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Zn ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage but their practical application is plagued by inhomogeneous Zn deposition. Despite much effort, the harm of simultaneous hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during plating to Zn deposition, has not received sufficient studies. Herein, Sn-modified Cu nanowires (Sn@CuNWs) with Sn-Cu core-shell nanostructure to achieve uniform Zn deposition by zinc affinity-HER tendency trade-off are fabricated. Confirmed by both theoretical calculation and practical characterization, the nanowires with high zinc affinity and large deposition sites facilitate Zn deposition, while the enlarged HER tendency harmful to Zn plating is inhibited by Sn nanoshell. Therefore, the Zn deposited Sn@CuNWs anode delivers a long lifespan of 800 h at 5 mA cm -2 , and the full cell exhibits a high capacity of 294.4 mAh g -1 at 5 A g -1 and a high capacity retention of 97.8% after 2500 cycles. This work reveals the importance of HER regulation for reversible Zn deposition, which should be noticed in further research., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Aluminum exerts neurotoxic effects through various mechanisms, mainly manifested as impaired learning and memory function., Methods: Forty SD rats were divided into 0, 10, 20, and 40 mM maltol aluminum [Al(mal) 3 ] groups. Cell experiments are divided into 0, 100, 200, and 400 μM Al(mal) 3 dose group and control, Al(mal) 3 , Al(mal) 3 +inhibitor NC, Al(mal) 3 +miR-665 inhibitor intervention group. Water maze was used to detect the learning and memory function of rats, HE staining was used to observe the morphology and number of neurons in the CA1 area of the rat hippocampus, Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of PC12 cells, PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of Caspase3, miR-665 and GNB3/PI3K/AKT proteins. The target binding relationship between miR-665 and GNB3 was verified by double luciferase reporter gene experiment., Results: In vivo experimental results showed that with the increase of Al(mal) 3 concentration, the escape latency of rats was prolonged, the target quadrant dwell time was shortened, and the number of crossing platform was reduced. Moreover, the arrangement of neurons was loose and the number decreased; the expression of Caspase3 and miR-665 increased, while the expression of GNB3/PI3K/AKT proteins decreased. In vitro experiments, with the increase of Al(mal) 3 concentration, apoptosis rate of PC12 cells increased, the expression of Caspase3, miR-665 and GNB3/PI3K/AKT proteins were consistent with rat results. After inhibiting miR-665 in the intervention group experiment, apoptosis rate of PC12 cells in the aluminum exposure group decreased, the expression of Caspase3 and miR-665 decreased, and the expression of GNB3/PI3K/AKT proteins increased., Conclusion: MiR-665 plays an important role in aluminum induced neuronal apoptosis by targeting GNB3 and regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Background: Data on the patterns of single and multiple HPV infections are largely limited to small size studies, and the regional difference have not been systematically examined., Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to Sept 22, 2023. The pooled prevalence of HPV infection were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was used to explore the heterogeneity, and publication bias was evaluated by Egger's test and Begg's test., Results: There were 121 studies included with 1,682,422 participants. Globally, the most common genotypes of single HPV infection were HPV16 (7.05 %), 18 (1.94 %), 52 (1.93 %), 58 (1.68 %), and 31 (1.53 %), as well as HPV 16 (4.91 %), 31 (2.68 %), 52 (2.20 %), 51 (1.99 %), and 18 (1.96 %) in multiple HPV infections. Apart from HPV16 and 18, HPV52 and 58 were common in Asia, HPV31 and 51 was in Europe, North and South America, and HPV35 and 45 were in Africa. The prevalence of HPV infection among different age groups (<30, 30-50, >50 years age groups) was 20.93 %, 16.27 %, and 18.69 %, respectively. The single HPV infection prevalence in the No-ILs, LSILs, HSILs, and cervical cancer groups were 16.17 %, 51.60 %, 57.12 %, and 62.88 %, respectively, as well as in multiple infections were 5.09 %, 30.93 %, 32.86 %, and 21.26., Conclusion: Developing local HPV vaccines is necessary based on the HPV infection pattern. It is essential to educate young women to get vaccinated and encourage elderly women to have regular cervical cancer screenings to reduce the danger of cervical cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Limei Luo reports financial support, article publishing charges, and statistical analysis were provided by Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affliated to Qingdao University. Limei Luo reports a relationship with Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affliated to Qingdao University that includes: employment. Limei Luo has patent pending to Approved. The authors declare no conflict of interest. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e--ORR) provides an alternative method to the energy-intensive anthraquinone method. Metal macrocycles with precise coordination are widely used for 2e--ORR electrocatalysis, but they have to be commonly loaded on conductive substrates, thus exposing a large number of 2e--ORR-inactive sites that result in poor H2O2 production rate and efficiency. Herein, guided by first-principle predictions, a substrate-free and two-dimensional conductive metal-organic framework (Ni-TCPP(Co)), composed of Co-N4 sites in porphine(Co) centers and Ni2O8 nodes, is designed as a multi-site catalyst for H2O2 electrosynthesis. The approperiate distance between the CoN4 and Ni2O8 sites in Ni-TCPP(Co) weakens the electron transfer between them, thus ensuring their inherent activities and creating high-density active sites. Meanwhile, the intrinsic electronic conductivity and porosity of Ni-TCPP(Co) further facilitate rapid reaction kinetics. Therefore, outstanding 2e--ORR electrocatalytic performance has been achieved in both alkaline and neutral electrolytes (>90%/85% H2O2 selectivity within 0-0.8 V vs. RHE and >18.2/18.0 mol g-1 h-1 H2O2 yield under alkaline/neutral conditions), with confirmed feasibility for water purification and disinfection applications. This strategy thus provides a new avenue for designing catalysts with precise coordination and high-density active sites, promoting high-efficiency electrosynthesis of H2O2 and beyond., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Understanding the burden of cervical cancer (CC) in young women aged 15-44 years old are essential for formulating effective preventive strategies., Methods: Utilizing the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study, we estimated incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to CC among young women from 1990 to 2019. Additionally, we evaluated the temporal trends using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) during this period. We conducted a decomposition analysis to assess the absolute contributions of three components: population growth, population age structure and epidemiologic changes., Results: Globally, there were 187 609.22 incident cases of CC worldwide, resulting in 2621 917.39 DALYs in 2019. From1990 to 2019, the age-standardized rates were decline, only the age-standardized YLDs rate (EAPC = 0.02; 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.05) showed a stable trend. The largest increase in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized YLDs rate observed in the high-middle social demographic index (SDI) quintiles. Population growth and age structure changes were associated with substantial changes in cases of CC, especially in South Asia and East Asia., Conclusions: Globally, the burden of CC in young women continues to increase, as measured by the absolute number. As populations are growing and age structure changes were associated with substantial changes in cases of CC, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, and support services for CC, especially in South Asia and East Asia., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association.)

Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a significant pest affecting fruit and vegetables in tropical and subtropical regions, and its development and reproduction are enhanced after exposure to short-term high-temperature stress at 45 °C. Vitellogenin (Vg) is an essential precursor of yolk protein formation in eggs and plays a vital role in the ovarian development of insects. Interfering with the Z. cucurbitae vitellogenin receptor ( ZcVgR ) gene in short-term high-temperature conditions decreases the fecundity of female adults, while the transcription level of the ZcVg3 gene increases. To elucidate the reproductive function of the ZcVg3 gene and the synergistic relationship among the ZcVgs genes under short-term high temperatures, this study injected siRNA to interfere with the ZcVg3 gene after subjecting Z. cucurbitae to a 1 h treatment at 45 °C and 25 °C. The expression of the ZcVg3 gene was suppressed, leading to the upregulation of the ZcVg1 and ZcVg2 genes, and the expression of the ZcVgR gene was initially decreased and then increased. Silencing the ZcVg3 gene after a 1 h treatment at 45 °C resulted in a reduction of approximately 84.7% and 75.9% in the fecundity and spawning days of female adults compared to the control. The development rate of their ovaries and the ovarian diameter significantly decreased, and their lifespan was reduced by 71%. The ZcVg3 gene plays a crucial role in the reproduction of Z. cucurbitae in short-term high-temperature conditions. The results of this study provide potential targets for the development of RNAi-based techniques for the control of Z. cucurbitae .

Co-N-CDs-based MXene nanocomposites (MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs) were constructed by decorating Co-N-CDs on polydopamine-functionalized MXene nanosheets. Both Co-N-CDs and MXene nanosheets have peroxidase-like activity; when the two materials are combined to form MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs nanocomposites, the peroxide-like activity can be further enhanced. MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs could oxidize the substrate 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenziline (TMB) to form ox-TMB, as confirmed by detecting the absorption of the blue products. A highly selective colorimetric biosensor was developed for the determination of glutathione (GSH) in the concentration range of 0.3 to 20 µM with a lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.12 µM, which realized the accurate detection of GSH in human serum and urine samples. Moreover, in the tumor microenvironment, MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs could catalyze hydrogen peroxide to produce hydroxyl free radicals and produce a photothermal effect under the exposure of NIR-I irradiation. The catalytic activity of MXene@PDA/Co-N-CD nanocomposites was fully achieved for the death of cancer cells through photothermal/photodynamic synergistic therapy. The MXene@PDA/Co-N-CDs nanozyme offers multiple applications in GSH detection and tumor therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

The precise oxygen content thresholds of ischemic deep parenchymal (OCIDP) and that in cortical microcirculation (OCCM), which leads to ischemic penumbra converting into the infarcted core, remain uncertain. This study employed an invasive fiber-optic oxygen meter and a newly developed oxygen-responsive probe called RuA 3 -Cy5-rtPA (RC-rtPA) based on recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) to examine the oxygen content thresholds. A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was generated and animals were randomly divided into a sham, 24-h reperfusion after 3-h ischemia (IR 3-h), and IR 6-h groups, all of which were sacrificed following reperfusion. Stroke severity was evaluated based on the infarction area, neurological symptoms, microcirculation perfusion, and microemboli in microcirculation. OCIDP was characterized based on its extent and distribution, whereas OCCM was measured using RC-rtPA. During ischemia, stroke severity escalation manifested as increasing infarction area, severe neurologic symptoms, and poorer microcirculation perfusion with more microthrombi depositions. OCIDP presented rapid decline following artery occlusion along with a gradual increase in the hypoxic area. Within 3 ​h following ischemia induction, the ischemic tissue that experienced hypoxia could be rescued, and this reversibility would disappear after 6 ​h. Within 6 ​h, OCCM continued to decrease. A significant decrease in oxygen content in cortical venules and cortical parenchyma was observed. These findings assist in establishing the extent of the ischemic penumbra at the microcirculation level and offer a foundation for assessing the ischemic penumbra that could respond positively to reperfusion therapy beyond the typical time window., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Haiqiang Jin reports financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Yining Hang reports financial support was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Mechanical metamaterials are often designed with particular properties for specific load-bearing functions. Alternatively, this study aims to create a class of active lattice metamaterials, dubbed self-activated solids, that can learn desired stiffness tensors from the elastic deformations they experienced, a crucial feature to improve the performance, efficiency, and functionality of materials. Artificial adaptive matters that combine sensory, control, and actuation elements can offer appealing solutions. However, challenges still remain: The designs will rely on accurate off-line and global computations, as well as intricate coordination among individual elements. Here, a simple online and local learning strategy is initiated based on contrastive Hebbian learning to gradually guide self-activated solids to possess sought-after stiffness tensors autonomously and reversibly. During learning, the bond stiffness of the active lattice varies depending only on its local strain. The numerical tests show that the self-activated solid can not only achieve the desired bulk, shear, and coupling moduli but also manifest uni-mode and bi-mode extremal materials by itself after experiencing the corresponding elastic deformations. Further, the self-activated solid can also achieve the desired time-varying moduli when exposed to temporally different loads. The design is applicable to any lattice geometries and is resistant to damage and instabilities. The material design approach and the physical learning strategy suggested can benefit the design of autonomous materials, physical learning machines, and adaptive robots., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Spodoptera frugiperda is a migratory agricultural pest with fast-spreading speed, long migration distance, and wide host range, which seriously threatens the safety of economic crops. To predict the trends of S. frugiperda and its parasitoid wasp Trichogramma pretiosum in their habitats under current and future climatic conditions, based on MaxEnt model and geographic distribution data of their historical occurrence, we project the feasibility of introducing T. pretiosum to control S. frugiperda by evaluating on their potential global distribution. The results show that, under the current greenhouse gas concentration, the potential distribution area of S. frugiperda is concentrated in 50° N-30° S, with a total area of 1.74 × 10 6  km 2 , and the potential distribution area of T. pretiosum in the whole world is 2.91 × 10 6  km 2 . The suitable areas of T. pretiosum cover almost all the suitable areas of S. frugiperda, which indicates that T. pretiosum can be introduced to control S. frugiperda. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the monitoring and early warning of S. frugiperda and the use of T. pretiosum to control S. frugiperda., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

