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Treatment options for recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are limited, especially for patients who progress after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. This phase Ib study investigates the efficacy and safety of SCT200, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, combined with paclitaxel or docetaxel in R/M HNSCC patients who have failed both platinum-based chemotherapy and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors. This was a multicenter, open-label study enrolling patients with resistance or intolerance to platinum-based chemotherapy and PD-1 inhibitors. Patients received intravenous SCT200 (6 mg/kg weekly for 12 weeks, followed by 8 mg/kg every two weeks). Paclitaxel (80 mg/m 2 weekly) or docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 every three weeks) was administered according to the patient's prior paclitaxel treatment history. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Thirty patients were included in the efficacy and safety analyses. The ORR was 26.7 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 12.3-45.9). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.1 months (95 % CI: 2.7-5.7), and the median overall survival (OS) was 8.7 months (95 % CI: 5.0-11.9). For patients receiving SCT200 with docetaxel, median PFS was 5.7 months, and OS was 9.5 months. Common adverse events (AEs) included hypomagnesemia, acneiform dermatitis, and rash. No unexpected safety signals were observed. SCT200 in combination with paclitaxel or docetaxel shows promising efficacy in patients with R/M HNSCC following platinum-based chemotherapy and PD-1 inhibitors, warranting further investigation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05552807., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest L.X., W.G., Q.Z. Xinyue Chen and J.Y. are employees of Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, China. The other authors, who are investigators involved in this study, declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to use metabolomics techniques to detect differential metabolites in the plasma of patients with aplastic anemia (AA). We explore important biomarkers and potential pathways in cyclosporine A (CsA) in the treatment of AA., Methods: Plasma samples from five patients with AA before and after treatment and plasma samples from five healthy people were collected and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Multivariate statistical methods were employed to screen for differential compounds, followed by enrichment analysis of the differentially metabolites., Results: The experimental samples showed good stability and reproducibility. A total of 167 differential metabolites, including phospholipids, amino acids, and saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, were identified between AA patients and healthy individuals. Enrichment analysis of differential metabolites revealed the involvement of pathways such as pyrimidine metabolism, galactose metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and forkhead box transcription factors signaling. A total of 26 differential metabolites were identified between AA patients and stable patients after treatment. Enrichment analysis of these metabolites showed the involvement of pathways such as pyrimidine metabolism, linoleic acid/α-linoleic acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and beta-alanine metabolism., Conclusion: Significant differences in metabolites were observed between AA patients and healthy individuals, suggesting that immune-related and energy metabolism pathways may be key targets in AA treatment. CsA intervention in AA may be achieved through the regulation of immune-related metabolic pathways., (© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The effects of dairy sterilization techniques (65 °C/30 min, 72 °C/15 s, 85 °C/15 s, 100 °C/5 min, and 121 °C/5 s) on the epigallocatechin-3-gallate-casein (EGCG-CS) complexes were investigated through the structural and functional characteristics in this work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) detection showed the redshirting of the absorption peak suggested structural changes in the amide I area. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and viscosity measurements proved that treatments above 85 °C broke non-covalent bonds, leading to instability and low viscosity of EGCG-CS. Moreover, the values of surface hydrophobicity, solubility, and sulfhydryl group content appeared the same phenomenon of first rising then falling at higher temperatures, resulting from the CS protein exhibited obvious peptide chain stretch and hydrophobic residue exposure. Notably, the 15-s thermal treatment at 85 °C enhanced the structural stability, foaming, and emulsifying abilities of the EGCG-CS complexes, providing important technology information for industrial applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

