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Background: Renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) reduces blood pressure (BP)., Methods: This single-arm open-label study enrolled patients with resistant hypertension (RH) and treat them by CT-guided ozone mediated lumbar-renal sympathetic denervation (L-RDN). The primary endpoint was to assess the changes of BP over 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and to evaluate the anti-hypertensive medication burden (AHMB) at 3-month follow-up. This study was registered in Chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2300071375)., Results: 17 patients (mean age 65.12 ± 10.77 years) with AHMB of 4.12 ± 1.11 were enrolled. After the procedure, 7 patients (46.7 %) matched the criteria for antihypertensive medication reduction. The AHMB decreased to 3.87 ± 0.96 for the whole objectives and from 3.87 ± 0.96 to 3.55 ± 0.78 for patients with normal baseline renal function. On top of the lessened AHMB, L-RDN further reduced morning systolic BP (SBP) by -8.6 ± 4.0 mmHg (p = 0.034) and diastolic BP (DBP) by -4.6 ± 2.1 mmHg (p = 0.032) for all participants and morning SBP by -13.2 ± 3.6 mmHg (p < 0.001), morning DBP by -6.2 ± 2.4 mmHg (p = 0.011) and daytime SBP by -4.1 ± 1.6 mmHg (p = 0.009) for those with normal baseline renal function at 3-month of follow-up. No adverse events were reported intra- and post operation., Conclusions: CT-guided ozone-mediated L-RDN might be an innovative approach of RDN for treating RH. Confirmatory studies are warranted., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

As a significant infectious disease in livestock, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) imposes substantial economic losses on the swine industry. Identification of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets has been a focal challenge in PPRS prevention and control. By integrating metabolomic and lipidomic serum analyses of clinical pig cohorts through a machine learning approach with in vivo and in vitro infection models, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is discovered as a serum metabolic biomarker for PRRS virus (PRRSV) clinical diagnosis. PRRSV promoted LPA synthesis by upregulating the autotaxin expression, which causes innate immunosuppression by dampening the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and type I interferon responses, leading to enhanced virus replication. Targeting LPA demonstrated protection against virus infection and associated disease outcomes in infected pigs, indicating that LPA is a novel antiviral target against PRRSV. This study lays a foundation for clinical prevention and control of PRRSV infections., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases represent significant global health challenges, leading to organ dysfunction and increased mortality rates. Managing these conditions is complex, especially in the elderly population. The study addresses this pressing issue by exploring the application of the Chronic Illness Trajectory Framework (CITF), aiming to improve self-care and quality of life in elderly patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases., Methods: A total of 127 patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases admitted to the hospital were enrolled between January 2020 and January 2022. According to the implementation of CITF management mode, they were divided into a control group (62 cases, non-implementation) and an observation group (65 cases, implementation). The control group was given routine intervention, while the observation group was given CITF-based target management mode for 3 months. The changes in blood glucose, blood lipid, negative emotions, self-efficacy, self-management, compliance, and quality of life before and after intervention in both groups were observed. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhujiang Hospital., Results: After intervention, levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2h plasma glucose (2hPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), scores of self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and Diabetes Specific Quality of Life Scale (DSQL) were decreased (P < .05), while scores of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and Scale of the Diabetes Self-Care Activities Chinese version (SDSCA), and compliance rate were increased in both groups (P < .05). The levels of FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, TC, TG, and LDL-C, scores of SDS, SAS, and DSQL in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < .001), and scores of GSES and SDSCA, and compliance rate were higher than those in the control group (P < .001). These results highlight the positive role of comprehensive intervention in improving the physical and mental health of patients with diabetes and provide strong support for the application of comprehensive intervention strategies in diabetes management., Conclusion: CITF-based target management mode can alleviate negative emotions in patients with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, improve self-management, self-efficacy, and compliance, effectively control blood glucose and lipids, and improve quality of life. The study conclusions highlight the importance of CITF management models in improving the management of patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This comprehensive intervention helps reduce negative emotions, improve self-management and compliance, effectively control blood sugar and blood lipids, and improve quality of life. These results have important clinical implications and provide strong support for better care of patients with chronic diseases.

The prevalence of plastics in the oceans has significantly intensified microplastic pollution, contributing to broader marine secondary pollution issues. This paper examines how plastic structure affects the aging characteristics of plastics and the release of metal ions, to better understand this secondary source of marine pollution. This study simulate the photoaging of plastics in natural environments, focusing on aliphatic and aromatic polymers. The results showed that the photodegradation degree was higher for aliphatic than aromatic polymers. All polymers contained thirteen detectable metals, with their release increasing over time due to photoaging, The release dynamics of these metal ions correlated more strongly with the level of polymer degradation rather than with the polymer structure itself, adhering to a second-order kinetic model driven by surface and intraparticle diffusion processes. The results will help control and treat marine plastic pollution., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a global leading cause of cancer deaths, remains inadequately addressed by current protein biomarkers. Our study focuses on developing a protein-based risk signature for improved prognosis of LUAD., Methods: We employed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-COX algorithm on The Cancer Genome Atlas database to construct a prognostic model incorporating six proteins (CD49B, UQCRC2, SMAD1, FOXM1, CD38, and KAP1). The model's performance was assessed using principal component, Kaplan-Meier (KM), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, indicating strong predictive capability. The model stratifies LUAD patients into distinct risk groups, with further analysis revealing its potential as an independent prognostic factor. Additionally, we developed a predictive nomogram integrating clinicopathologic factors, aimed at assisting clinicians in survival prediction. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and examination of the tumor immune microenvironment were conducted, highlighting metabolic pathways in high-risk genes and immune-related pathways in low-risk genes, indicating varied immunotherapy sensitivity. Validation through immunohistochemistry from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and immunofluorescence staining of clinical samples was performed, particularly focusing on CD38 expression., Results: Our six-protein model (CD49B, UQCRC2, SMAD1, FOXM1, CD38, KAP1) effectively categorized LUAD patients into high and low-risk groups, confirmed by principal component, KM, and ROC analyses. The model showed high predictive accuracy, with distinct survival differences between risk groups. Notably, CD38, traditionally seen as protective, was paradoxically associated with poor prognosis in LUAD, a finding supported by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence data. GSEA revealed that high-risk genes are enriched in metabolic pathways, while low-risk genes align with immune-related pathways, suggesting better immunotherapy response in the latter group., Conclusions: This study presented a novel prognostic protein model for LUAD, highlighting the CD38 expression paradox and enhancing our understanding of protein roles in lung cancer progression. It offered new clinical tools for prognosis prediction and provided assistance for future lung cancer pathogenesis research., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-23-1940/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

