- anion, acting as a cage template or cage-to-cage bridge, seems to be formed from the reaction of polyatomic anions containing fluoride with the SiO 2 of the surface of the glass vessel., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

To date, a large number of photosensitizers (PS) have introduced heavy atoms to improve the ISC process and 1 O 2 generation. However, they often show low efficiency in hypoxic conditions, aggregate states, and turn-off PDT in the dark. Besides that, the toxicity of heavy metals is also concerned. Therefore, we developed lysosome-targeted heavy-metal-free PS ( 3S and 4S ) based on thionated naphthalimide for hypoxic cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), not only under white light but also in the dark via thermal-induced 1 O 2 generation. AIEgen ( 3O and 4O ) were prepared for studying the PDT action of PSs ( 3S and 4S ) in lysosome and aggregate state. We also examined the photophysical properties of AIEgen ( 3O and 4O ) and PS ( 3S and 4S ) by UV-vis absorption, fluorescent emission spectra, and theoretical calculations.

In this article, we describe how innovation contests-a vehicle to crowdsource ideas and problem-solving efforts-propelled frontline employees to exert discretionary efforts in organizational problem-solving at Massachusetts General Hospital. As designers and administrators of four innovation contests in three disease centers, we share firsthand knowledge of how the contests enabled clinicians and administrative staff, whose primary job is delivering high-quality patient care, to become involved in ideation, selection, and implementation of their own ideas. We describe the processes that we designed and implemented, ideas that these processes generated, and findings from interviewing employees about their experiences afterwards. Our findings suggest that the benefits of implementing innovation contests were multifaceted. To employees, the contests provided a platform to voice suggestions and participate in any aspect of the innovation process that they found interesting. To managers, the contests revealed real, empirical issues affecting operation and patient care based on frontline employees' knowledge. To the organization as a whole, the contests promoted collaborative problem-solving among likeminded, innovative employees., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Self-assembly of CuX 2 (X - = BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , and SbF 6 - ) with a bidentate ethylmethylbis(3-pyridine)silane ligand (L) in the presence of additional polyatomic anions (X' = SiF 6 2- and PF 6 - ) gives rise to single crystals consisting of the X'@[Cu(II) 3 L 6 ] cage motif. These cages exist as discrete or anion-bridged 3D networks depending on outside anions. The anion-bridged 3D networks interpenetrate in a four-fold fashion, and show, to our best knowledge, the most effective heterogeneous catalysis in 3,5-di- tert -butylcatechol oxidation reaction within 20 min at room temperature. Surprisingly, the heterogeneous catalysis is more effective than its corresponding homogeneous catalysis. Such notable catalytic effects can be explained by the maintenance of 3D inter-cage Cu⋯Cu distance as a catalytic center.

Self-assembly of AgPF 6 with a pair of chiral tridentate ligands (1 S ,1' S ,1'' S ,2 R ,2' R ,2'' R ) and (1 R ,1' R ,1'' R ,2 S ,2' S ,2'' S )-(benzenetricarbonyltris(azanediyl))tris(2,3-dihydro-1 H -indene-2,1-diyl)triisonicotinate ( s , r -L) and ( r , s -L) in a mixture of methanol and dioxane yields 2D sheets consisting of [Ag( s , r -L)](PF 6 )·3C 4 H 8 O 2 ·0.5H 2 O and [Ag( r , s -L)](PF 6 )·3C 4 H 8 O 2 ·0.5H 2 O, respectively. The differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique using the pair of chiral 2D-sheet enantiomers was employed for chiral discrimination of amino acid enantiomers, and was found to be an effective tool for enantio-recognition of L- and D-histidines. Both the size and the binding site of amino acids were strongly dependent on electrochemical enantio-recognition via the chiral 2D sheets.