In this paper, the interaction between egg white protein (EWP) and giant squid surimi was regulated by changing the ratio of surimi to EWP, and the mechanism of EWP on the gel properties of giant squid surimi was analyzed. The results showed that when the proportion of EWP was 16: 1, the hardness and springiness of surimi gel were the highest, reaching 645.5 g and 1.258, respectively. The gel strength reached 0.634 kg, the cooking yield of surimi gel increased by 27 % and the water loss decreased to less than 10 %. A significant increase in the proportion of fixed water and a decrease in the proportion of free water indicated that mixed surimi improved the "trapping" ability of water molecules, induced the formation of a more ordered "cage"-like structure, and significantly increased the water holding capacity and whiteness of surimi gels., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Rationale: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is a powerful method for identifying viruses via nucleic acid detection. The data processing method is critical in recognizing nucleic acid obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS. Therefore, new development of data algorithm is needed for virus identification., Methods: In this work, we developed a new data processing algorithm of MALDI-TOF-MS to identify respiratory viruses and deafness gene mutation sites. The algorithm includes denoising, baseline correcting, peak identification, and extraction features for processing the MS spectrum., Results: Standard nucleic acid and respiratory virus samples were used to evaluate the performances of the newly developed algorithms. The errors of peak detection were found to be less than 200 ppm. Excellent sensitivity (91.67%-100%) and specificity (96.88-100%) were obtained by identifying 305 virus samples in this work, showing excellent performances. Additionally, accurate identification of the mutation sites of deafness genes was also obtained by the presented method., Conclusions: Overall, our data showed that this method is accurate, sensitive, and specific for nucleic acid identification, showing the potential applications for qualitative analysis of respiratory viruses and deafness gene mutation screening., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Ready-to-eat (RTE) abalones, scallops and oysters were prepared through a process of cooking, drying, vacuum packaging, and high-temperature sterilization, and were subjected to accelerated storage. Upon storage, the three RTE shellfishes all showed color deterioration, as indicated by darker color, decreased L* and W* values, and increased a* value. In contrast, the color deterioration of RTE oysters was more pronounced. Meanwhile, oxidation reactions occurred during storage, which were manifested as increased peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value and aldehyde content. Correlation analysis showed that the color indexes (L* and W*) of the three RTE shellfishes were negatively correlated with the contents of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, hydrophilic pyrroles, hydrophobic pyrroles and quinones, suggesting that Maillard/Maillard-like reactions and phenolic oxidation reaction contributed to the color deterioration. The higher contents of reducing sugar, lipids and transition metal ions in RTE oysters make it more prone to non-enzymatic browning reactions, causing faster color deterioration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

To understand flavor formation mechanisms in complex meat-like Maillard systems, effect of lysine on cysteine-xylose reaction to form flavors was studied. GC-MS and GC-O analyses found lysine of 1 times cysteine concentration led to the greatest amount of sulfur-containing meaty compounds while more additional lysine caused more pyrazine compounds. LC-MS analysis showed lysine competed with cysteine to form the early-stage intermediate of Lys-Amadori compounds and accelerated conversion of 2-threityl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids to Cys-Amadori compounds from the cysteine-xylose reaction. Reaction rates based on UV 294 and 420 nm absorbance, browning color, and consumption of cysteine and xylose suggested addition of lysine continuously accelerated the Maillard reaction at intermediate and final stages. Pearson correlation analysis revealed less reaction rates and Lys-Amadori compounds formed could cause more meaty compounds and thereby exposed formation pathways of important aroma compounds. This work can provide guidance for optimizing meat or meat product composition to improve meat flavor., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) is commonly used in food preservation and as a substitute for sulfur dioxide in wine production and to prevent late blowing defects in cheese production. However, HEWL is an egg allergen that can cause severe allergic reactions in allergic individuals after accidental ingestion. Therefore, in order to prevent life-threatening health problems caused by consumer allergies, we developed an extremely specific gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) tolerant to matrix effects for the qualification and quantification of HEWL in food products. First, we prepared a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for HEWL. By optimizing the parameters of the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we performed mAb interaction analysis. We developed GICA strips for the determination of HEWL in foods by combining mAb with colloidal gold. Additionally, considering the complex matrix of foods, standard curves for HEWL-negative milk, cheese, and grape wine samples were established to minimize matrix effects. The calculated limits of detection for the determination of HEWL in milk, cheese, and grape wine were 21.12 ng/mL, 0.89 