This study investigates the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) promote M2 polarization of macrophages and thus reduce lung injury caused by sepsis. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes related to long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) in sepsis lung tissue. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to predict the downstream target genes of the lncRNA DLEU2. The RNAInter database predicted miRNAs that interact with DLEU2 and LXN. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using GO and KEGG analysis. A mouse model of sepsis was established, and treatment with a placebo or ADSC-EVs was administered, followed by RT-qPCR analysis. ADSC-EVs were isolated and identified. In vitro cell experiments were conducted using the mouse lung epithelial cell line MLE-12, mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, and mouse lung epithelial cell line (LEPC). ADSC-EVs were co-cultured with RAW264.7 and MLE-12/LEPC cells to study the regulatory mechanism of the lncRNA DLEU2. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of lung injury cells were assessed using CCK-8, EdU, and flow cytometry. ELISA was used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the sepsis mouse model, flow cytometry was performed to determine the number of M1 and M2 macrophages, lung tissue pathology was evaluated by H&E staining, and immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine the expression of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis revealed enrichment of the lncRNA DLEU2 in ADSC-EVs in sepsis lung tissue. Animal and in vitro cell experiments showed increased expression of the lncRNA DLEU2 in sepsis lung tissue after treatment with ADSC-EVs. Furthermore, ADSC-EVs were found to transfer the lncRNA DLEU2 to macrophages, promoting M2 polarization, reducing inflammation response in lung injury cells, and enhancing their viability, proliferation, and apoptosis inhibition. Further functional experiments indicated that lncRNA DLEU2 promotes M2 polarization of macrophages by regulating miR-106a-5p/LXN, thereby enhancing the viability and proliferation of lung injury cells and inhibiting apoptosis. Overexpression of miR-106a-5p could reverse the biological effects of ADSC-EVs-DLEU2 on MLE-12 and LEPC in vitro cell models. Lastly, in vivo animal experiments confirmed that ADSC-EVs-DLEU2 promotes high expression of LXN by inhibiting the expression of miR-106a-5p, further facilitating M2 macrophage polarization and reducing lung edema, thus alleviating sepsis-induced lung injury. lncRNA DLEU2 in ADSC-EVs may promote M2 polarization of macrophages and enhance the viability and proliferation of lung injury cells while inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis reactions, thus ameliorating sepsis-induced lung injury in a mechanism involving the regulation of the miR-106a-5p/LXN axis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study aims to construct a three-dimensional model of skin dermis utilizing continuous tissue sections, with the primary objective of obtaining anatomical structure data for normal human dermal tissues. Methods: Normal skin tissue specimens were acquired, paraffin-embedded, and subjected to HE staining. Panoramic images of skin sections were captured using a microscope. Tissue section images were aligned using the SIFT and StackReg image alignment methods, with analysis conducted using the OpenCV module. Mimics17 software facilitated the reconstruction of the skin dermal 3D model, enabling the calculation of dermal porosity and the void diameter. Results: Panoramic skin slices exhibited high-resolution differentiation of dermal fibers and cellular structures. Both SIFT and StackReg image alignment methods yielded similar results, although the SIFT method demonstrated greater robustness. Successful reconstruction of the three-dimensional dermal structure was achieved. Quantitative analysis revealed a dermal porosity of 18.96 ± 4.41% and an average pore diameter of 219.29 ± 34.27 μm. Interestingly, the porosity of the dermis exhibited a gradual increase from the papillary layer to the fourth layer, followed by a transient decrease and then a gradual increase. The distribution of the mean pore diameter mirrored the pattern observed in porosity distribution. Conclusion: Utilizing the continuous skin tissue slice reconstruction technique, this study successfully reconstructed a high-precision three-dimensional tissue structure of the skin. The quantitative analysis of dermal tissue porosity and average pore diameter provides a standardized dataset for the development of biomimetic tissue-engineered skin., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liu, Zhang and Huang.)

The target of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the micro-dissolution process of cellulose in alkaline aqueous solutions and to develop a novel method for extracting cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). Herein, the dissolution process of cellulose in alkaline aqueous solutions will be controlled by varying the temperature, and the undissolved cellulose will be analyzed to reveal the microscopic dissolution process of cellulose, and a novel process for extracting cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) will be developed based on the findings. The crystalline structure of cellulose was gradually disrupted as the dissolution progressed, and the crystal form of cellulose changed gradually from cellulose I to cellulose II during the dissolution process, while all undissolved cellulose crystals remained as cellulose I. Cellulose, after its structure is disrupted during the dissolution process, will inevitably decompose into CNFs, and the microscopic dissolution process of cellulose follows a "top-down" dissolution sequence. The CNFs extraction method developed in this study can extract CNFs with high yield (>60 %) in a stable manner, as well as narrow particle size distribution, high crystallinity (>77 %), and good thermal stability. This study enhances the comprehension of the dissolution process of cellulose and paves a possible way for industrialization of CNFs production., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We would like to submit the enclosed manuscript entitled “Microscopic dissolution process of cellulose in alkaline aqueous solvents and its application in CNFs extraction - investigating temperature as a variable”, which we wish to be considered for publication in Carbohydrate Polymers. No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this manuscript, and manuscript is approved by all authors for publication. The work was original research that has not been published previously, and not under consideration for publication elsewhere. I have not submitted my manuscript to a preprint server before submitting it to Carbohydrate Polymers., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark property of cancer metabolism. Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate. In mammals, enolases exist in three isoforms, encoded by the genes ENO1 , ENO2 , and ENO3 . The altered expression of enolases is a common occurrence in various types of cancer. Although most published studies on enolases have predominantly focused on the role of ENO1 in cancer, ENO2 and ENO3 have recently emerged as crucial regulatory molecules in cancer development. Significant progress has been made in understanding their multifaceted roles in oncogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the structure, subcellular localization, diagnostic and prognostic significance, biological functions, and molecular mechanisms of ENO2 and ENO3 in cancer progression. The importance of enolase in cancer development makes it a novel therapeutic target for clinical applications. Furthermore, we discuss anticancer agents designed to target enolases and summarize their anticancer efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-214 in the bidirectional regulation of p53 and PTEN and its influence on myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transformation in mice with viral myocarditis (VMC)., Methods: The study established a VMC model in BALB/c mice by injecting them with the CVB3 virus intraperitoneally. Techniques such as ELISA, H&E staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR, western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to detect the expression levels of relevant factors in tissues and cells. Isolation and culture of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were also conducted., Results: The study found that miR-214 bidirectional regulation of p53 and PTEN promotes myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transformation in mice with VMC. The expression levels of collagen-related peptides, inflammatory-related factors, miR-214, mesenchymal transformation-related factors, and fibrosis-related factors were significantly increased, while the expression levels of p53, PTEN, and epithelial/endothelial cell phenotype marker factors were significantly decreased. Downregulation of miR-214 or upregulation of p53 and PTEN expression inhibited inflammatory cell and fibroblast infiltration in VMC mouse myocardial tissue. It reduced the proliferation ability while increasing the apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts., Conclusion: miR-214 plays a significant role in the bidirectional inhibition of p53 and PTEN, which leads to myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transformation in mice with VMC. Downregulation of miR-214 or upregulation of p53 and PTEN expression may provide potential therapeutic targets for treating VMC-induced cardiac fibrosis and mesenchymal transformation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The nonuniform sampling (NUS) is a powerful approach to enable fast acquisition but requires sophisticated reconstruction algorithms. Faithful reconstruction from partially sampled exponentials is highly expected in general signal processing and many applications. Deep learning (DL) has shown astonishing potential in this field, but many existing problems, such as lack of robustness and explainability, greatly limit its applications. In this work, by combining the merits of the sparse model-based optimization method and data-driven DL, we propose a DL architecture for spectra reconstruction from undersampled data, called MoDern. It follows the iterative reconstruction in solving a sparse model to build the neural network, and we elaborately design a learnable soft-thresholding to adaptively eliminate the spectrum artifacts introduced by undersampling. Extensive results on both synthetic and biological data show that MoDern enables more robust, high-fidelity, and ultrafast reconstruction than the state-of-the-art methods. Remarkably, MoDern has a small number of network parameters and is trained on solely synthetic data while generalizing well to biological data in various scenarios. Furthermore, we extend it to an open-access and easy-to-use cloud computing platform (XCloud-MoDern), contributing a promising strategy for further development of biological applications.

Exponential function is a basic form of temporal signals, and how to fast acquire this signal is one of the fundamental problems and frontiers in signal processing. To achieve this goal, partial data may be acquired but result in severe artifacts in its spectrum, which is the Fourier transform of exponentials. Thus, reliable spectrum reconstruction is highly expected in the fast data acquisition in many applications, such as chemistry, biology, and medical imaging. In this work, we propose a deep learning method whose neural network structure is designed by imitating the iterative process in the model-based state-of-the-art exponentials' reconstruction method with the low-rank Hankel matrix factorization. With the experiments on synthetic data and realistic biological magnetic resonance signals, we demonstrate that the new method yields much lower reconstruction errors and preserves the low-intensity signals much better than compared methods.