Systematic interconversion between trigonal prisms [Pd 3 X 6 L 2 ] (X - = Cl - , Br - , and I - ) and cubic cages [Pd 6 L 8 ] 12+ (X - ) 12 (X - = BF 4 - and CF 3 SO 3 - ) via anion exchange was established. Self-assembly of K 2 PdX 4 (X - = Cl - and Br - ) with a C 3 -symmetric tridentate 1,3,5-tris(2-isonicotinamidephenoxy)benzene (L) produces a trigonal prism, [Pd 3 X 6 L 2 ]. Further photoreaction of the [Pd 3 X 6 L 2 ] (X - = Cl - and Br - ) with CH 2 I 2 gives rise to a halide-exchanged species, [Pd 3 I 6 L 2 ]. In contrast, anion exchange of [Pd 3 X 6 L 2 ] (X - = Cl - , Br - , and I - ) with BF 4 - yields cubic-shaped cages, [Pd 6 L 8 ] 12+ (BF 4 - ) 12 , with an inner cavity of 15.9 × 15.9 × 15.9 Å 3 . Successive anion exchange of [Pd 6 L 8 ] 12+ (BF 4 - ) 12 with CF 3 SO 3 - gives rises to anion-exchanged [Pd 6 L 8 ] 12+ (CF 3 SO 3 - ) 12 and vice versa without cage destruction. Thus, the cage system is specifically sensitive to anions, enabling cage formation to recognize the binding affinity and size of various anions.

Self-assembly of Hg(ClO 4 ) 2 with a new bidentate ligand (L) in acetone at room temperature produces single crystals consisting of unusual discrete tetranuclear complexes [Hg 4 (ClO 4 ) 4 (CH 2 COCH 2 ) 2 L 2 ]·CH 3 COCH 3 via straightforward formation of dianionic acetonylate - CH 2 COCH 2 - in a quantitative yield.

A procedure for the formation of a nitrate-encapsulating tripalladium(II) cage via self-assembly of Pd(NO 3 ) 2 with 1,3-bis(dimethyl(pyridin-4-yl)silyl)propane (L) was developed. The self-assembly reaction initially produces spiro-type macrocycles, PdL 2 , and finally results in transformation into a nitrate-encapsulated cage, [(NO 3 )@Pd 3 L 6 ], in the mother liquor. The reaction of PdX 2 (X - = BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , PF 6 - , and CF 3 SO 3 - instead of NO 3 - ) with L gives rise to a spiro species, PdL 2 , as the final product, and anion exchange of the spiro products, [PdL 2 ](X) 2 , with NO 3 - produces the tripalladium cage [(NO 3 )@Pd 3 L 6 ].

The ability to detect hypochlorite (HOCl/ClO - ) in vivo is of great importance to identify and visualize infection. Here, we report the use of imidazoline-2-thione ( R 1 SR 2 ) probes, which act to both sense ClO - and kill bacteria. The N 2 C=S moieties can recognize ClO - among various typical reactive oxygen species (ROS) and turn into imidazolium moieties ( R 1 IR 2 ) via desulfurization. This was observed through UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy, with a high fluorescence emission quantum yield (Փ F = 43-99%) and large Stokes shift (∆v∼115 nm). Furthermore, the DIM probe, which was prepared by treating the DSM probe with ClO - , also displayed antibacterial efficacy toward not only Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) but also methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC), that is, antibiotic-resistant bacteria. These results suggest that the DSM probe has great potential to carry out the dual roles of a fluorogenic probe and killer of bacteria., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling Editor declared a past coauthorship with one of the authors, JY., (Copyright © 2021 Pham, Nguyen, Choi, Kim, Jung, Lee, Kim, Lee, Yoon, Kim and Lee.)