μg/kg, and 1.61 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery rates of the HEWL-spiked samples were 99.16 %-102.25 %, which were comparable to the HPLC results. Thus, we have successfully developed a rapid, sensitive and specific GICA method for the qualification and quantification of HEWL in milk, cheese and grape wine., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, author-ship, and/or publication of this article. There is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind of product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Silkworm pupae are highly valuable as edible insects due to their nutritional and bioactive properties. Investigating the bioactive compounds within silkworm pupae can provide useful information for advanced processing and utilization of this resource. In this study, untargeted metabolomics analysis was employed to characterize the bioactive compounds present in silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori). A total of 93 bioactive compounds were putatively annotated, including 23 amino acids and their derivatives or metabolites, 21 lipids and their analogues, 17 phenolics, and others. Bioactive compounds in male and female silkworm pupae were analyzed using chemometrics. In the process, 34 bioactive compounds were screened as differential bioactive compounds. Bioinformatics analysis was then conducted on the differential bioactive compounds to gain a deeper understanding of these disparities. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, 34 metabolic pathways related to these differential metabolites were putatively annotated., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Electrospun nanofiber films exhibited significant potential as food freshness indicators (FFI) due to their structural advantages. Herein, a novel electrospinning film based on wheat gluten (WG), gelatin, and anthocyanins was fabricated to detect the freshness of shrimp. Compared with pure WG, an adjusted ratio of the WG to gelatin (W16E9, 16:9) improved physicochemical properties, reducing viscosity from 3.56 to 2.75 Pa.s and increasing conductivity from 1.53 to 2.06 mS/cm. SEM showed a transition from bead-like to fibrous morphology (691.6 nm diameter). The films exhibited improved thermal properties, and increased water solubility from 38 % to 45 %. The anthocyanin-enriched film (W16E9A2) maintained a stable purple-red color at -18, 4 and 25 °C for 14 days. It showed sensitivity to acetic acid and ammonia within 40 s, correlating with TVB-N and TVC in shrimp (R 2  = 0.988 and 0.962), distinguishing freshness within 36 h. This work provided a viable protein-based anthocyanin nanofiber film as FFI., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, fifteen bisphenols and halogenated phenols were simultaneously analyzed in tea for the first time in China. Response surface methodology was used to optimize sample preparation conditions based on QuEChERS. Finally, the limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.0200-0.173 μg/kg and 0.0892-0.770 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were 70 %-120 % for most compounds (except for some compounds at low spiked concentrations) with RSDs <20 %. Then 135 dried tea samples were analyzed. Bisphenol S, A and F were the predominant bisphenol contaminants with detection rates above 80 %, and the median level of bisphenol F (4.90 μg/kg) was even higher than that of bisphenol A (2.74 μg/kg). Bisphenol A (p < 0.001) and bisphenol F (p = 0.007) were significantly higher in black tea than in green tea. Hazard index was estimated and bisphenols in tea may pose potential risks to human health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Mung bean hull polyphenols (MBPs) have the potential to retard starch digestion by altering its multi-scale structures. However, the regulatory mechanism and the key structural characteristics that contribute to digestion resistance remain unclear. In this study, MBPs were non-covalently interacted with wheat starch (WS) under hydrothermal treatments. The digestibility of WS was negatively correlated with the addition of MBPs. The multi-scale structures investigated by 13 C CP/MAS NMR, FT-IR, XRD, SAXS, and SEM unveiled the formation of single helix, short-range ordered, and V-type crystalline structures. Notably, MBPs could also induce the entanglements of glucan chains to form compact aggregates that were non- or weakly-crystalline. Correlation and stepwise regression analyses demonstrated that ordered structures were prerequisites for digestion resistance of WS-MBPs complexes, with tightly packed amorphous aggregates playing a secondary yet significant role. This study provides new insights into the relation between starch multi-scale structures and digestion resistance., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Food allergy is increasingly prevalent and poses notable health risks, which underscores the urgent need to develop reliable and sensitive detection methods for effective identification of food allergens. This study aims to address the limitations of existing methods by developing an immunoassay utilizing bacteriophage/carbon dots (CDs)@silica core-shell nanospheres. Two CDs with different emission wavelengths (513 nm for Green CDs, 645 nm for Red CDs) were synthesized for signal development and amplification. The nanobodies (Nbs) displayed on M13 bacteriophage were employed