Introduction: The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to pose a significant threat to the global swine industry, attributed largely to its immunosuppressive properties and the chronic nature of its infection. The absence of effective vaccines and therapeutics amplifies the urgency to deepen our comprehension of PRRSV's intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Previous transcriptomic studies, although informative, are partially constrained by their predominant reliance on in vitro models or lack of long-term infections. Moreover, the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) during PRRSV invasion is yet to be elucidated., Methods: In this study, we employed an in vivo approach, exposing piglets to a PRRSV challenge over varied durations of 3, 7, or 21 days. Subsequently, porcine alveolar macrophages were isolated for a comprehensive transcriptomic investigation, examining the expression patterns of mRNAs, miRNAs, circRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)., Results: Differentially expressed RNAs from all four categories were identified, underscoring the dynamic interplay among these RNA species during PRRSV infection. Functional enrichment analyses indicate that these differentially expressed RNAs, as well as their target genes, play a pivotal role in immune related pathways. For the first time, we integrated circRNAs into the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA relationship, constructing a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Our findings highlight the immune-related genes, CTLA4 and SAMHD1, as well as their associated miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for PRRS. Importantly, we corroborated the expression patterns of selected RNAs through RT-qPCR, ensuring consistency with our transcriptomic sequencing data., Discussion: This study sheds lights on the intricate RNA interplay during PRRSV infection and provides a solid foundation for future therapeutic strategizing., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Peng, Xia, Wei, Zeng, Zou, Hu, Xu, Huang, Geng, Hu, Cao and Zhang.)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has led to significant economic losses in the global porcine industry since the emergence of variant strains in 2010. The high mutability of coronaviruses endows PEDV with the ability to evade the host immune response, which impairs the effectiveness of vaccines. In our previous study, we generated a highly cell-passaged PEDV strain, CT-P120, which showed promise as a live attenuated vaccine candidate by providing satisfactory protection against variant PEDV infection in piglets. However, the mechanism by which the attenuated CT-P120 adapts to cells during passage, resulting in increased replication efficiency, remains unclear. To address this question, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis of Vero E6 cells infected with either the original parental strain (CT-P10) or the cell-attenuated strain (CT-P120) of PEDV at 6, 12, and 24 h post-infection. Compared to CT-P10, CT-P120 infection resulted in a significant decrease in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at each time point. Functional enrichment analysis of genes revealed the activation of various innate immune-related pathways by CT-P10, notably attenuated during CT-P120 infection. To validate these results, we selected eight genes (TRAF3, IRF3, IFNL1, ISG15, NFKB1, MAP2K3, IL1A, and CCL2) involved in antiviral processes and confirmed their mRNA expression patterns using RT-qPCR, in line with the transcriptomic data. Subsequent protein-level analysis of selected genes via Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay corroborated these results, reinforcing the robustness of our findings. Collectively, our research elucidates the strategies underpinning PEDV attenuation and immune evasion, providing invaluable insights for the development of effective PEDV vaccines.

Lung cancer (LC) is a common cancer with high incidence and mortality rates. In recent years, ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), a traditional medicine, is widely used for the treatment of LC. Herein, we concentrate on assessing the effect of Rg3 on LC cell migration and invasion. The effects of Rg3 (0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) on the viability, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of LC cell lines were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), scratch, transwell, tube formation, and western blot assays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to assess transfection efficiency. COX2 overexpression plasmid and short hairpin RNA for VEGF (shVEGF) were applied to evaluate whether the effect of Rg3 is related to COX2 and VEGF through rescue assay. In this study, Rg3 significantly dose-dependently suppressed the viability, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and protein expressions of N-cadherin, vimentin, COX2, and VEGF in H1299 and A549 cells, while promoting the expression of E-cadherin protein. COX2 overexpression markedly reversed the effects of Rg3 on the viability, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and EMT-related protein expression levels in LC cells; however, such effects of COX2 overexpression were offset by VEGF knockdown. In sum, Rg3 alleviates the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of LC cells by inhibiting the expressions of COX2 and VEGF., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Seawater intrusion in the Minjiang River estuary has gravely endangered the water security of the surrounding area in recent years. Previous studies mainly focused on exploring the mechanism of intrusion, but failed to provide a scheme for suppressing seawater intrusion. The three most relevant determinants to chlorine level, which represented the strength of seawater intrusion, were determined using Pearson correlation analysis as being the daily average discharge, daily maximum tidal range, and daily minimum tidal level. Considering the lower requirement of sample data and the ability to handle high-dimensional data, the random forest algorithm was used to construct a seawater intrusion suppression model and was combined with a genetic algorithm. The critical river discharge for suppressing estuary seawater intrusion determined using this model. The critical river discharge was found to gradually increase with the maximum tidal range, which in three different tide scenarios was 487 m 3 /s, 493 m 3 /s, and 531 m 3 /s. The practicable seawater intrusion suppression scheme was built up with three phases to make it easier to regulate upstream reservoirs. In the scheme, the initial reading of river discharge was 490 m 3 /s, and it rose to 650 m 3 /s over six days, from four days before the high tide's arrival to two days following it, and before falling down to 490 m 3 /s at the end. Verified with the 16 seawater intrusion events in the five dry years, this scheme could eliminate 75% of the seawater intrusion risk and effectively reduce the chlorine level for the remaining 25% of events.

High-quality postoperative rehabilitation is the focus of most patients currently, and hypertrophic scar (HS) greatly reduces the patient's quality of life due to the symptom of severe itching. Traditional HS therapies are associated with limitations, such as poor drug delivery efficiency for topical administration and severe pain for intralesional injection. In this study, we developed a personalized microneedle patch system for minimally invasive and effective treatment of HSs. The microneedle patches were personalized designed and fabricated with 3D printing in order to adapt to individual HS. The optimized microneedle patches were composed of dissolving gelatin and starch and loaded with losartan. Losartan, as a drug class of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) and downregulate the gene expression related to scar formation in HSFs. The dissolving microneedle patches exhibited strong mechanical strength, effectively penetrated the stratum corneum of HSs and increased the losartan delivery into HSs upon dissolution of gelatin and starch. Together, the losartan-loaded microneedle patches effectively inhibited the formation of HSs in rabbit ears with reduced scar elevation index (SEI), and decreased fibrosis and collagen deposition in HSs. This personalized microneedle patch system increases the drug delivery efficiency into HSs with minimal invasion, and opens a new window for personalized management and treatment of skin diseases.