Purpose: "Near miss" events are valuable low-cost learning opportunities in radiation oncology as they do not result in patient harm and are more pervasive than adverse events that do. Near misses vary depending on the presence of a latent error of behavior or process, and the presence of an enabling condition predisposing the patient to harm. These nuanced distinctions across near miss types can elicit different cognitive biases affecting the recognition of near misses as learning opportunities. We define near miss types in radiation oncology and explore the differential perceptions among radiation oncology staff., Methods and Materials: Six event types were defined based on attributes of latent error and enabling conditions: "hit," "potential hit," "almost happened," "fortuitous catch," "could have happened," and "process-based catch." These events were illustrated with an example of a patient receiving pacemaker cardiac clearance before radiation treatment. A survey assessing (1) success versus failure of an event and (2) willingness to report the event was administered to a radiation oncology department using the pacemaker example. Mean scores for each near miss type were compared., Results: Ninety-five staff members (74%) completed the survey. Perceived success scores and willing-to-report scores significantly differed by near miss type (P = .042 for success ratings; P < .0001 for willingness to report). "Could have happened" events were viewed as less successful and were more likely to be reported than "almost happened" events (P < .0001)., Conclusions: Cognitive biases appear to influence whether and how near miss types are recognized as report-worthy. Education of near miss types and engaging staff for quality improvement may improve recognition., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Radiation Oncology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A cyclic manipulation of peanut cage isomers has been achieved via anion exchange and unusual cage isomerism.

Cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) are essential biothiols for cellular growth, metabolism, and maintenance of a biological system. Thus, the detection of biothiols is highly important for early diagnosis and evaluation of disease progression. In this article, a series of sulfonyl aza-BODIPYs was synthesized, characterized, and examined by 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, crystallization, photophysical properties and DFT calculation. Among these structures, a fluorescent probe, BDP-1, exhibited selective detection of Cys among various biothiols via nucleophilic aromatic substitution and typical size of Cys molecules. BDP-1 showed color change and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence enhancement after reaction with Cys to generate BDP-OH, confirmed by HRMS. The red shift of absorption wavelength showed a similar tendency resulting in time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). Furthermore, the calculated detection limit of BDP-1 toward Cys was 5.23 μM. This probe facilitates the colorimetric and fluorescent detection of Cys over other biothiols., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

We prepared the monomer PCDA-HP composed of 5-hydroxy- N 1 , N 3 -bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)isophthalamide ( HP ) as a cadmium ion tweezer and then polymerized them to form a polydiacetylene (PDA)-based sensor ( PDA-HP ), which displayed selective and sensitive colorimetric and fluorometric change upon addition of a cadmium ion (Cd 2+ ) at both pH 7.4 and 6.8. The PDA-HP polymer was highly selective for Cd 2+ over other metal ions with colorimetric change. In addition, the PDA-HP chemosensor also showed a red fluorescence change in the presence of Cd 2+ at both pH 7.4 and 6.8. Naked-eye detection of Cd 2+ was accomplished in an aqueous solution through a PDA-based sensor system. Finally, the lowest energy structure of an HP chelator was obtained by the crystal structure and density functional theory (DFT) calculations., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2020 American Chemical Society.)

The self-assembly of Pd(NO3)2 with L (L = 1,2-bis(dimethyl(pyridin-3-yl)silyl)ethane) gives rise to [PdL2](NO3)2 in high yields. Anion exchange of [PdL2](NO3)2 with X- (X- = BF4-, ClO4-, and PF6-) changes the skeleton into a cage of [(X)@Pd2L4](X)3. Successive anion exchange of [(X)@Pd2L4](X)3 (X- = BF4-, ClO4-, and PF6-) with X- (X- = ReO4- and SiF62-) produces [(ReO4)@Pd2L4](ReO4)3 and [(SiF6)@Pd2L4](SiF6), respectively, irrespective of anion charge. The flexible nature and conformation of cages are significantly dependent on the nestled polyatomic anions. Thus, this system can be used as a molecular recognizer of the size and charge of ubiquitous polyatomic anions.