This study investigated the effects of multidirectional forging (MDF) and aging treatments on the wear properties of ZK61 magnesium alloy. Dry sliding wear tests were performed on homogenized, MDF, and aged samples using a friction wear machine to analyze the surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light interferometry, as well as the hardness and tensile mechanical properties. The ZK61 magnesium alloy has higher sliding wear properties after MDF due to higher strength, hardness, and work hardening. Grain refinement affects the wear resistance of the material, but aging increases the hardness and tensile strength and decreases the wear resistance.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC), in order to provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention, treatment, and management of OPC., Methods: The electronic databases were searched available publications relevant to HPV infection and OPC. Studies were collected until July, 2023. The effect sizes were combined using R 4.2.2 software. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to assess the publication bias., Results: Seventy-one studies were included with 10,908 OPC patients. The pooled prevalence of HPV and HR-HPV infection was 44.22% and 43.94%, respectively. The genotypes of HR-HPV were HPV16 (37.24%), HPV33 (2.44%), HPV18 (1.64%), HPV35 (1.53%), and HPV58 (0.89%). The highest HPV infection was in North America (66.87%), Oceania (43.09%), and Europe (41.49%), lowest in Africa (4.89%). Females exhibited higher HPV infection (43.18% vs 34.59% in males). Top subsites of HPV infection was tonsil (45.78%), followed by base of tongue (36.66%). Infection was higher in OPC patients aged > 60 (38.15%) than < 60 (34.73%). The prevalence of HPV infection in stage I-II of OPC patients is higher than that in stage III-IV., Conclusions: HPV genotyping (16, 18, 33, 35, 58) is a key factor in the prevention and treatment of OPC. Identifying tonsils, base of tongue, and soft palate as common subsites to improve early detection. Elderly women with high HPV infection require attention to risk management and health education for prevention., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

As one of the infiltration-based low-impact development (LID) measures, infiltration trenches are widely used to reduce runoff and improve water quality. The conventional analytical stochastic approach developed for use in the hydrologic design of infiltration trenches often overestimates the trench's runoff reduction performance when the infiltration rate at the bottom of the trench exceeds some high level or when the size of the trench is smaller than some threshold level. Furthermore, the appropriateness of using kernel density estimation (KDE) for rainfall event separation and frequency analysis has not been examined yet in the actual hydrologic design of LIDs. To overcome these deficiencies, an improved analytical stochastic model (ASM) was developed in this study incorporating the KDE-based rainfall event characterization and a modified formula for estimating the effective storage capacity of trenches. The calibration, verification and application of the improved ASM were systematically presented and their results were discussed. The accuracy of the improved ASM were verified by comparing the analytical results against the corresponding continuous simulation results. A large number of design cases in nine provincial capital cities of China were analyzed using the improved ASM and considering the effects of soil types, trench's storage reservoir depth, area ratio, and climate conditions. The improved ASM of infiltration trenches is useful for quickly and accurately assessing their water quantity control performances. The results indicated that the accuracy of improved ASM improved by up to 71 % in terms of R-square among the 9 study areas compared to conventional ASM. The improved ASM can be used to directly and quickly calculate the useful hydrologic performance indices for a given trench size, soil condition, area ratio and local climate condition, it can thus provide scientific guidance for the Sponge City construction in China and sustainable urban stormwater management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) is a well-known environmental carcinogen that poses a significant risk to human health. The pivotal genes and toxicity pathways have been identified as key events to construct the mode of action (MOA) of BaP. In this study, we focused on evaluating the association between genetic variants in BaP-disturbed toxicity pathways and the susceptibility of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), based on the data of our previous genome-wide association analysis (GWAS). In addition, we investigated the biological roles of these significant polymorphisms by integrating bioinformatic annotation and experimental validation. Our findings revealed that 15 functional polymorphisms in AHR signaling, p53 signaling, NRF2 signaling, TGF-β signaling, STAT3 signaling, and IL-8 signaling pathways were significantly associated with susceptibility to LSCC. Our study provides a novel approach for identifying novel risk genetic loci utilizing GWAS data, and suggests potential targets for early detection of LSCC in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Effective control over the crystallization of metal-organic framework (MOF) films is of great importance not only for the performance study and optimization in related applications but also for the fundamental understanding of the involved reticular chemistry. Featuring many technological advantages, electrochemical synthesis has been extensively reported for many MOF materials but is still challenged by the production of dense oriented films with a large-range tuning of thickness. Here, we report a ligand-oxidation-based anodic strategy capable of synthesizing oriented films of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) conductive M-catecholate MOFs (2D Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 , 2D Zn 3 (HHTP) 2 , 2D Co 3 (HHTP) 2 , 3D YbHHTP, and 2D Cu 2 TBA) with tunable thicknesses up to tens of micrometers on commonly used electrodes. This anodic strategy relies on the oxidation of redox-active catechol ligands and follows a stepwise electrochemical-chemical reaction mechanism to achieve effective control over crystallizing M-catecholate MOFs into films oriented in the [001] direction. Benefiting from the electrically conductive nature, Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 films could be thickened at a steady rate (17.4 nm·min -1 ) from ∼90 nm to 10.7 μm via a growth mechanism differing from those adopted in previous electrochemical synthesis of dense MOF films with limited thickness due to the self-inhibition effect. This anodic synthesis could be further combined with a templating strategy to fabricate not only films with well-defined 2D features in sizes from micrometers to millimeters but also high aspect ratio mesostructures, such as nanorods, of Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 .

The awareness and acceptance of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines among Chinese primary and junior high school students is limited. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the awareness of HPV and HPV vaccines, as well as the acceptance of HPV vaccines, providing evidence-based strategies to promote HPV vaccination. Based on the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library, the literatures about the awareness of HPV and HPV vaccines, as well as the acceptance of HPV vaccines among parents of primary and junior high school students were collected from the inception to June 2023. Subgroup analysis was used to find the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. Fifteen literatures with 21,853 participants were included. The pooled HPV awareness, HPV vaccine awareness and acceptance rates among parents of primary and junior high school students in China were 42.90% (95% CI: 33.34%-52.47%), 28.11% (95% CI: 18.20%-43.41%), and 55.29% (95% CI: 45.85%-64.36%), respectively. The survey period and the proportion of female parents were the heterogeneity in awareness of HPV and HPV vaccines, as well as acceptance of HPV vaccines by subgroup analysis. Additionally, regional distribution emerged as another significant source of heterogeneity in HPV vaccine acceptance. The primary cause for parents' reluctance to vaccinate their children was theirs worries about the safety of the vaccines (66.21%). Though the awareness of HPV and its vaccines was low among parents of primary and junior high school students in China, the acceptance of HPV vaccines was relatively high. Strengthening health education and publicity was crucial to enhance awareness and acceptance, promoting HPV vaccination for effective cervical cancer prevention., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

In healthcare, wireless body area networks (WBANs) can be used to constantly collect patient body data and assist in real-time medical services for patients from physicians. In such security- and privacy-critical systems, the user authentication mechanism can be fundamentally expected to prevent illegal access and privacy leakage occurrences issued by hacker intrusion. Currently, a significant quantity of new WBAN-oriented authentication protocols have been designed to verify user identity and ensure that body data are accessed only with a session key. However, those newly published protocols still unavoidably affect session key security and user privacy due to the lack of forward secrecy, mutual authentication, user anonymity, etc. To solve this problem, this paper designs a robust user authentication protocol. By checking the integrity of the message sent by the other party, the communication entity verifies the other party's identity validity. Compared with existing protocols, the presented protocol enhances security and privacy while maintaining the efficiency of computation.