for the rapid fluorescence quantification of peanut allergen Ara h 3 and macadamia allergen Mac i 1 through magnetic separation. Generally, the method was established with detection limits of 9.5 and 10.2 ng/mL for Ara h 3 and Mac i 1, respectively, demonstrating a sensitivity of 2-5 times greater than traditional methods. Collectively, this multiplexed testing offers a potential analytical strategy based on bacteriophage for effective screening of food allergens., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: Observational studies suggest CSF metabolites may be linked to Parkinson's disease (PD) onset, but causality is uncertain. This study uses a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the causal relationship between CSF metabolites and PD., Methods: Data on 338 CSF metabolites and PD-related traits were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Causal relationships between CSF metabolites and PD were assessed using inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median method, simple mode, and weighted mode. Sensitivity analyses for heterogeneity and pleiotropy were conducted to explore the robustness of the results., Results: Our analysis identified an association between nine CSF metabolites and PD. Notably, significant increases in the risk of PD were observed for Ribitol (IVW, OR: 1.45; 95 % CI: 1.09-1.91; P = 9.04 ×E-03), Lysine (IVW, OR: 1.54; 95 % CI: 1.09-2.17; P = 1.24 ×E-02), and O-sulfo-l-tyrosine (IVW, OR: 1.38; 95 % CI: 1.06-1.79; P = 1.60 ×E-02). Additionally, we found that elevated levels of oxidized cysteinyl-glycine and 1,5-anhydroglucitol were associated with a decreased risk of PD. Furthermore, PD was associated with alterations in 12 CSF metabolites, including significant increases in Acetoacetate (IVW, OR: 1.15; 95 % CI: 1.02-1.30; P = 1.79 ×E-02), S-methylcysteine (IVW, OR: 1.14; 95 % CI: 1.02-1.29; P = 2.62 ×E-02), and N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine (IVW, OR: 1.12; 95 % CI: 1.01-1.23; P = 2.22 ×E-02)., Conclusion: The identified CSF metabolites may serve as potential CSF metabolic biomarkers for screening and preventing PD in clinical practice and could also be considered as candidate molecules for future mechanistic exploration and drug target selection., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) combined with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) on kidney injury and fibrosis in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD)., Methods: A murine UUO model was used to mimic human CKD. The mice received daily intragastric administration of 5-ALA/SFC for 7 and 14 consecutive days. Serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and histological evaluations were performed to assess the renal function parameters underlying 5-ALA/SFC treatment in the UUO model. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and the results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The severity of renal fibrosis was evaluated using Sirius red and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining techniques, while the expression of fibrosis-related genes was examined using western blotting and immunohistochemistry., Results: Our findings demonstrated that 5-ALA/SFC treatment improved UUO-induced renal dysfunction, attenuated tubular damage, and significantly reduced serum Cr and BUN levels as well as the mRNA expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory and programmed cell death-related cytokines in kidney tissues. Furthermore, 5-ALA/SFC suppressed renal tissue fibrosis and downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of fibrosis-related genes. Notably, treatment with 5-ALA/SFC led to the significant upregulation of protein expression levels of PPAR gamma-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), indicating its role in inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis through the activation of the PGC-1α signaling pathway., Conclusion: 5-ALA/SFC exhibits renoprotective effects in UUO-induced CKD by attenuating inflammation, cell death, and suppressing renal fibrosis. These findings suggest a specific renal protective mechanism for 5-ALA/SFC, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for human CKD treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are a major component of human kidney crystals and can induce renal tubular inflammation and damage, ultimately leading to renal calcium deposits and kidney stone formation. Umbelliferone (Umb) is a common coumarin compound. In this study, we used in vivo, in vitro experiments and network pharmacology were performed to assess the therapeutic effects of Umb on kidney stones and investigate its pharmacological mechanism. First, we established cellular and mouse models of calcium oxalate renal calcinosis, and we found that Umb reduces renal crystalline deposits, as well as the inflammation and damage they cause. Subsequently, we screened the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway via network pharmacology and experimentally demonstrated that Umb exerts its protective effects through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Finally, molecular docking techniques and experiments were used to find out that Umb acts directly on PIK3CA to play its role.Our results indicate that Umb alleviates inflammation and injury by attenuating renal autophagy induced by kidney stones via the PI3K/AKT pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have garnered significant attention due to their ability to shape the tumor microenvironment, thereby facilitating tumor progression and metastasis. Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade H member 1 (SERPINH1) is known for its role in the proper folding and secretion of collagen. However, its biological significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. We observed higher levels of SERPINH1 in the conditioned medium (CM) of CAFs compared to normal fibroblasts (NFs) via ELISA assays. To investigate its impact on HCC, we knocked down SERPINH1 in CAFs by shRNA, which led to a notable reduction in HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by CM of CAFs, measured by colony formation and Transwell assays. SERPINH1 also inhibited HCC cell apoptosis, decreased the percentage of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase, and increased the proportion of cells in the S phase, which were detected by flow cytometry. We further performed co-injections of HepG2 cells liver orthotopic transplantation model with either shCtrl-CAFs or shSERPINH1-CAFs. Interestingly, the presence of shCtrl-CAFs significantly enhanced tumor-initiating capacity compared to HepG2 cells alone or when co-injected with shSERPINH1-CAFs. Mechanistically, CAFs-derived SERPINH1 activated the SENP3/SP1 signaling pathways, substantially promoting the growth of HCC cells. Notably, we found that the transcription factor SP1 directly binds to the SQLE promoter and activates its transcription via ChIP-qPCR assay. Inhibition of SP1 expression using the specific inhibitor plicamycin effectively reversed CAFs-derived SERPINH1-induced HCC growth in vivo. Collectively, our findings highlighted the pathological role CAFs-derived SERPINH1 played in driving malignant of HCC cells through the SENP3/SP1/SQLE signaling axis, which offered a explanation of how SERPINH1 promotes HCC progress. Besides, we also demonstrated that targeting SERPINH1 signaling shall be a promising direction to develop effective therapeutical strategies for anti-HCC clinical management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Increasing evidence has emphasized the crucial role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of Vascular dementia (VaD). Di-Dang-Tang (DDT) has the effects of removing blood stasis according to the theory of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), while its effects on ferroptosis and mechanisms remain unclear. To elucidate whether the neuroprotective effect of DDT treatment is associated with ferroptosis mediated by the Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1)/ Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2)/ Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling pathway in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats with the 2-vessel occlusion (2VO) model, we conducted a series of experiments. Nissl staining, HE staining and FJB staining were used to assess the effects of DDT on the degeneration and apoptosis of neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. DDT's suppression on ferroptosis and its protective effects were also evaluated by ELISA and DHE fluorescence. Immunofluorescence assay, immunohistochemistry examination, and western blot analysis further validated DDT's regulatory effects on ferroptosis via PGK1/NRF2/GPX4 pathway. Additionally, we explored the key mediating role of PGK1 in the DDT treatment of VaD by overexpressing PGK1 using AAV-OE-PGK1 plasmid injection. DDT significantly attenuated neuronal apoptosis and degeneration in CA1 region and ameliorated cognitive dysfunctions in VaD rats. DDT inhibited ferroptosis in this brain region, as evidenced by an up-regulation of GPX4 and SLC7A11, and a decline in ferroptosis-related indices. Further, DDT activated protein expression of the PGK1/NRF2/GPX4 pathway, alleviating the lipid peroxidation. Notably, the inhibition of ferroptosis by DDT was achieved by suppression of the PGK1 axis signaling pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objectives: To explore the effects and biological mechanism of apabetalone on periodontal inflammation by regulating glycolysis and metabolites., Methods: A ligature-induced periodontitis model was established in mice and apabetalone was administered on the ligation silk for two weeks. Inflammation levels and alveolar bone absorption were explored using micro-computed tomography and histopathological analysis. To observe the role of apabetalone in macrophage polarization and the macrophage-mediated immune microenvironment, a Luminex assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, a conditioned medium experiment, a Seahorse extracellular flux assay and quantitative metabolomics were used for molecular biological analysis., Results: Apabetalone-treated mice exhibited ameliorated alveolar bone loss and inflammatory infiltration in the periodontium. Furthermore, apabetalone significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed the levels of M1-specific biomarkers both in vivo and in vitro. Apabetalone also promoted the osteogenic potential of mouse periodontal ligament cells in a macrophage-mediated microenvironment. Apabetalone restrained LPS-induced glucose uptake and lactic acid production. Apabetalone inhibited glycolysis by suppressing the transcription and protein expression of hexokinase 2, glucose