Background: Psychological safety, a shared belief that interpersonal risk taking is safe, is an important determinant of incident reporting. However, how psychological safety affects near-miss reporting is unclear, as near misses contain contrasting cues that highlight both resilience ("we avoided failure") and vulnerability ("we nearly failed"). Near misses offer learning opportunities for addressing underlying causes of potential incidents, and it is crucial to understand what facilitates near-miss reporting., Methods: A survey of radiation oncology department staff in an academic hospital assessed psychological safety and presented five scenarios with varying proximity to patient harm: "standard care" involving no harm, three near misses with varying proximity to harm ("could have happened," "fortuitous catch," "almost happened"), and one "hit" involving harm. Respondents evaluated each event as success or failure and reported willingness to report on a seven-point Likert scale. The analysis employed ordered logistic regression models., Results: A total of 78 staff (61.4%) completed the survey. The odds of reporting "hit" (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.23), "almost happened" (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.07-2.37), and "fortuitous catch" (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.10-2.33) improved with an increase in psychological safety. The relationship of psychological safety to reporting "standard care" and "could have happened" was not statistically significant. The odds of reporting were higher when a near miss was discerned as failure (vs. success)., Conclusion: Near misses are not processed and reported equally. The effect of psychological safety on reporting near misses becomes stronger with their increasing proximity to a negative outcome. Educating health care workers to properly identify near misses and fostering psychological safety may increase near-miss reporting and improve patient safety., (Copyright © 2020 The Joint Commission. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Frontline staff are well positioned to conceive improvement opportunities based on first-hand knowledge of what works and does not work. The innovation contest may be a relevant and useful vehicle to elicit staff ideas. However, the success of the contest likely depends on perceived organizational support for learning; when staff believe that support for learning-oriented culture, practices, and leadership is low, they may be less willing or able to share ideas., Purpose: We examined how staff perception of organizational support for learning affected contest participation, which comprised ideation and evaluation of submitted ideas., Methodology/approach: The contest held in a hospital cardiac center invited all clinicians and support staff (n ≈ 1,400) to participate. We used the 27-item Learning Organization Survey to measure staff perception of learning-oriented environment, practices and processes, and leadership., Results: Seventy-two frontline staff submitted 138 ideas addressing wide-ranging issues including patient experience, cost of care, workflow, utilization, and access. Two hundred forty-five participated in evaluation. Supportive learning environment predicted participation in ideation and idea evaluation. Perceptions of insufficient experimentation with new ways of working also predicted participation., Conclusion: The contest enabled frontline staff to share input and assess input shared by other staff. Our findings indicate that the contest may serve as a fruitful outlet through which frontline staff can share and learn new ideas, especially for those who feel safe to speak up and believe that new ideas are not tested frequently enough., Practice Implications: The contest's potential to decentralize innovation may be greater under stronger learning orientation. A highly visible intervention, like the innovation contest, has both benefits and risks. Our findings suggest benefits such as increased engagement with work and community as well as risks such as discontent that could arise if staff suggestions are not acted upon or if there is no desired change after the contest.

Reaction of Pd(BF4)2 with L (L = bis(pyridin-3-yl-propyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate) in the 1 : 2 mole ratio gives rise to a spiro-type [PdL2]·(BF4)2·2C6H6·2CH3CN, and further self-assembly of [PdL2]·(BF4)2·2C6H6·2CH3CN with Pd(NO3)2 in the 2 : 1 mole ratio in Me2SO at 90 °C produces a uniquely pliable double cage of [(NO3)2(H2O)2@Pd3L4](BF4)4·6C3H7NO. Both the encapsulated NO3- and the outside BF4- anions are exchanged by X- to form [(X)2@Pd3L4](X')4 (X- = PF6-, ClO4-, and/or NO3-; X'- = BF4-, PF6-, ClO4-, and NO3-) with all-inclusive pure or mixed anions. The pliable and characteristic properties of the double cages were confirmed by anion exchange of the nestled or outside anions in the present study. This system can be used as a ruler for recognition of ubiquitous polyatomic anions.