Bias field is one of the main artifacts that degrade the quality of magnetic resonance images. It introduces intensity inhomogeneity and affects image analysis such as segmentation. In this work, we proposed a deep learning approach to jointly estimate bias field and reconstruct uniform image. By modeling the quality degradation process as the product of a spatially varying field and a uniform image, the network was trained on 800 images with true bias fields from 12 healthy subjects. A network structure of bias field estimation and uniform image reconstruction was designed to compensate for the intensity loss. To further evaluate the benefit of bias field correction, a quantitative analysis was made on image segmentation. Experimental results show that the proposed BFCNet improves the image uniformity by 8.3% and 10.1%, the segmentation accuracy by 4.1% and 6.8% on white and grey matter in T2-weighted brain images. Moreover, BFCNet outperforms the state-of-the-art traditional methods and deep learning methods on estimating bias field and preserving image structure, and BFCNet is robust to different levels of bias field and noise., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most promising analytical chemistry techniques, although it takes a long time to acquire data. Non-uniform sampling (NUS) is an effective way to reduce the sampling time, but faithful reconstruction methods are needed. The low rank Hankel matrix (LRHM) approach uses the low rank constraint to obtain high-quality spectra from NUS signals, but the reconstruction has a considerable time overhead. In this work, we propose a sliding window based low rank Hankel matrix approach to speed up the spectra reconstruction from NUS signals. Using the sliding window to construct a matrix can effectively reduce the size of the Hankel matrix for faster reconstructions. To further decrease the reconstruction time, parallel computation is applied in the proposed approach. The experiments on both synthetic data and realistic data demonstrate that the reconstruction speed of the proposed method is the fastest among compared methods without sacrificing the quality of spectra., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, impedes serotonin and dopamine receptor systems. Meanwhile, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is known to participate in regulating osteoblast functions. Consequently, the current study aimed to investigate whether the influences of Risperidone on osteoblast functions are associated with TNF-α and special AT-rich sequence-binding protein (SATB2)., Methods: Firstly, we searched the DGIdb, MEM and GeneCards databases to identify the critical factors involved in the effects of Risperidone on osteoblasts, as well as their interactions. Afterwards, osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 was transduced with lentivirus carrying si-TNF-α, si-SATB2 or both and subsequently treated with Risperidone. Various abilities including differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis of osteoblasts were examined after different treatments. Finally, animal experiments were performed with Risperidone alone or together with lentivirus to verify the function of Risperidone in vivo and the mechanism., Results: It was found that Risperidone might promote TNF-α expression, thereby inhibiting the expression of SATB2 to affect the autophagy and apoptosis in osteoblasts. Furthermore, as shown by our experimental findings, Risperidone treatment inhibited the differentiation and autophagy, and promoted the apoptosis of osteoblasts, as evidenced by elevated levels of OPG, p62, cleaved PARP1, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9, and reduced levels of LC3 II/I, Beclin1, collagen I, and RANKL. In addition, Risperidone was also found to elevate the expression of TNF-α to down-regulate SATB2, thereby inhibiting the differentiation and autophagy and enhancing the apoptosis of osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo., Conclusions: Collectively, our findings indicated that Risperidone affects the differentiation of osteoblasts by inhibiting autophagy and enhancing apoptosis via TNF-α-mediated down-regulation of SATB2., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: The clinical TNM staging system does not differ between the 7 th and 8 th editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual. A more practical TNM staging system for patients with stage I-III cutaneous melanoma are needed., Methods: Data were accessed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) open database. We divided the patients into 32 groups based on the T and N categories. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves and treatment guidelines were used to proposed a new TNM staging system. Cox proportional hazards model and 1000-person-years were used to verify accuracy., Results: This retrospective study included 68 861 patients from 2010 to 2015. The new proposed staging system was as follows: stage IA, T1aN0M0; stage IB, T1b/T2aN0M0; stage IIA, T3-4aN0M0 and T2bN0M0; stage IIB, T1-4aN1-2M0 and T3-4bN0M0; and stage III, T1-4aN3M0 and T1-4bN1-3M0. Hazard ratios for the new stages IB, IIA, IIB, and III, with stage IA as reference, were 4.311 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.217-5.778), 8.993 (95% CI: 6.637-12.186), 13.179 (95% CI: 9.435-18.407), and 20.693 (95% CI: 13.655-31.356), respectively (all p-values < 0.001). Cancer-specific mortality rates per 1000-person-years were 0.812 (95% CI: 0.674-0.978), 6.612 (95% CI: 5.936-7.364), 22.228 (95% CI: 20.128-24.547), 50.863 (95% CI: 47.472-54.496) and 120.318 (95% CI: 112.596-128.570) for stages IA, IB, IIA, IIB and III, respectively., Conclusion: We developed a more practical and prognosis-relevant staging system than that of the 8 th edition AJCC manual for patients with stage I-III cutaneous melanoma. Treatments using this new model would improve the quality of life and survival rates of patients with melanoma., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Hu, Liu, Chen, Huang, Zeng, Wei, Zhang, Zhou, Chen, Wu and Guo.)

To address the problems of uneven distribution and low coverage of wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes in random deployment, a node coverage optimization strategy with an improved COOT bird algorithm (COOTCLCO) is proposed. Firstly, the chaotic tent map is used to initialize the population, increase the diversity of the population, and lay the foundation for the global search for the optimal solutions. Secondly, the Lévy flight strategy is used to perturb the individual positions to improve the search range of the population. Thirdly, Cauchy mutation and an opposition-based learning strategy are fused to perturb the optimal solutions to generate new solutions and enhance the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum. Finally, the COOTCLCO algorithm is applied to WSN coverage optimization problems. Simulation results show that COOTCLCO has a faster convergence speed and better search accuracy than several other typical algorithms on 23 benchmark test functions; meanwhile, the coverage rate of the COOTCLCO algorithm is increased by 9.654%, 13.888%, 6.188%, 5.39%, 1.31%, and 2.012% compared to particle swarm optimization (PSO), butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), Harris hawks optimization (HHO), and bald eagle search (BES), respectively. This means that in terms of coverage optimization effect, COOTCLCO can obtain a higher coverage rate compared to these algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that COOTCLCO can effectively improve the coverage rate of sensor nodes and improve the distribution of nodes in WSN coverage optimization problems.

Objective: To investigate the differences in uric acid (UA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and free prostatic-specific antigen (fPSA)/total prostatic-specific antigen (tPSA) (F/T) between patients with and without prostate cancer (PCa) in order to discover the value of the three indicators in improving PCa diagnostic accuracy., Methods: Patients with pathologically diagnosed PCa (PCa group, n = 25), patients with other benign prostate diseases (benign group, n = 25), and men who underwent normal physical examination (control group, n = 25) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between October 2020 and January 2021 were included. The serum UA, IL-6, and F/T levels of participants in the three groups were measured, and the measured data were statistically analyzed., Results: There were statistically significant differences in IL-6 and F/T among the three groups (all P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences in UA ( P > 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for the three indicators was, respectively, as follows: PCa group-benign group 0.5416, 0.6776, and 0.6832; PCa group-control group 0.5432, 0.9536, and 0.9887; and benign group-control group 0.5000, 0.8784, and 0.9456. Logistic regression analysis indicated that IL-6 and F/T were independent predictors of PCa, with AUCs of 0.6776 and 0.6832, respectively, and a combined accuracy of 72.0%., Conclusion: These results suggest that IL-6 and F/T have a good detection effect for PCa screening. Compared with the detection of F/T alone, the combined detection of IL-6 and F/T can improve the diagnosis rate of PCa to a certain extent, providing effective guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients. The value of UA needs to be further studied, and its feasibility in the diagnosis of PCa needs to be further explored., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Qionghua Tang et al.)

Background: In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and disease progression and prognosis of patients with COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the information of 1,751 patients with COVID-19 from Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses as well as Logistics regression analyses, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the association between LDH levels and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Results: LDH was an independent risk factor for in-hospital death no matter it was taken as classified variable and continuous variable (all P = 0.001) but not for severe or critical illness status. The Kaplan-Meier curves for LDH level showed that an elevated level of LDH was associated with in-hospital death. Conclusions: In patients with COVID-19, the increased LDH level is associated with a higher risk of negative clinical prognosis and higher mortality. This will provide a reference for clinicians and researchers to understand, diagnose, and treat patients with COVID-19. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify these findings., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Huang, Guo, Chen, Wu, Zhang, Liu, Li, Li, Xiong, Wu, Li, Luo, Yuan and Wu.)