transporter 1 and phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6- bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative analysis of certain carbohydrates involved in energy metabolism revealed that apabetalone reserved the disruption of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and inhibited glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, apabetalone increased the oxygen consumption rate., Conclusion: Collectively, these findings indicate that apabetalone improves the periodontal immune microenvironment by regulating metabolites in macrophages. Apabetalone exerts anti-inflammatory and osteo-protective effects by replenishing the broken TCA cycle and suppressing glycolysis. Apabetalone is a potential candidate for the treatment of periodontitis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Solid-state nanopores are more suitable than biological nanopores for applications requiring durability and operation across a wider range of external parameters. However, the current solid-state nanopores prepared by various methods have the problem of poor stability, which limits the reproducibility of solid-state nanopore experiments and further wide application in the field of biochemical detection. So far, the problem of poor stability of nanopores has not been effectively solved. Therefore, it is still an urgent problem to explore effective experimental protocols to obtain solid-state nanopores with high stability., Results: In this study, we dynamically monitored the instability of solid-state nanopores by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and examined the effect of instability on the open-pore conductance of solid-state nanopores. In order to obtain long-term stability of solid-state nanopores, we used a chemical modification protocol to cover the surface of the solid-state nanopores with a dense protective film and demonstrated the reproducibility of our protocol through TEM characterization and extensive data statistics. Finally, we used long-lived solid-state nanopores to dynamically monitor the process of DNA synthesis by polymerase for more than 10 h, and calculated that the synthesis rate of polymerase was about 1.33-1.78 kb/min., Significance: Long-term stability of solid-state nanopores are essential for its future development. Our observation of the unstable behavior of solid-state nanopores and the exploration of solutions will promote the wider application of solid-state nanopores in biochemical detection and other fields., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interest., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Emerging evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, play a critical role in the progression of several cancers, including osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, we focused on a specific circRNA, hsa&#95;circ&#95;0002005, derived from the mesoderm-induced early response 1 family member 2 (MIER2) gene. We determined the expression levels of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0002005 in OS samples through the use of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To assess the effect of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0002005, we used lentiviral analysis and performed several assays including transwell migration, cell invasion, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay (EdU), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), proliferation, colony formation, and western blotting. In addition, we investigated the delivery mechanism of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0002005 in nude mice and predicted the interaction network involving hsa&#95;circ&#95;0002005, microRNA (miRNA), and mRNAs through bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that hsa&#95;circ&#95;0002005 is overexpressed in OS tissues and cells and is derived from exons 2 to 7 of the MIER2 gene. Knockdown of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0002005 markedly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasive capabilities of cells, as well as their metastatic potential. We discovered miRNAs that may engage with hsa&#95;circ&#95;0002005. Further mechanistic studies indicated that the suppression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0002005 influenced the expression levels of proteins associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggesting its regulatory role in EMT progression through modulation of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Inflammation is a complex factor in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms (IA), but its specific cellular inflammatory factors remain uncertain. We collected two cohorts and measured the representation of vascular inflammation-related proteins using the Olink CVD II Vascular Inflammation Panel. We subsequently validated our findings using ELISA and RT-qPCR. Our proteomic analysis identified 11 vascular inflammation-related markers that were significantly differentially represented between the IA and control groups. These markers were implicated in leukocyte migration, immune response, triglyceride and lipoprotein metabolism, acute phase response, T cell regulation, and several key biological pathways, including PPAR, HIF-1, cytokine-cytokine interactions, and PI3K-AKT signaling. Further validation with ELISA and RT-qPCR confirmed the differential representation