The self-assembly of PdX 2 (X - = ClO 4 - and PF 6 - ) with C 3 -symmetric l - and d -L [L = (2 S ,2' S ,2″ S )- and (2 R ,2' R ,2″ R )-[benzenetricarbonyltris(azanediyl)]tris(3-phenylpropane-2,1-diyl)triisonicotinate] produces the chiral nanocube pair [Pd 6 ( l -L) 8 ](X) 12 and [Pd 6 ( d -L) 8 ](X) 12 (X - = ClO 4 - and PF 6 - , respectively) with an inner cavity of 12.3 × 12.3 × 12.3 Å 3 . These chiral nanocubes are effective for the enantiorecognition of various chiral amino acids via the square-wave-voltammetry technique. In the present study, the site of enantiorecognition was confirmed by density functional theory calculated interactions between each nanocube and the chiral amino acids, and the calculated interactions were coincident with the shifts of the electrochemical oxidation potentials.

The unique molecular balloon system of [Pd 6 L 8 ](NO 3 ) 12 (an inner cavity of 19 × 21 × 25 Å 3 ⇄ 13 × 13 × 13 Å 3 ) was carried out via the anion exchange of nitrate with alkyl sulfates.

Self-assembly of ZnI 2 with di(isoquinolin-5-yl)isophthalate (L) as a new bidentate N-donor gives rise to discrete crown-shaped M 2 L 2 cyclodimers, 3.5CH 3 CN·0.7THF@[Zn 2 I 4 L 2 ]. These metallacyclodimers are composed of a characteristically eclipsed molecular array, resulting in the formation of unusual 10.0 × 15.1 Å 2 diameter suprachannels. The suprachannels adsorb/desorb various liquid molecules in a rigid manner, which enables scientists to solve the structures of various liquids. This columnar molecular ensemble is an efficient, tolerant, and reproducible suprachannel matrix for structural determination of general liquid compounds via easy single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) guest exchange without any desolvation process.

Self-assembly of Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 with 1,3,5-tris(dimethyl(pyridin-3-yl)silyl)benzene (L) as a new C 3 -symmetric tridentate N-donor gives rise to a discrete sandwich-shaped M 3 L 2 architecture, [Zn 3 (μ-OH) 3 L 2 ](ClO 4 ) 3 ·4CH 3 CN·2H 2 O. Its blue photoluminescence is significantly quenched only by CH 2 I 2 among the various small molecules, CH 2 Cl 2 , CH 2 Br 2 , CHCl 3 , 1,2-dichloroethane, EtOH, CH 3 CN, benzene, toluene, and phenol.

Self-assembly of Zn(ClO 4 ) 2 with 1,1,2,2-tetramethyl-1,2-di(pyridin-3-yl)disilane (L) as a bidentate N-donor gives rise to 3D coordination networks, [Zn(μ-OH)(L)] 3 (ClO 4 ) 3 ·5H 2 O (1·5H 2 O), of unique, 10 3 -a srs net topology. An important feature is that two enantiomeric 3D frameworks, 4 1 - and 4 3 -[Zn(μ-OH)(L)] 3 (ClO 4 ) 3 ·5H 2 O, are interpenetrated to form a racemic two-fold 3D network with cages occupied by two water molecules. Another structural characteristic is a C 3 -symmetric planar Zn 3 (μ-OH) 3 6-membered ring with tetrahedral Zn(ii) ions. The steric hindrance of substrates and trace water effects on transesterification catalysis using the network have been scrutinized. The coordination network acts as a remarkable heterogeneous transesterification catalytic system that shows both the significant steric effects of substrate alcohols and momentous water effects. The substrate activity is in the order ethanol > n-propanol > n-butanol > iso-propanol > 2-butanol > tert-butanol. For the reaction system, solvate water molecules within the cages of the interpenetrated 3D frameworks do not decrease the transesterification activity, whereas the trace water molecules in the substrate alcohols act as obvious obstacles to the reaction.