Decellularized meniscal extracellular matrix (ECM) material holds great potential for meniscus repair and regeneration. Particularly, injectable ECM hydrogel is highly desirable for the minimally invasive treatment of irregularly shaped defects. Although regional-specific variations of the meniscus are well documented, no ECM hydrogel has been reported to simulate zonally specific microenvironments of the native meniscus. To fill the gap, different (outer, middle, and inner) zones of porcine menisci were separately decellularized. Then the regionally decellularized meniscal ECMs were solubilized by pepsin digestion, neutralized, and then form injectable hydrogels. The hydrogels were characterized in gelation behaviors and mechanical properties and seeded with bovine fibrochondrocytes to evaluate the regionally biochemical effects on the cell-matrix interactions. Our results showed that the decellularized inner meniscal ECM (IM) contained the greatest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and the least collagen content compared with the decellularized outer meniscal ECM (OM) and middle meniscal ECM (MM). The IM hydrogel showed lower compressive strength than the OM hydrogel. When encapsulated with fibrochondrocytes, the IM hydrogel accumulated more GAG, contracted to a greater extent and reached higher compressive strength than that of the OM hydrogel at 28 days. Our findings demonstrate that the regionally specific meniscal ECMs present biochemical variation and show various effects on the cell behaviors, thus providing information on how meniscal ECM hydrogels may be utilized to reconstruct the microenvironments of the native meniscus., (© 2021 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic. We hypothesized that biochemical indicators of liver function may help determine the prognosis of COVID-19 patients., Methods: Patient information was collected from the Wuhan-Leishenshan hospital. Logistic and Cox regression analyses, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Curve fitting were used to determine the correlation between elevated levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and AST/ALT and severity of disease/mortality., Results: Logistic and Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that COVID-19 progression correlated with elevated levels of AST and AST/ALT. The odds ratios for elevated levels of AST and AST/ALT in patients were 0.818 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.274-2.441, P = 0.035) and 2.055 (95% CI: 1.269-3.327, P = 0.003), respectively; the hazard ratios were 4.195 (95% CI: 1.219-14.422, P = 0.023) and 3.348 (95% CI: 1.57-7.139, P = 0.002), respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with elevated AST and AST/ALT levels had a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19., Conclusion: Elevated AST and AST/ALT levels correlated with severity of COVID-19 and mortality. Liver function tests may help clinicians in determining the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for COVID-19., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Liu, Hu, Li, Xia, Gong, Li, Wu, Yi, Huang, Wu, Guo and Wu.)

Aims: To explore the role of the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P)/Receptor2 (S1PR2) pathway in thrombin-induced hyperpermeability (TIP) and to test whether bivalirudin can reverse TIP via the S1P-S1PRs pathway. Methods and Results: Using western blot, we demonstrated that Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that were cultured with 2 U/ml thrombin showed significantly increased S1PR2 expression while S1PR1and three kept unchanged. Such increment was attenuated by JTE-013 pretreatment and by presence of bivalirudin. Exposure of 2 U/ml of thrombin brought a higher level of S1P both intracellularly and extracellularly within the HUVECs by using ELISA detecting. Thrombin induced S1P and S1PR2 increment was restored by usage of PF543 and bivalirudin. Bivalirudin alone did not influenced the level of S1P and S1PR1,2, and S1PR3 compare to control group. As a surrogate of cytoskeleton morphology, phalloidin staining and immunofluorescence imaging were used. Blurry cell edges and intercellular vacuoles or spaces were observed along thrombin-exposed HUVECs. Presence of JTE-013 and bivalirudin attenuated such thrombin-induced permeability morphological change and presence of heparin failed to show the protective effect. Transwell chamber assay and probe assay were used to measure and compare endothelial permeability in vitro . An increased TIP was observed in HUVECs cultured with thrombin, and coculture with bivalirudin, but not heparin, alleviated this increase. JTE-013 treatment yielded to similar TIP alleviating effect. In vivo , an Evans blue assay was used to test subcutaneous and organ microvascular permeability after the treatment of saline only, thrombin + saline, thrombin + bivalirudin, thrombin + heparin or thrombin + JTE-013. Increased subcutaneous and organ tissue permeability after thrombin treatment was observed in thrombin + saline and thrombin + heparin groups while treatment of bivalirudin and JTE-013 absent this effect. Conclusion: S1P/S1PR2 mediates TIP by impairing vascular endothelial barrier function. Unlike heparin, bivalirudin effectively blocked TIP by inhibiting the thrombin-induced S1P increment and S1PR2 expression, suggesting the novel endothelial protective effect of bivalirudin under pathological procoagulant circumstance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Ye, Zhang, Huang, Li, Cao, Dai, Huang, Tian, Li and Han.)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare and lethal cancer. There are currently controversies regarding its staging. This study aimed to verify the significance of the patient's age in the prognosis of MTC and propose its addition to the current staging system. Data on cancer-specific survival (CSS) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2015 were used. X-Tile, nomograms, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and log-rank tests were used to evaluate mortality rates to create a new staging system. A total of 849 patients were included. Patients were divided into three categories based on their ages at diagnosis: ≤41 years, n = 224 (26.4%); 42-71 years, n = 516 (60.8%); and ≥72 years, n = 109 (12.8%). Independent factors for survival in the multivariate analysis included age (42-71 years, hazard ratio [HR], 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-7.42; ≥72 years, HR, 8.71, 95% CI, 2.88-26.34), T stage (T2, HR, 3.60, 95% CI, 1.31-9.88), and M stage (M1, HR, 8.43, 95% CI, 4.40-16.16), with P<0.05. The Harrell's concordance index for tumor node metastasis (TNM) nomogram and TNM-age nomogram was 0.904 and 0.908, respectively. The areas under the curve (AUCs) for a 3-year CSS were 0.88 and 0.873, respectively. The corresponding AUCs for a 5-year CSS were 0.892 and 0.888, respectively. A new TNM-age staging system based on cancer-specific mortality rate analysis is proposed. This system provides a more accurate risk stratification and ensures more rational treatment measures for patients with stage IV MTC., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2021.)

Purpose: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an uncommon endocrine disease, and surgery is considered the only potential cure. PC does not have a mature staging system because of the small number of PC patients. Our aim is to further investigate the prognostic factors associated with PC and explore the optimal extent of resection for PC patients., Methods: Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of relevant factors on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed using the log-rank test. The mortality rates per 1,000 person-years were calculated to evaluate patients' follow-up data. We also performed subgroup analysis based on the extent of resection., Results: The extent of resection was related to both CSS and OS, whereas race and extent of disease had a significant positive correlation with OS (all P < 0.05). Patients who underwent parathyroidectomy had remarkably better CSS and OS than patients who did not undergo definitive treatment., Conclusion: The extent of resection is related to CSS and OS in patients with PC. No significant difference in prognosis was observed between patients who underwent parathyroidectomy and those who underwent en bloc resection, which may provide useful parameters for the treatment of PC., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Ling Zhou et al.)

Abstract: It has been reported that some male breast cancer patients may refuse the recommended surgery, but the incidence rate in the United States is not clear. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence, trends, risk factors, and eventual survival outcomes associated with the rejection of such cancer-directed surgery.We collected data on 5860 patients with male breast cancer (MBC) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, including 50 patients refusing surgery as recommended. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to identify the effects of refusing surgery on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). The association between acceptance or rejection of surgery and mortality were estimated by nested Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for age, race, clinical characteristics, and radiation.Of the 5860 patients identified, 50 (0.9%) refused surgery. Old age (≥65: hazard ratio [HR]: 3.056, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.738-5.374, P < .0001), higher AJCC stage (III: HR: 3.283, 95% CI: 2.134-5.050, P < .0001, IV: HR: 14.237, 95% CI: 8.367-24.226, P < .0001), progesterone receptor status (negative: HR: 1.633, 95% CI: 1.007-2.648, P = .047) were considered risk factors. Compared with the surgery group, the refusal group was associated with a poorer prognosis in both OS and CSS (χ2 = 94.81, P < .001, χ2 = 140.4, P < .001). Moreover, significant differences were also observed in OS and CSS among 1:3 matched groups (P = .0002, P < .001).Compared with the patients undergoing surgery, the patients who refused the cancer-directed surgery had poor prognosis in the total survival period, particularly in stage II and III. The survival benefit for undergoing surgery remained even after adjustment, which indicates the importance of surgical treatment before an advanced stage for male breast cancer patients., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: Coronavirus disease- (COVID-19-) related renal function abnormality is associated with poor prognosis. However, the clinical significance of dynamic changes in renal function indicators has not been studied, and no studies have evaluated the renal function in COVID-19 patients by cystatin C. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of abnormal renal function on admission on prognosis of COVID-19 patients and the prognostic value of various renal function indicators. Methods: A total of 1,764 COVID-19 patients without a history of chronic kidney disease were categorized into two groups, an elevated cystatin C group and a normal cystatin C group, based on the results of renal function tests on admission. The clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups, and logistic or Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between elevated cystatin C/serum creatinine levels and disease severity and survival. We also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Kaplan-Meier survival, and curve fitting analyses. Results: When adjusted for several significant clinical variables, elevated cystatin C levels on admission were independent predictors of disease severity ( p < 0.001), and elevated creatinine levels were independent predictors of death ( p = 0.020). Additionally, the ROC curve analysis shows that elevated cystatin C levels [area under the curve (AUC): 0.656] have a better predictive value for disease severity than elevated creatinine levels (AUC: 0.540). The survival curves of patients with elevated cystatin C/creatinine levels show a sharper decline than those of patients with normal cystatin C/creatinine levels ( p < 0.001). The curve fitting analysis revealed that, compared to the flat curves of cystatin C and creatinine levels for patients who survived, the curves for patients who died kept rising, and cystatin C levels rose above the normal range earlier than creatinine. Conclusions: Elevated cystatin C, which occurs earlier than serum creatinine, is useful for the early detection of renal function abnormality and might have better predictive value for disease severity in COVID-19 patients, while elevated serum creatinine may have a better predictive value for risks of death., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Chen, Li, Liu, Chen, Zhou, Hu, Li, Long, Huang, Huang, Wang, Li, Zeng, Guo and Wu.)