Permeable pavements (PPs) are widely used for stormwater control in urbanized areas as they provide absorption and retention of surface runoff. Previous studies on PP systems mainly focus on non-vehicular access areas with light traffic loads where the base usually connects to native soils which allow exfiltration from the bottom. The runoff reduction performance of the PPs in vehicular access areas (PPs-VAA) featured by more complex structure with underdrain outflow control still needs in-depth investigation. In this study, an analytical probabilistic model was developed to quantify the runoff control performance of PPs-VAA taking into account the effects of climate conditions, layer configurations and varying underdrain outflows. The calibration and verification of the proposed analytical permeable pavement model for vehicular access areas (APPM-VAA) were performed by comparing the analytical results with SWMM simulation results. The model was tested in case studies in Guangzhou and Jinan, China, with humid and semi-humid climate conditions, respectively. Close agreement between the results obtained from the proposed analytical model and those from continuous simulation outputs was observed. The proposed analytical model is proved to be capable of rapidly assessing the runoff control performance of PPs-VAA; it can thus be used in the hydrologic design and analysis of permeable pavement systems in engineering practices., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

With the development of urbanization, the problem of the disintegrated between industry and city became more prominent, exploring the reasons. The efficiency of new-type industry has been the crucial factor in city-industry integration. This paper constructs the measurement index system of new-type urbanization via DEA-BCC methodology, starting from the quality of urbanization to analyze the efficiency of urbanization. This paper chooses the total energy consumption, general public budget expenditure, and the proportion of employment personnel in the tertiary industry in all urban units as input variables. The total retail sales of consumer goods, urbanization rate, average annual concentration of pm2.5 (popW), and built-up area as output variables. This paper uses DEA method to measure the comprehensive efficiency value, technical efficiency value, and scale efficiency value of new urbanization in Shanghai, and analyzes the influencing factors of urbanization efficiency. The results show the following: (1) The overall level of comprehensive efficiency value, technical efficiency value, and scale efficiency of Shanghai's new-type urbanization are relatively high, especially the technical efficiency basically stays at a high level. The overall trend of scale efficiency and comprehensive efficiency is consistent, and the comprehensive efficiency is greatly influenced by scale efficiency. (2) The technical efficiency of urbanization in Shanghai is close to the optimal, and there is little space for further increasing technological input to improve the comprehensive efficiency of new-type urbanization. The scale efficiency is slightly lower than the technical efficiency, and there is still some space for optimization. (3) In terms of urbanization input indicators, Shanghai's total energy consumption and general public budget input were too much in the early years, which led to the reduction of urbanization efficiency, and the situation has been improved in recent years. In terms of the output index of urbanization, increasing the total retail sales of social consumer goods and the output of built-up area can make the urbanization efficiency of Shanghai reach the optimal efficiency., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of P2X3 , P2X7 genes and environment interaction with susceptibility of childhood asthma., Methods: We conducted a matched case-control study with 170 cases and 175 healthy controls. The rs10896611, rs2276038, rs3781899 in P2X3 and rs1718119, rs3751143 in P2X7 polymorphisms were genotyped using the technique of an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction. Gene-gene, gene-environment and haplotype-environment interactions were tested using the generalized multi-factor dimensionality reduction method., Results: There were no differences between cases and controls in allele or genotype frequencies of P2X3 and P2X7 . The C/C, G/C genotypes of rs10896611, and C/C, C/T genotypes of rs2276038 and G/G, G/A genotypes of rs3781899 were associated with asthmatic cough ( p >  0.05). The haplotype GCT of P2X3 reduced the risk of asthma (OR = 0.48, p  = 0.048), and the haplotypes AGT (OR = 0.45, p  = 0.001) and GCC (OR = 2.16, p  = 0.002) were associated with asthmatic cough. The haplotype AA of P2X7 increased risk of asthma severity ( p <  0.05). The three-locus model indicated a potential haplotype-environment interaction in GCT, ETS, and pet ( p  = 0.001)., Conclusions: The rs10896611, rs2276038 and rs3781899 of P2X3 minor alleles increased the risk of asthmatic cough. Haplotype GCT of P2X3 was a protective factor for asthma, the haplotype AGT was a protective factor and GCC was a risk factor for asthma with cough. In addition, the interactions of haplotype GCT of P2X3 , ETS and pet may increase an individual's susceptibility to asthma.

Designing oral drug delivery systems using intestinal glucose transporters (IGTs) may be one of the strategies for improving oral bioavailability of drugs. However, little is known about the biological factors affecting the drug transport capacity of IGTs. Gastrodin is a sedative drug with a structure very similar to glucose. It is a highly water-soluble phenolic glucoside. It can hardly enter the intestine through simple diffusion but exhibits good oral bioavailability of over 80%. We confirmed that gastrodin is absorbed via the intestinal glucose transport pathway. It has the highest oral bioavailability among the reported glycosides' active ingredients through this pathway. Thus, gastrodin is the most selective drug substrate of IGTs and can be used to evaluate the drug transport capacity of IGTs. Obviously, strain is one of the main biological factors affecting drug absorption. This study firstly compared the drug transport capacity of IGTs between SD rats and Wistar rats and between C57 mice and KM mice by pharmacokinetic experiments and single-pass intestinal perfusion experiments of gastrodin. Then, the sodium-dependent glucose transporter type 1 (SGLT1) and sodium-independent glucose transporters type 2 (GLUT2) in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon of these animals were quantified using RT-qPCR and Western blot. The results showed that the oral bioavailability of gastrodin in Wistar rats was significantly higher than in SD rats and significantly higher in KM mice than in C57 mice. Gastrodin absorption significantly differed among different intestinal segments in SD rats, C57 mice and KM mice, except Wistar rats. RT-qPCR and Western blot demonstrated that the intestinal expression distribution of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in SD rats and C57 mice was duodenum ≈ jejunum > ileum > colon. SGLT1 expression did not differ among different intestinal segments in KM mice, whereas the intestinal expression distribution of GLUT2 was duodenum ≈ jejunum ≈ ileum > colon. However, the expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 did not differ among different intestinal segments in Wistar rats. It was reported that the intestinal expression distribution of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in humans is duodenum > jejunum > ileum > colon. Hence, the intestinal expression distribution of SGLT1 and GLUT2 of SD rats and C57 mice was more similar to that in humans. In conclusion, the drug transport capacity of IGTs differs in different strains of rats and mice. SD rats and C57 mice are more suitable for evaluating the pharmacokinetics of glycosides' active ingredients absorbed via the intestinal glucose transport pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Modal-free optimization algorithms do not require specific mathematical models, and they, along with their other benefits, have great application potential in adaptive optics. In this study, two different algorithms, the single-dimensional perturbation descent algorithm (SDPD) and the second-order stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm (2SPGD), are proposed for wavefront sensorless adaptive optics, and a theoretical analysis of the algorithms' convergence rates is presented. The results demonstrate that the single-dimensional perturbation descent algorithm outperforms the stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) and 2SPGD algorithms in terms of convergence speed. Then, a 32-unit deformable mirror is constructed as the wavefront corrector, and the SPGD, single-dimensional perturbation descent, and 2SPSA algorithms are used in an adaptive optics numerical simulation model of the wavefront controller. Similarly, a 39-unit deformable mirror is constructed as the wavefront controller, and the SPGD and single-dimensional perturbation descent algorithms are used in an adaptive optics experimental verification device of the wavefront controller. The outcomes demonstrate that the convergence speed of the algorithm developed in this paper is more than twice as fast as that of the SPGD and 2SPGD algorithms, and the convergence accuracy of the algorithm is 4% better than that of the SPGD algorithm.

Graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) possess mechanical stiffness, optical properties, and biocompatibility making them promising materials for biomedical applications. However, to realize the potential of graphene in biomedicine, it must overcome several challenges that arise when it enters the body's circulatory system. Current research focuses on the development of tumor-targeting devices using graphene, but GFNs accumulated in different tissues and cells through different pathways, which can cause toxic reactions leading to cell apoptosis and body dysfunction when the accumulated amount exceeds a certain limit. In addition, as a foreign substance, graphene can induce complex inflammatory reactions with immune cells and inflammatory factors, potentially enhancing or impairing the body's immune function. This review discusses the biomedical applications of graphene, the effects of graphene materials on human immune function, and the biotoxicity of graphene materials., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 Ban et al.)

Introduction: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and debilitating side effects experienced by patients with breast cancer (BC) during postoperative chemotherapy. Family-involvement combined aerobic and resistance exercise has been introduced as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for CRF symptom relief and improving patients' muscle strength, exercise completion, family intimacy and adaptability and quality of life. However, evidence for the practice of home participation in combined aerobic and resistance exercise for the management of CRF in patients with BC is lacking., Methods and Analysis: We present a protocol for a quasi-randomised controlled trial involving an 8-week intervention. Seventy patients with BC will be recruited from a tertiary care centre in China. Participants from the first oncology department will be assigned to the family-involvement combined aerobic and resistance exercise group (n=28), while participants from the second oncology department will be assigned to the control group that will receive standard exercise guidance (n=28). The primary outcome will be the Piper Fatigue Scale-Revised (R-PFS) score. The secondary outcomes will include muscle strength, exercise completion, family intimacy and adaptability and quality of life, which will be evaluated by the stand-up and sit-down chair test, grip test, exercise completion rate, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, Second Edition-Chinese Version (FACESⅡ-CV) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy -Breast (FACT-B) scale. Analysis of covariance will be applied for comparisons between groups, and paired t-tests will be used for comparison of data before and after exercise within a group., Ethics and Dissemination: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (PJ-KS-KY-2021-288). The results of this study will be published via peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences., Trail Registration Number: ChiCTR2200055793., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Inspired by the bio-oxygen oxidation/reduction processes of hemoglobin, iron-based transition metal-like enzyme catalysts have been explored as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts. We synthesized a chlorine-coordinated monatomic iron material (FeN 4 Cl-SAzyme) via a high temperature pyrolysis method as a catalyst for the ORR. The half-wave potential ( E 1/2 ) was 0.885 V, which exceeded those of Pt/C and the other FeN 4 X-SAzyme (X = F, Br, I) catalysts. Furthermore, through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we systematically explored the better performance reason of FeN 4 Cl-SAzyme. This work offers a promising approach toward high-performance single atom electrocatalysts.

Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests relationships. [Bing wei reports financial support was provided by Minsheng Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province (No. 2021JH2/10300060).].

Several studies have demonstrated the protective effect of dl-3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) against cerebral ischemia, which may be related to the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the specific mechanism and targets of NBP in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion remains unclear. In this study, we used a chemical proteomics approach to search for targets of NBP and identified cytochrome C oxidase 7c (Cox7c) as a key interacting target of NBP. Our findings indicated that NBP inhibits mitochondrial apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and increases ATP production through upregulation of Cox7c. Subsequently, mitochondrial respiratory capacity was improved and the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway was upregulated, which contributed to the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and blood brain barrier integrity and promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, our findings provided a novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of NBP, and also proposed for the first time that Cox7c exerts a critical role by protecting mitochondrial function., Competing Interests: Author JY was employed by the Leewe Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer CC declared a shared affiliation with the authors JJ, JD, HJ, DN, ZY, WY, ZS, YL, RL, ZW, YH at the time of review. The authors declare that this study received funding from CSPC NBP Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication., (Copyright © 2023 Jia, Deng, Jin, Yang, Nan, Yu, Yu, Shen, Lu, Liu, Wang, Qu, Qiu, Yang and Huang.)

Fashioning microporous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) into single crystals with ordered macropores allows for an effective reduction of the mass transfer resistance and the maximum preservation of their intrinsic properties but remains unexplored. Here, we report the first synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) ordered macroporous single crystals of the imine-linked 3D microporous COFs (COF-300 and COF-303) via a template-assisted modulated strategy. In this strategy, COFs crystallized within the sacrificial colloidal crystal template, assembled from monodisperse polystyrene microspheres, and underwent an aniline-modulated amorphous-to-crystalline transformation to form large single crystals with 3D interconnected macropores. The effects of the introduced macroporous structure on the sorption performances of COF-300 single crystals were further probed by iodine. Our results indicate that iodine adsorption occurred in micropores of COF-300 but not in the introduced macropores. Accordingly, the iodine adsorption capacity of COF single crystals was governed by their micropore accessibility. The relatively long diffusion path in the non-macroporous COF-300 single crystals resulted in a limited micropore accessibility (48.4%) and thus a low capacity in iodine adsorption (1.48 g·g -1 ). The introduction of 3D ordered macropores can greatly shorten the microporous diffusion path in COF-300 single crystals and thus render all their micropores fully accessible in iodine adsorption with a capacity (3.15 g·g -1 ) that coincides well with the theoretical one.

Seed size and shape are not only critical for plant reproduction and dispersal, but also important agronomic traits. Tomato fruit shape loci sun , ovate and fs8.1 regulate the morphology of fruit, flower, leaf and stem, and recently their functions in seed morphogenesis have also been noticed. However, mechanism underlying seed morphology variation has not been systematically investigated yet. Thus, using the near isogenic lines (NILs) harboring one, two or three of the fruit shape loci, histological, physiological and transcriptional bases of seed morphology change have been studied. sun and ovate showed potential abilities in decreasing seed size, whereas, fs8.1 had a potential ability in increasing this parameter. Interactions between two loci and the interaction among three loci all led to significant decrease of seed size. All the loci significantly down-regulated seed shape index (SSI), except for sun/fs8.1 double NIL, which resulted in the reductions in both seed length and width and finally led to a decreased trend of SSI. Histologically, seed morphological changes were mainly attributed to the cell number variations. Transcriptional and physiological analyses discovered that phytohormone-, cytoskeleton- as well as sugar transportation- and degradation-related genes were involved in the regulation of seed morphology by the fruit shape loci., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Chen, Pan, Li, Xu, Cao, Jia, Shen and Sun.)

Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a highly damaging agricultural pest in many tropical and subtropical countries around the world and high temperatures usually affect its survival. To clarify the effect of short-term high temperatures on the survival and lifespan of Z. cucurbitae , newly emerged adults of three consecutive generations (F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 ) were exposed to 25 °C, 33 °C, 37 °C, 41 °C, or 45 °C treatments for 1 h. The effect of these temperatures on survival and lifespan was evaluated using biological indicators such as lifespan and pupation rate. Then, to study the molecular regulatory mechanism of the lifespan of Z. cucurbitae after short-term high-temperature treatment, we exposed the newly emerged adults to 25 °C or 45 °C treatments for 1 h and used siRNA to interfere with the expression of the vitellogenin receptor ( VgR ) gene in the female to study the effect of the VgR gene on the lifespan of Z. cucurbitae . The results showed that the survival rate, lifespan, pupae weight, pupation rate, and emergence rate of Z. cucurbitae decreased with increased temperature, while the female sex ratio of offspring increased. The heat resistance of females was higher than that of males. Interference with the expression of the VgR gene resulted in shortening of the female's lifespan by approximately 60% after exposure to 25 °C or 45 °C treatments for 1 h, which indicated involvement of the VgR gene in the regulation of Z. cucurbitae lifespan. This study provides a reference to guide integrated control of Z. cucurbitae in high-temperature seasons., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lian, Peng, Yang, Jia, Li, Wang, Yang, Zheng and Zhou.)

Climate change affects the population distribution of pests and their natural enemies, and predicting these effects is necessary for pest monitoring and green control. Lipaphis erysimi is an important vegetable pest, and its natural enemy, the Eupeodes corollae Fabricius has a strong predatory effect on the L. erysimi . To assess the spread trends of L. erysimi and its natural enemy, the hoverfly, E. corollae under current (1970-2000) and future climates (2041-2060), based on the MaxEnt model, this paper uses data on the geographical distribution of the historical occurrence of L. erysimi and E. corollae to speculate on their potential distribution areas worldwide and analyze the key environmental factors affecting the survival and spread of both. The results showed that the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP4.5 climatic conditions are favorable for the spread of L. erysimi , the RCP8.5 climatic conditions are unfavorable for the spread of L. erysimi , and all three future climatic conditions are unfavorable for the spread of E. corollae . The highest fitness of L. erysimi was found at the annual average temperature of 18 °C and the annual average precipitation of 900 mm, while the highest fitness of E. corollae was found at the annual average temperature of 10 °C and the lowest temperature in the coldest month of 0 °C. This study can provide a reference basis for monitoring and early warning and biological control of L. erysimi ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lian, Wang, Peng, Jia, Yang, Li, Yang, Zheng and Zhou.)

The harm of agricultural pests presents a remarkable effect on the quality and safety of edible farm products and the monitoring and identification of agricultural pests based on the Internet of Things (IoT) produce a large amount of data to be transmitted. To achieve efficient and real-time transmission of the sensors' data for pest monitoring, this paper selects 235 geographic coordinates of agricultural pest monitoring points and uses genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and simulated annealing (SA) to optimize the data transmission paths of sensors. The three intelligent algorithms are simulated by MATLAB software. The results show that the optimized path based on PSO can make the shortest time used for transmitting data, and its corresponding minimum time is 4.868012 s. This study can provide a reference for improving the transmission efficiency of agricultural pest monitoring data, provide a guarantee for developing real-time and effective pest control strategies, and further reduce the threat of pest damage to the safety of farm products.

Background: It is critical to understand the sensitivity, response direction and magnitude of carbohydrates and secondary compounds to warming for predicting the structure and function of the tundra ecosystem towards future climate change., Results: Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to passively increase air and soil temperatures on Changbai Mountain alpine tundra. After seven years' continuous warming (+ 1.5 °C), the vegetation coverage, nonstructural carbohydrates (soluble sugars and starch) and secondary compounds (total phenols, flavonoids and triterpenes) of leaves and roots in three dominant dwarf shrubs, Dryas octopetala var. asiatica, Rhododendron confertissimum and Vaccinium uliginosum, were investigated during the growing season. Warming did not significantly affect the concentrations of carbohydrates but decreased total phenols for the three species. Carbohydrates and secondary compounds showed significantly seasonal pattern and species-specific variation. No significant trade-off or negative relationship between carbohydrates and secondary compounds was observed. Compared to Dr. octopetala var. asiatica, V. uliginosum allocated more carbon on secondary compounds. Warming significantly increased the coverage of Dr. octopetala var. asiatica, did not change it for V. uliginosum and decreased it for Rh. confertissimum. Rh. confertissimum had significantly lower carbohydrates and invested more carbon on secondary compounds than the other two species., Conclusions: Enhanced dominance and competitiveness of Dr. octopetala var. asiatica was companied by increased trend in carbohydrate concentrations and decreased ratio of secondary compounds to total carbon in the warming OTCs. We, therefore, predict that Dr. octopetala var. asiatica will continue to maintain dominant status, but the competition ability of V. uliginosum could gradually decrease with warming, leading to changes in species composition and community structure of the Changbai tundra ecosystem under future climate warming., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Climate change has increased the frequency of extreme heat events. Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) is an important tropical pest that typically changes its reproductive strategies in response to extremely high temperatures. Newly emerged adults of three consecutive generations (F 1 , F 2 , and F 3 ) of Z. cucurbitae (Coquillett) were exposed to 25°C, 33°C, 37°C, 41°C, and 45°C treatments for 1 h to clarify the effects of short-term high temperatures on its reproduction. The influence of these temperatures on reproduction was evaluated using indicators, such as egg number. Newly emerged adults were exposed to 25°C and 45°C treatments for 1 h, and the expression of Vitellogenin receptor ( VgR ) gene in females was interfered with siRNA, and silencing efficiency of RNAi was evaluated. Results showed that short-term high temperatures, except for F 1 treated at 45°C for 1 h to stimulate oviposition, exert a general adverse effect on the reproduction of Z. cucurbitae (Coquillett). All F 3 died after the 45°C treatment for 1 h. Silencing of the VgR gene resulted in the significant downregulation of VgR gene expression at both 24 and 72 h. The egg number, oviposition days, and hatchability of eggs were significantly lower than those of other treatment groups after interference, and the inhibition effect of egg number was the most evident, with a decrease of 88.4% and 95.2% at 25°C and 45°C, respectively, compared with that of the Control Check (CK). Ovarian development speed and diameter were also significantly lower than those of other treatment groups after the interference. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the integrated control of Z. cucurbitae (Coquillett) during high-temperature seasons., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Lian, Peng, Jia, Li, Wang, Yang, Zheng, Yang and Zhou.)