The palladium(ii) cyclophane systems, constructed by previously reported proof-of-concept self-assembly, represent a crucial landmark in the field of effective and recyclable scavenging of triiodide (I 3 - ) in the photo-cyclopropanation of alkenes with CH 2 I 2 . The scavenger's driving force behind photo-cyclopropanation is the efficient in situ crystallization of triiodide-exchanged species. The exact quantitative photoreaction yields according to the mole ratios of the cyclophane system are impressive. The recycling behavior can be ascribed to the rigidity and stability of the four-layered tripalladium(ii)cyclophane.

Tailor-made molecular channel architectures are a hot issue in the fields of nanotechnology, molecular sieves, ion sensors, recognition, confined space reactors, and fluidic transport systems. Carbon nanotubes have been a particular focus, though they cannot easily be synthesized to predefined structures and sizes. Rational design and construction of molecular channel structures based on coordination chemistry has been recognized as a useful approach. Metal-organic channel (MOC) structures can be generated by utilizing, at least in principle, molecular self-assembly of metal ions as angular units with designed ligands as spacers. Recent developments in molecular channel chemistry include exciting advances in photochemical applications and supramolecular material functionality, in addition to general applications such as transport, diffusion and exchange, separation, gas storage, catalysis, and simple encapsulation. In order to carry out the diverse channel functionalities, a large number of studies have been conducted on the synthesis of robust and stable 3D coordination polymers, which show permanent porosity without any guest molecules within the channels, in that the robustness of the channel structures after removal of the solvate/guest molecules is of interest because the structural integrity of the extended structures must be maintained during the reactions. These compounds can be regarded as analogous to zeolites. This Account highlights advances in the construction, from metal cations and multidentate pyridyl ligands, of various MOCs and useful molecular materials as photoreaction platforms. We begin by discussing the fact that detailed proof-of-concept construction of various systematic MOC structures has been introduced mainly in terms of the metal ions as angular components and the pyridyl ligands as spacers. This approach leads to structural complexity of assembled MOC motifs such as metallamacrocycles, helical and cylindrical coordination polymers, vertical arrays of 1D coordination polymers, interweaving and eclipsed stacking of 2D coordination polymers, and typical 3D coordination polymers. Notwithstanding the diversity of their skeletal structures, confined spaces of the channels are suitable for the study of photochemical performances including radical trapping, photocyclopropanation, dye inclusion and energy transfer, and guest-to-host structural transmission. The key aspect of their utility is not only the preparation of photoresistant MOCs but also channel tuning for inclusion of photoactive guests. Guest molecules, which are compatible with the size, shape, and polarity of the channels, can be incorporated into the crystals, instead of simple organic solvents, thus giving rise to host-guest complexes in the solid state. Such MOC studies could facilitate the development of chemical sensors, new photocatalytic systems, and useful molecular photochemical reactors.

A series of Pd6L4-type neutral coordination cages, [Pd6X12L4] (X(-) = Cl(-) and Br(-)), are constructed via self-assembly of (COD)PdCl2 and K2PdBr4 with C3-symmetric N,N',N''-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (L), respectively. The iodide analogue [Pd6I12L4] is smoothly synthesized from [Pd6Br12L4] in the presence of CH2I2 under mild conditions. The replacement of bromide to iodide in the nanocage system represents a landmark achievement in synthetic-methodology development. The CH2I2 molecules are adsorbed in the order [Pd6I12L4] > [Pd6Br12L4] > [Pd6Cl12L4] and in the "like-attracts-like" pattern, presumably owing to the van der Waals force. Irradiation of [Pd6I12L4]·3.5CH2I2 with 1-methylcyclohexene in chloroform at 350 nm preferentially affords the cyclopropanation product.

Herein, we report the advanced-concept triple-functionality of a metal-organic nanotube (MONT), which acts as a reservoir for unstable reactants, a photoreaction platform, and a scavenger for byproduct iodine. Self-assembly of CdI2 with a new Y-type ligand (L) produces the substantial 1D MOF, [CdI2(L)], thus forming a thick nanotube with a 1.4 nm diameter.