In the present research, an iterative numerical model is proposed to investigate the nanosecond pulsed laser ablation (PLA) mechanism of the DD6 single-crystal superalloy. In the numerical model, two subroutines are introduced to trace the moving boundary and update the thermal load. The iteration between the main governing equation and the two subroutines enables the PLA numerical simulation to consider material moving front and effect of comprehensive heat dissipation including thermal convection and radiation. The basic experimental results exhibit a good agreement with simulation results which indicates the good accuracy of the simulation model. Therefore, the PLA mechanism of the DD6 single-crystal superalloy is studied base on the improved iterative model, which indicates the evolution of temperature field, ablation zone morphology, formation of recast layer and heat-affected zone are closely related with time. The temperature of the laser spot center increases sharply at the first stage, reaching a maximum value of 5252 K, and then decreases gradually. The thermal dissipation postpones the ablation rate but promotes the formation of a recast layer and heat-affected zone. Due to the evaporation and thermal dissipation, the depth of the molten layer exhibits two rapid increasing stages. The comprehensive analysis of the PLA processing by the improved simulation model helps the understanding of the intrinsic mechanism, which would contribute to the further optimizing parameters of PLA fabrication of the DD6 single-crystal superalloy.

Background: Six months since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the pandemic continues to grow worldwide, although the outbreak in Wuhan, the worst-hit area, has been controlled. Thus, based on the clinical experience in Wuhan, we hypothesized that there is a relationship between the patient's CO 2 levels and prognosis. Methods: COVID-19 patients' information was retrospectively collected from medical records at the Leishenshan Hospital, Wuhan. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlation between decreased CO 2 levels and disease severity or mortality risk. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis was coupled with the log-rank test to understand COVID-19 progression in patients with decreased CO 2 levels. Curve fitting was used to confirm the correlation between computed tomography scores and CO 2 levels. Results: Cox regression analysis showed that the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients correlated with decreased CO 2 levels. The adjusted hazard ratios for decreased CO 2 levels in COVID-19 patients were 8.710 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.773-27.365, P < 0.001], and 4.754 (95% CI: 1.380-16.370, P = 0.013). The adjusted odds ratio was 0.950 (95% CI: 0.431-2.094, P = 0.900). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with decreased CO 2 levels had a higher risk of mortality. Conclusions: Decreased CO 2 levels increased the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients, which might be caused by hyperventilation during mechanical ventilation. This finding provides important insights for clinical treatment recommendations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Hu, Li, Gao, Wang, Li, Chen, Huang, Huang, Li, Long, Liu, Guo and Wu.)

Evidence concerning short-term acute association between air pollutants and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases among children in a multi-city setting was quite limited. We conducted a time-series analysis to evaluate the association of six common air pollutants with hospital admissions for respiratory diseases among children aged 0-14 years in 4 cities (Guangzhou, Shanghai, Wuhan and Xining), China during 2013-2018. We used generalized additive models incorporating penalized smoothing splines and random-effect meta-analysis to calculate city-specific and pooled estimates, respectively. The exposure-response relationship curves were fitted using the cubic spline regression. Subgroup analyses by gender, age, season and disease subtype were also performed. A total of 183,036 respiratory diseases hospitalizations were recorded during the study period, and 94.1% of the cases were acute respiratory infections. Overall, we observed that increased levels of air pollutants except O 3 , were significantly associated with increased hospital admissions for respiratory disease. Each 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 , SO 2 and NO 2 at lag 07, PM 10 at lag 03 and per 1 mg/m 3 increase in CO at lag 01 corresponded to increments of 1.19%, 3.58%, 2.23%, 0.51% and 6.10% in total hospitalizations, respectively. Generally, exposure-response relationships of PM 2.5 and SO 2 in Guangzhou, SO 2 , NO 2 and CO in Wuhan, as well as SO 2 and NO 2 in Xining with respiratory disease hospitalizations were also found. Moreover, the adverse effects of these pollutants apart from PM 2.5 in certain cities remained significant even at exposure levels below the current Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) Grade II. Children aged 4-14 years appeared to be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of PM 2.5 , SO 2 and NO 2 . Furthermore, with the exception of O 3 , the associations were stronger in cold season than in warm season. Short-term exposure to PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 and CO were associated, in dose-responsive manners, with increased risks of hospitalizations for childhood respiratory diseases, and adverse effects of air pollutants except PM 2.5 held even at exposure levels below the current CAAQS Grade II in certain cities., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The newest (8th) edition of the TNM staging system published in 2017. In this edition, some significant changes happened from the previous edition. As a result, down-staging appeared in nearly one third of DTC patients. However, we don't know whether the new system predicts the survival of FVPTC patients accurately. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly evaluate the correlation between the new system and survival prediction in terms of FVPTC., Methods: We enrolled 17,662 FVPTC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Factors associated with survival were identified by Cox regression analyses. The mortality rates per 1,000 person-years were calculated and compared. Cox proportional hazards regression quantified the risk of survival, and survival curves were produced by Kaplan-Meier analyses using log-rank tests., Results: Age at diagnosis, race, T-stage at diagnosis, distant metastasis, radiation therapy, and surgery were independent factors associated with cancer-specific survival. Patients aged <55 years with stage T4N1M0 FVPTC had higher mortality rates per 1,000 person-years than patients in the same stage according to the 8th AJCC System. Cox proportional hazards regression reflected that patients aged <55 years with stage T1-3, any N, M0 or T4N0M0 disease (p=0.001) and patients aged ≥55 years with T1-2N0M0 disease (p=0.004) had significantly lower risks of cancer-specific survival (CSS) than those aged <55 years with stage T4N1M0 disease. The CSS curve of patients aged <55 years with stage T4N1M0 disease showed a decline on comparison with others belonging to stage I (p<0.001); and the curve was even not different from patients in stage II and stage III (p>0.05)., Conclusion: Patients aged <55 years with stage T4N1M0 FVPTC had worse survival than patients in stage I; no difference was seen on comparison with stage II patients. We recommend this group of patients be upstaged in the 8th AJCC system., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor declared a past co-authorship with one the authors ZL., (Copyright © 2020 Long, Hu, Zhou, Huang, Zeng, Chen, Huang, Li, Wang, Zhou, Huang, Wei, Zhang, Liu and Guo.)