Seven-membered heterocyclic compounds are important drug scaffolds because of their unique chemical structures. They widely exist in natural products and show a variety of biological activities. They have been used commonly in central nervous system drugs in the past 30 years. In the past decade, many studies have been conducted on their activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, etc. Herein, we summarize the research advances in different kinds of seven-membered heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur heteroatoms with antitumor, antisepsis, and anti-inflammation activities in the past ten years, which are expected to be beneficial to the development and design of novel drugs for the corresponding indications., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Electroencephalography (EEG) is recorded by electrodes from different areas of the brain and is commonly used to measure neuronal activity. EEG-based methods have been widely used for emotion recognition recently. However, most current methods for EEG-based emotion recognition do not fully exploit the relationship of EEG channels, which affects the precision of emotion recognition. To address the issue, in this paper, we propose a novel method for EEG-based emotion recognition called CR-GCN: Channel-Relationships-based Graph Convolutional Network. Specifically, topological structure of EEG channels is distance-based and tends to capture local relationships, and brain functional connectivity tends to capture global relationships among EEG channels. Therefore, in this paper, we construct EEG channel relationships using an adjacency matrix in graph convolutional network where the adjacency matrix captures both local and global relationships among different EEG channels. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CR-GCN method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. In subject-dependent experiments, the average classification accuracies of 94.69% and 93.95% are achieved for valence and arousal. In subject-independent experiments, the average classification accuracies of 94.78% and 93.46% are obtained for valence and arousal.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and pro-apototic drugs activating the apoptotic pathway are a strategy for anticancer therapy. To explore new antineoplastic agents, a series of novel mono-indolylbenzoquinone derivatives have been designed and synthesized. Compared with the lead bis-indolylbenzoquinones, most of the novel mono-indolylbenzoquinone derivatives have significantly increased their activity against A549, HeLa, and especially, MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Among them, 10d has the lowest IC 50 value of 70 nM on MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, its oral toxicity is extremely low with an LD 50 value of 374 mg/kg and no obvious liver and kidney damage to mice. 10d down-regulated Bcl-2, up-regulated Bax, and increased the release of cytochrome C, caspase3 and 9. 10d also up-regulated the expression of p53, catalase, and HTRA2/Omi. Therefore, 10d may exert its anticancer activity by activating apoptotic pathway and p53 expression. In vivo, 10d suppressed breast cancer 4T1 tumor growth with 36% inhibition ratio of tumor by intraperitoneal injection in mice. Furthermore, a cross-linked cyanoacrylate (CA)-based local sustained-release drug delivery systems (LSRDDSs) improved 10d anticancer activity to 49.8% inhibition of tumor growth. Taken together, 10d could be a promising drug candidate for clinical development to treat metastatic breast cancer., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Cyromazine is an insect growth regulator insecticide with high selectivity and is widely used in the production and cultivation of fruits and vegetables. In recent years, incidents of excessive cyromazine residues in food have occurred frequently, and it is urgent to establish an accurate, fast, and convenient method for the detection of cyromazine residues to ensure the safety of edible agricultural products. To achieve rapid detection of cyromazine residues, we prepared a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the detection of cyromazine residues in agricultural products. Samples of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Miller), cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ), and water were tested for the recovery rate of cyromazine. The results showed that the concentration of cyromazine showed a good linear relationship with the peak response current of the sensor developed in this study. The lower limit of detection for cyromazine was 0.5 µmol/L, and the sensor also had good reproducibility and interference resistance. This paper can be used as a basis for the study of methods for the detection of cyromazine residues in edible agricultural products.

In this study, a Mg-9Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy was subjected, after solution treatment, to hot compression deformation at different temperatures (350 °C, 400 °C and 450 °C) and different strain rates (0.001 s -1 , 0.01 s -1 , 0.1 s -1 and 0.5 s -1 ) on a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator. The evolution of the stress-strain curves under different conditions was compared. The changes in microstructure caused by the different deformation parameters and the change law of the long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) phase during compression were observed and analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that with the increase in the deformation temperature and the decrease in the strain rate, the degree of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) gradually increased, and the morphology of the phase also changed through, for example, twist fracture. The continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) mechanisms activated during the thermal deformation process can effectively refine the grains and weaken the texture in the alloy.

Resistance to antibiotics has existed in the health care and community settings. Thus, developing novel antibiotics is urgent. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pyruvate kinase (PK) is crucial for the survival of bacteria, making it a novel antimicrobial target. In the past decade, the most commonly reported PK inhibitors include indole, flavonoid, phenazine derivatives from natural products' small molecules or their analogs, or virtual screening from small molecule compound library. This review covers the PK inhibitors and their antimicrobial activities reported from the beginning of 2011 through mid-2020. The Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) were discussed briefly as well., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Melt streams were attenuated into microfibers by high-speed airflow during melt blowing. The present work explored the effect of air-slot width on the fiber diameter and diameter evenness in flush sharp-die melt blowing. The airflow in different die melt blowing was first numerically simulated by the CFD approach. Then, the fiber dynamic whipping was captured by high-speed photography. Finally, a spinning experiment was implemented and the fiber diameters were measured. The result reveals that the sharp die with a larger air-slot width produces fibers with a larger diameter, but the uniformity is obviously better. This study reveals that the air flow, fiber whipping, and final fiber diameter are closely related to each other. The quality control of melt-blown fiber can be carried out by controlling the fiber whipping motion., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