A synthetic strategy for the generation of new molecular species utilizing a provision of nature is presented. Nano-dimensional (23(2)×21(1)×16(1) ų) hetero-four-layered trimetallacyclophanes were constructed by proof-of-concept experiments that utilize a suitable combination of π⋅⋅⋅π interactions between the central aromatic rings, tailor-made short/long spacer tridentate donors, and the combined helicity. The behavior of the unprecedented four-layered metallacyclophane system offers a landmark in the development of new molecular systems.

The rapid simultaneous determination of cadmium, lead, copper, and mercury ions is performed by employing a disposable sensor modified with graphene oxide (GO) doped diaminoterthiophene (GO/DTT) for chronocoulometry (CC). The performances of CC with and without pre-deposition in two opposite potential step directions were compared with square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) under various conditions. The surface of the GO/DTT modified screen print carbon electrode (SPCE) was characterized by SEM, EDXS, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Experimental variables that affect the response signal such as the pH, deposition time, type of supporting electrolyte, concentration of DTT, content ratio of GO to DTT, and Nafion content were optimized. Interference effects due to other heavy metal ions were also investigated. The dynamic ranges of SWASV and CC were between 1 ng mL(-1) and 2.5 μg mL(-1) and between 1 ng mL(-1) and 10 μg mL(-1), respectively. The detection limits for Cd(2+), Pb(2+), Cu(2+), Hg(2+) ions were 1.9 ± 0.4 ng mL(-1), 2.8 ± 0.6 ng mL(-1), 0.8 ± 0.2 ng mL(-1), and 2.6 ± 0.9 ng mL(-1) for the CC stripping method; 2.6 ± 0.2 ng mL(-1), 0.5 ± 0.1 ng mL(-1), 1.8 ± 0.3 ng mL(-1), and 3.2 ± 0.3 ng mL(-1) for the CC deposition method; and 7.1 ± 0.9, 1.9 ± 0.3, 0.4 ± 0.1, and 0.7 ± 0.1 ng mL(-1) for SWASV. The reliability of the method for point-of-analysis was evaluated by analyzing a urine standard reference material and some water samples., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The self-assembly of Zn(II) ions with 1,3,5-tris(isonicotinoyloxyethyl)cyanurate produces new topological (4(2)⋅12(4))3(4(3))4 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with anion-confining cages. The eclipsed assembly of each 2D MOF by π-π stacking of cyanurate moieties (3.352(5) Å) forms 3D MOFs consisting of nanochannels (10.5 Å). Two of the three anions are confined in each peanut-type cage, resulting in hydrophobicity of the nanochannels. The hydrophobic nanochannel effectively adsorbs a wide range of fused aromatic hydrocarbons (FAHs) as monomers or dimers, rendering it potentially highly useful as an energy-transfer material., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Infinite rectangular-tubular helices, [MX2L] (M = Zn(ii), Hg(ii); X(-) = Cl(-), Br(-); L = bis(3-pyridyl)cyclotetramethylenesilane), have been efficiently constructed via the combined effects of the potential flexible conformers of L and the tetrahedral geometry of M(ii) ions. This helical molecular system affords a racemic mixture of P- and M-helices in a crystal. The helical pitches (7.8934(4)-8.1560(2) Å) that are sensitive to the nature of M(ii) ions and halide anions are attributable to subtle change in the flexible dihedral angles between the two pyridyl groups around Si and the M(ii) hinges. Their photoluminescence intensities, correspondingly, are in the order [ZnCl2L] > [ZnBr2L] ≫ [HgCl2L] > [HgBr2L]. Zinc(ii) complexes show recyclable catalytic effects on the transesterification reaction in the order [ZnCl2L] > [ZnBr2L]. Calcination of [ZnCl2L] and [ZnBr2L] at 500 °C produces uniform hexagonal tubular spire crystals of 1.2 × 1.2 × 4.0 μm(3) dimensions and spheres, respectively.