Background: Although many studies have evaluated the association between breast cancer (BC) and thyroid cancer (TC), this association has not been completely studied. In this study, we focused on the effect of BC as the first or second primary cancer on survival among women with TC. We present the following article in accordance with the STROBE reporting checklist., Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 134,785 women with BC and TC between 1974 and 2016. The patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, TC only (TC group, n=128,888), BC after TC (TC2BC group, n=3,000), and BC before TC (BC2TC group, n=2,897). The curves for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were evaluated, and Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of BC as the first and second primary cancer on the CSS and OS of TC patients., Results: The CSS rates in the TC, TC2BC, and BC2TC groups were 96.96%, 98.70%, and 96.70%, respectively, and the OS rates were 91.17%, 77.13%, and 78.63%, respectively. Using the TC group as a reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for the CSS of the TC2BC and BC2TC groups were 0.333 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.243-0.456, P<0.001] and 1.299 (95% CI: 1.062-1.589, P=0.011), respectively. The corresponding HRs for the OS were 1.544 (95% CI: 1.428-1.668, P<0.001) and 3.429 (95% CI: 3.158-3.724, P<0.001), respectively., Conclusions: Among the female patients with TC, BC, as the second primary cancer, has a significant protective effect on the CSS of TC patients; however, when BC is the first primary cancer, it is a risk factor. Besides, BC is a risk factor for the OS of TC patients, especially for patients who develop TC after BC., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr-20-2243). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2020 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Background: The incidence of thyroid cancer among young adults is increasing; however, the clinical challenges specific to this population, such as diagnosis, reduced healthcare access, and inconsistent care, have received limited attention. Here, we conducted a subgroup analysis on a series of relatively young patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), focusing on those with distant metastases at stage II, to obtain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing survival., Methods: Information on <45- or <55-year-old patients at any T/N stage with distant metastasis (M1) was extracted from the SEER database according to the staging system in the 6 th and 8 th American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) editions, respectively. Patient mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests., Results: Both cancer-specific and all-cause mortality rates per 1,000 person-years for patients ≥35 years old significantly differed from those of patients <35 years old. DTC-specific survival curves also significantly differed between these age groups, according to both the AJCC 6.0 and 8.0-based analyses (P=0.0017 and P<0.001, respectively), as did patient survival curves (P=0.0003, P<0.001, respectively). The multivariate Cox regression model also revealed that poor OS was strongly predicted by race (P<0.001) in the analysis based on the criteria of 8 th AJCC staging system., Conclusions: Age is a risk factor for disease-specific and overall survival (OS) in young patients with stage II DTC, and young male patients exhibited poorer survival than females. Race also emerged as a potential risk factor for young patients in stage II. These findings offer guidance for improving the older and newer versions of the AJCC staging system., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/gs-20-46). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2020 Gland Surgery. All rights reserved.)

Magnetic resonance imaging has been widely applied in clinical diagnosis. However, it is limited by its long data acquisition time. Although the imaging can be accelerated by sparse sampling and parallel imaging, achieving promising reconstructed images with a fast computation speed remains a challenge. Recently, deep learning methods have attracted a lot of attention for encouraging reconstruction results, but they are lack of proper interpretability for neural networks. In this work, in order to enable high-quality image reconstruction for the parallel magnetic resonance imaging, we design the network structure from the perspective of sparse iterative reconstruction and enhance it with the residual structure. Experimental results on a public knee dataset indicate that, as compared with the state-of-the-art deep learning-based and optimization-based methods, the proposed network achieves lower error in reconstruction and is more robust under different samplings., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: We aimed to investigate clinical symptoms and epidemiologic features of emergency surgery patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). More than 5 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with COVID-19 since December 2019 to the time of this publication. Thousands of emergency operations have been carried out since December 2019. To date, however, no literature has focused on the clinical symptoms of emergency surgery patients with COVID-19 pneumonia., Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 164 emergency surgery patients with or without COVID-19 pneumonia in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, China, from January 1, 2020, to January 20, 2020. For this report, the final date of follow-up was February 5, 2020. The associated clinical, laboratory, epidemiologic, demographic, radiologic, and outcome data were collected and analyzed., Results: Of the 164 emergency surgery patients, the median age was 41 years (interquartile range, 29-89), and 136 (82.9%) were women. The associated main clinical symptom included fever (93 [56.7%])，dry cough (56 [34.2%]), fatigue (86 [52.4%]), nausea (78 [47.6%]), and dizziness (77 [47%]). Of 54 emergency surgery patients infected with COVID-19, the median age was 46 years (interquartile range: 25-89), and 45 (83.3%) were women. The pathologic clinical symptoms investigated included fever (54 [100%]), fatigue (48 [88.9%]), nausea (52 [96.3%]), dizziness (46 [85.2%]), and dry cough (44 [81.5%]). The lymphopenia (0.37 × 10 9 /L [interquartile range: 0.23-0.65]) and increased C-reactive protein (24.7 × 10 9 /L [interquartile range: 13.57-38]) were observed. The preoperative fever and postoperative fever in emergency surgery patients with or without COVID-19 pneumonia were analyzed in this study. Of 54 emergency surgery patients with COVID-19, 15 (27.8%) showed preoperative fever, 54 (100%) had postoperative fever. Of 110 emergency surgery patients without COVID-19, 5 (4.5%) had preoperative fever, 31 (28.2%) patients had postoperative fever. In emergency surgery patients with COVID-19, the fever lasted more than 7 days, markedly exceeded the length of time non-COVID-19 patients experienced fever (approximately 3 days). Furthermore, 43 health care workers were exposed to emergency surgery patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and were infected with COVID-19 pneumonia., Conclusion: In our study, the clinical symptoms of emergency surgery patients infected with COVID-19 displayed marked differences from those reporting common COVID-19 pneumonia. In addition, the health care workers were suspected to have been exposed to a great risk when caring for emergency surgery patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Management guidelines of emergency surgery patients are described in in this report., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: In this study, we analyzed the effects of histology subtypes, lymph node N-stages, and the presence of extrathyroidal extensions on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer., Materials and Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the correlations between clinicopathological factors and CSS/OS. The combined effects of these factors on CSS and OS were then analyzed to determine the relative excess risk, attributable proportion, and synergy index. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the mortality rate., Results: A total of 86033 cases were included in the analysis. Histology subtype, N-stage, and extrathyroidal extension were all found to be risk factors for CSS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.4-2.3, p < 0.001; HR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6-2.3, p < 0.001; HR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.9, p = 0.035, respectively). The risk factors for OS were histology subtype and N-stage (HR = 1.3, 95% CI; 1.2-1.5, p < 0.001; HR = 1. 4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.5, p < 0.001, respectively) but not extrathyroidal extension (HR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9-1.3, p = 0.228). Furthermore, histology subtype and N-stage, histology subtype and extrathyroidal extension, and N stage and extrathyroidal extension (relative excess risk, attributable proportion, and synergy index: 48.8, 0.9, 7.6; 50.2, 0.7, 3.9; 7.0, 0.3, 1.6; respectively) were found to have significant synergistic effects., Conclusion: Patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and extrathyroidal extension or lymph node metastasis are at a higher risk of mortality. Histology subtype, N-stage, and extrathyroidal extension appear to have synergistic effects on the increased risk of poor CSS in patients. This result can in the further development of treatment guidelines to improve the outcome of FTC patients., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: An outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread quickly worldwide. However, the risk factors associated with COVID-19-related mortality remain controversial. Methods: A total of 245 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from two centers were analyzed. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and the Mann-Whitney U -tests were used to compare the clinical characteristics between the survivors and non-survivors. To explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death, univariable and multivariable cox regression analyses were used. Results: Of the 245 patients included in this study, 23 (9.4%) died in the hospital. The multivariate regression analysis showed increased odds of in-hospital deaths associated with age, D-dimer levels >1,000 ng/L, platelet count <125, and higher serum creatinine levels. Conclusions: We identified risk factors that show significant association with mortality in adult COVID-19 patients, and our findings provide valuable references for clinicians to identify high-risk patients with COVID-19 at an early stage., (Copyright © 2020 Li, Cheng, Zeng, Chen, Tu, Wu, Tong, Wang, Huang, Long, Zhou, Chen, Zhou, Wang, Xu, Deng, Liu and Guo.)

Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is the most common clinical type of thyroid carcinoma. There are rare reports on the synergic effects of the different clinicopathological risk factors on the prognosis of it., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on 86,032 DTC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlation between clinicopathological factors and the prognosis of DTC. Relative excess risk (RERI) of synergic effect, attributable proportion (AP) of synergic effect, and synergy index (SI) were calculated to assess synergic effects. Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests was used to plot the survival curve affected by different risk factors., Results: Histology subtype, lymph node metastasis (LNM) status, and distant metastasis (DM) were independent risk factors for cancer-specific survival (CSS) and all-cause survival (ACS) in the multivariate analysis (all, P<0.001). Patients' age at diagnosis, sex, extrathyroidal extension, and radiation also influenced prognosis (all, P<0.001). The cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM) rates per 1,000 person-years were higher in patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and in those with N1 stage and M1 stage disease. Furthermore, we observed a significant synergic effect between histology subtype and N stage, as well as histology subtype and M stage for the CSM of DTC (RERI =48.806, AP =0.853, SI =7.565; RERI =37.889, AP =0.430, SI =1.771, respectively). However, no synergic effect was observed in the case of the N stage and M stage for the CSM of DTC (RERI =7.928, AP =0.084, SI =1.093)., Conclusions: Patients with histology subtype of FTC and N1 stage, histology subtype of FTC and M1 stage had significant additive synergic effects on DTC prognosis for CSM., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/gs-20-273). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2020 Gland Surgery. All rights reserved.)

Background: The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer has increased in many countries during the past few decades. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of clinicopathological factors, including histologic subtype, T stage, and M stage, on the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)., Methods: We collected data on 86,302 patients with DTC from 2004 to 2013 from the SEER database. We extracted multiple variables from the selected object of study. Demographic characteristics consisted of age at diagnosis, sex, year of diagnosis, and race. Pathological characteristics included T stage, N stage, M stage, multifocality, histologic subtype and extrathyroidal extension. Treatment characteristics included radiation therapy and surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlation between clinicopathological factors and prognosis. The relative excess risk of synergistic effect (RERI), attributable proportion (AP) of synergistic effect, and synergy index (SI) were used to explore the synergistic effect of these factors on prognosis., Results: Histologic subtype, T-stage, and M-stage were found to be risk factors for cancer-specific survival and all-cause survival in multivariate analysis. The cancer-specific mortality (CSM) rates per 1,000 person-years for patients were found to be higher in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) patients and patients with T3-T4, M1 status disease. In addition, CSM and all-cause mortality (ACM) were also associated with age, sex, race, N- stage, extension, radiation treatment, and surgical approach (all, P<0.001). We also found that histologic subtype had a synergistic effect with both T and M status stage on the prognosis (RERI =7.431, AP =0.278, SI =1.407; RERI =37.889, AP =0.430, SI =1.771, respectively). Synergy was also noted between T- stage and M- stage (RERI =134.125, AP =0.537, SI =2.168)., Conclusions: Histologic subtype, T-stage, and M-stage in different combinations were risk factors for poor prognosis in DTC, and had synergistic effects., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr-20-359). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2020 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory cytokine, has been reported to be associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Yet, dynamic changes in IL-6 levels and their prognostic value as an indicator of lung injury in COVID-19 patients have not been fully elucidated., Objective: To validate whether IL-6 levels are associated with disease severity and mortality and to investigate whether dynamic changes in IL-6 levels might be a predictive factor for lung injury in COVID-19 patients., Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 728 adult COVID-19 patients and used data extracted from electronic medical records for analyses., Results: The mortality rate was higher in the elevated IL-6 group than in the normal IL-6 group (0.16 vs 5%). Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression analyses for survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 10.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-99.23; p = 0.042) and disease severity (adjusted odds ratio, 3.56; 95% CI, 2.06-6.19; p < 0.001) revealed similar trends. Curve-fitting analyses indicated that patient computed tomography (CT) scores peaked on days 22 and 24. An initial decline in IL-6 levels on day 16 was followed by resurgence to a peak, nearly in tandem with the CT scores., Conclusion: Increased IL-6 level may be an independent risk factor for disease severity and in-hospital mortality and dynamic IL-6 changes may serve as a potential predictor for lung injury in Chinese COVID-19 patients. These findings may guide future treatment of COVID-19 patients., (Copyright © 2020 Liu, Li, Chen, Gao, Zeng, Chen, Huang, Huang, Long, Li, Guo, Wang and Wu.)

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the clinical courses and outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Methods: This study enrolled 1,880 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Leishenshan Hospital. We collected and analyzed their data, including demographic data, history of comorbidity, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, chest computed tomography (CT) images, treatment options, and survival. Results: The percentages of patients with diabetes among the severe and critical COVID-19 cases were higher than those among the mild or general cases (89.2%, 10.8 vs. 0%, p = 0.001). However, patients with and without diabetes showed no difference in the follow-up period ( p = 0.993). The mortality rate in patients with or without diabetes was 2.9% ( n = 4) and 1.1% ( n = 9), respectively ( p = 0.114). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and the Kaplan-Meier curves did not show any statistically significant differences between patients with and without diabetes (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study results suggested that diabetes had no effect on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients but had a negative association with their clinical courses. These results may be useful for clinicians in the management of diabetic patients with COVID-19., (Copyright © 2020 Liu, Li, Huang, Guo, Gao, Luo, Zeng, Zhang, Yi, Huang, Chen, Yang and Wu.)

Tissue adhesives play a vital role in surgical processes as a substitute for sutures in wound closure. However, several existing tissue adhesives suffer from cell toxicity, weak tissue-adhesive strength, and high cost. In this study, by taking advantage of the fast and specific inverse-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction, a series of bioadhesives were produced by employing copper-free click chemistry pair trans-cyclooctene (TCO) /tetrazine (Tz) in chitosan. The gelation time of the bioadhesives can be optimized to be less than 2 minutes, which meets the need for surgical wound closure in practice. By adding 4-arm polyethylene glycol propionaldehyde (PEG-PALD) as a co-crosslinker, the adhesive strength of the bioadhesives was optimized to be 2.3 times higher than that of the conventional fibrin glue. Moreover, by adjusting the amount of the co-crosslinker, the swelling ratio and pore size of the chitosan bioadhesives can be tuned to fit the need of drug encapsulation and cell seeding. The chitosan bioadhesives possess no significant in vitro cytotoxicity. Using a mice skin incision wound model, we found that the chitosan bioadhesives were able to close the wound faster and promote wound healing process than the fibrin glue. In conclusion, our results support that the innovative click-chemistry based bioadhesives have been developed with improved physical and biological properties for surgical wound closures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The manuscript describes a new group of click chemistry-based chitosan bioadhesives fabricated by reacting copper-free click chemistry pair trans-cyclooctene/tetrazine with co-crosslinker PEG-PALD. The new bioadhesives possess the properties of simple preparation, injectability, fast gelation, a minimal cytotoxicity, strong adhesive strength to tissue, and enhanced wound healing responses. This innovative strategy may draw interests of readers from the field of biomaterials, drug delivery, surgical device, and translational medicine., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy serves as an indispensable tool in chemistry and biology but often suffers from long experimental times. We present a proof-of-concept of the application of deep learning and neural networks for high-quality, reliable, and very fast NMR spectra reconstruction from limited experimental data. We show that the neural network training can be achieved using solely synthetic NMR signals, which lifts the prohibiting demand for a large volume of realistic training data usually required for a deep learning approach., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)