The development of bifunctional electrocatalysts with good stability and high efficiency for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for renewable energy conversion and storage. Herein, by means of swarm-intelligence structure search and density functional theory (DFT) computations, we proposed a novel kind of two-dimensional (2D) monolayer with hypercoordinate structure as electrocatalysts for ORR/OER, namely, transition dinitride (TMN 2 , TM = V, Co, Rh, Pd, W, Re, and Ir) monolayer. Our result revealed that these TMN 2 monolayers have excellent thermal, dynamic and chemical stability, as well as inherent metallic nature for their practical applications in electrocatalysis. More interestingly, among all 2D TMN 2 materials, the IrN 2 monolayer was suggested to perform as an ideal bifunctional electrocatalyst for ORR/OER with a low overpotential of 0.47 and 0.27 V, respectively, which is comparable to Pt and Ir- or Ru-based oxides. Furthermore, by examining the d-band centers of the active sites in different TMN 2 monolayers, we well rationalized the superior catalytic activity of IrN 2 monolayer for ORR/OER. Our findings not only further enrich 2D nanomaterials with hypercoordinate structure, but also open a new door to develop bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with high efficiency., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, a major vascular contributor to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, can exacerbate small vessel pathology. Connexin43, the most abundant gap junction protein in brain tissue, has been found to be critically involved in the pathological changes of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning its role are unclear. We established a mouse model via bilateral common carotid arteries stenosis on connexin43 heterozygous male mice and demonstrated that connexin43 improves brain blood flow recovery by mediating reparative angiogenesis under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which subsequently reduces the characteristic pathologies of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia including white matter lesions and irreversible neuronal injury. We additionally found that connexin43 mediates hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression and then activates the PKA signaling pathway to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis. All the above findings were replicated in bEnd.3 cells treated with 375 µM CoCl 2 in vitro . These results suggest that connexin 43 could be instrumental in developing potential therapies for vascular cognitive impairment and dementia caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Tissue reperfusion is a serious therapeutic strategy of ischemic stroke in addition to recanalization. In this work, we aimed to establish new urokinase-based therapeutics in order to dissolve large vessel thrombus together with microthrombi for stroke implications. Formulations consisted of free urokinase (UK), polyethylene glycol-crosslinked urokinase nanogel (PEG-UK), and a 1:1 mixture of UK and PEG-UK (PEG-UK+UK) were tested both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments confirmed the pH-dependent release of PEG-UK in the PEG-UK+UK formulation. It was activated at pH 6.50, an environmental pH in the infarct brain tissue, owing to the dynamic crosslink property of PEG-UK. In vivo tests on a thromboembolic stroke rat model showed that the formulations containing UK, i.e., free UK and PEG-UK+UK, demonstrated better neurological scores and smaller infarction volumes within the time window, in which the PEG-UK+UK formulation relatively performed better. On the other hand, the formulations containing PEG-UK, i.e., PEG-UK and PEG-UK+UK, gained sufficient thrombolytic efficiency beyond the time window. Further investigation on the mechanism revealed that PEG-UK could reduce microthrombus in distal microcirculation, and its destructive effect was also less than that of free UK. The PEG-UK+UK formulation actually provided a "dual targeting" delivery of UK to both the large vessels and the microcirculation, which was beneficial to the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke both within and beyond the therapeutic time window., (© 2020. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in the production and cultivation of crops. In recent years, the extensive use of imidacloprid in agricultural production has resulted in large amounts of pesticide residues in agricultural products and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a rapid, accurate, sensitive and convenient method for detecting imidacloprid pesticide residues to ensure the safety of agricultural products and the environment. To clarify how to use the molecular imprinting method for the electrochemical rapid residue detection of imidacloprid. This paper selected reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles as modifiers modified on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) chitosan as a functional monomer, and imidacloprid as template molecule to prepare molecularly imprinted polymer, and applied this sensor to the residue detection of imidacloprid. The results showed that the concentration of imidacloprid showed a good linear relationship with the peak response current, and the detection limit of imidacloprid was 0.5 μM, while the sensor had good repeatability and interference resistance. The recoveries of imidacloprid spiked on three samples, mango, cowpea and water, were in the range of 90-110% (relative standard deviation, RSD<5%), which proved the practicality and feasibility of the assay established in this paper. The results of this paper can be used as a basis for the research on the detection of imidacloprid pesticide residues in food or environment., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

This study analyzed the roles of puerarin and LncRNA ANRIL in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) model was established with H9C2 cells. Effects of puerarin of gradient concentrations on cardiomyocytes at different time points of hypoxia and reoxygenation were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and microscope observation. Effects of puerarin on cardiomyocyte viability, ANRIL expression, contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), apoptosis, and expressions of autophagy-related genes after H/R injury were determined by CCK-8, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), ELISA, flow cytometry, and Western blot, respectively. After cell transfection, the effects of overexpressed and knockdown of ANRIL on cardiomyocytes and H/R-injured cardiomyocytes were examined by rescue experiments. The ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-injured rat model was established to examine the protective effect of puerarin in vivo. Prolonged hypoxia downregulated ANRIL expression in cardiomyocytes and reduced cardiomyocyte viability. Prolonged reoxygenation increased apoptosis. Both cardiomyocyte viability and ANRIL expression showed a dose-dependent relationship with puerarin. Puerarin reversed the effects of H/R injury on cardiomyocyte viability, ANRIL expression, contents of LDH and MDA, apoptosis, and expressions of autophagy-related genes. Overexpression and knockdown of ANRIL regulated the functions of cardiomyocytes and the expressions of autophagy-related genes. Puerarin reversed the effects of knockdown of ANRIL on H/R-injured cells. The results of In vivo experiments confirmed that puerarin protected myocardial tissues by up-regulating ANRIL and inhibiting autophagy., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Solar-driven water evaporation is a promising solution to water pollution, the energy crisis, and water shortages. However, the approach in which the photothermal film is in direct contact with bulk water for water evaporation may lead to a large amount of heat loss, thereby reducing the light-to-heat conversion efficiency (η) of the photothermal film. Here, a highly efficient solar-driven water evaporation system was developed using a Co-Sn alloy-deposited Teflon (PTFE) film (Co-Sn alloy@PTFE) and super-absorbent polymers (SAPs) supported with a floating foam substrate. The Co-Sn alloy with full-spectrum (200-2500 nm) absorption characteristics is devoted to high light-to-heat conversion, while the porous PTFE with high mechanical performance can support the Co-Sn alloy. We used density functional theory to prove that the Co-Sn alloy had a strong adhesive force with PTFE without surfactants due to the high adsorption energy between the (101) crystal plane of the Co-Sn alloy and the hydroxyl group on the PTFE film. Importantly, via the SAP-based "water pump" design, we improved the η of the Co-Sn alloy@PTFE film to 89%, mainly because the SAP not only effectively performed water transportation but also markedly reduced the heat loss of the Co-Sn alloy@PTFE film. Our work highlights the strong potential of Co-Sn alloy@PTFE-based light-to-heat conversion systems for realizing highly effective solar energy-driven water evaporation.

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and death worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognized as a marker of neuronal death during ischemic stroke. Maintaining the function of mitochondria is important for improving the survival of neurons and maintaining neuronal function. Damaged mitochondria induce neuronal cell apoptosis by releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-apoptotic factors. Mitochondrial fission and fusion processes and mitophagy are of great importance to mitochondrial quality control. This paper reviews the dynamic changes in mitochondria, the roles of mitochondria in different cell types, and related signaling pathways in ischemic stroke. This review describes in detail the role of mitochondria in the process of neuronal injury and protection in cerebral ischemia, and integrates neuroprotective drugs targeting mitochondria in recent years, which may provide a theoretical basis for the progress of treatment of ischemic stroke. The potential of mitochondrial-targeted therapy is also emphasized, which provides valuable insights for clinical research.

The transition metal-based nitride (TMN) holds great promise as catalysts with high efficiency for energy-related technologies. Herein, on the basis of global structure search and density functional theory calculations, a novel two-dimensional (2D) TMN was identified: RuN 2 monolayer with tetracoordinated Ru atoms and isolated N═N dimers, which is revealed to possess high thermal, dynamic, and chemical stabilities as well as metallic nature, thus providing great feasibility for its practical application in electrochemical reactions. Remarkably, we found that the predicted RuN 2 monolayer exhibits superior catalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a rather high limiting potential (0.99 V) and an overwhelming four-electron reduction pathway selectivity. Thus, our results suggested the robust applicability of RuN 2 monolayer as a novel non-Pt catalyst due to its excellent catalytic efficiency and outstanding selectivity for ORR, which not only proposes a new member to the hypercoordinate 2D TMN with novel properties, but also provides a feasible strategy to further develop novel TMN-based nanomaterials for electrocatalytic energy conversion.