of IL6, PTX3, LPL, and OLR1 between the two groups. Notably, a combination marker incorporating these four factors demonstrated high diagnostic potential for the early detection of IA. Our study has identified a set of informative biomarkers (IL6, PTX3, LPL, and OLR1) that could be valuable for the early diagnosis of IA. Importantly, this is the first report of significantly elevated OLR1 representation in the plasma of IA patients. Further investigation into the role of OLR1 in the pathogenesis of IA is warranted. SIGNIFICANCE: This study significantly advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying intracranial aneurysm (IA) pathogenesis. By identifying a panel of novel biomarkers, including the previously unreported elevated expression of OLR1 in IA patients, we provide crucial insights into the inflammatory processes involved in aneurysm formation and development. These findings have important clinical implications, as the identified biomarkers could serve as valuable tools for early diagnosis and potentially targeted therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, the study highlights the complex interplay of inflammatory pathways in IA, suggesting that a multi-faceted approach may be necessary for effective management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Mutations in ADGRV1 can cause seizures, but the mechanism remains unclear. The zebrafish model can be used to assess the functions of human ADGRV1 and its variant alleles during embryonic development. In this study, we summarized the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of four children with ADGRV1 variation and based on this, we validated the ADGRV1 loss phenotype in an adgrv1-knockout zebrafish model. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and genotypic characteristics of four pediatric patients diagnosed as having ADGRV1 mutations at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from April 2019 to February 2022. Moreover, we used the adgrv1-knockout zebrafish larvae model and performed morphological, behavioral, and neuroelectrophysiological testing. We found that of the four included children, two had epilepsy, one had paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, and one had febrile seizure plus. Three children had a history of febrile seizures, whereas two had a family history of febrile seizures. Three children had well-controlled clinical epilepsy seizures or motor disorders. Finally, one child with spontaneous mutation had epigenetic abnormalities and comprehensive developmental delay, one had language developmental delay, and two (paternal or maternal) had a good prognosis. Regarding the zebrafish model, the cas9-control and adgrv1-edited groups demonstrated significant differences in the interocular areas of the zebrafish observed in the open field and the maximum swimming velocity under light stimulus. In neuroelectrophysiological testing, epilepsy-related signals were observed in 2 of 26 adgrv1-edited group fish. We believe that, mutations in the ADGRV1 may lead to epileptic seizures and movement disorders. The patients usually have a history of febrile seizures or a family history. Through research using the zebrafish model, it has been found that ADGRV1 mutations can affect the expression of eye and the neuromotor development of zebrafish larvae. This might be one of the reasons for epileptic seizures caused by ADGRV1 gene mutations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are characterized by diverse genetic underpinnings and abnormalities in the structure and function of the central nervous system. While the lung-specific SFTPC gene is critical for pulmonary development and homeostasis, its potential involvement in NDDs has not been previously explored. In this study, we identified compound heterozygous variants of SFTPC in two children diagnosed with NDDs, inherited from carrier parents. Bioinformatic analyses predicted these variants to be deleterious, and patient blood samples confirmed reduced SFTPC protein levels. To investigate the functional impact of these mutations, we generated a Sftpc-knock-in (Sftpc-KI) mouse model carrying the defective alleles. The Sftpc-KI mice exhibited significantly reduced Sftpc expression in both lung and blood samples. Remarkably, despite its lung-specific expression, Sftpc-KI mice displayed pronounced impairments in neurobehavioral performance. Proteomic analyses of the Sftpc-KI mouse brain revealed dysregulated proteins associated with neuroinflammation. Furthermore, primary microglial cells isolated from these mice exhibited heightened expression of M1 activation markers, indicating aberrant microglial activation. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized connection between lung-specific SFTPC dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting the existence of a novel brain-lung axis and opening new avenues for research into the molecular mechanisms underlying NDDs., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The silver-lipped pearl oyster ( Pinctada maxima ) is the largest and most commercially valuable pearl-producing oyster, renowned for its ability to generate large, lustrous pearls. This species is a sequential hermaphrodite, with pearl production displaying notable sexual dimorphism. Consequently, understanding the molecular mechanisms governing sex determination and differentiation is crucial for advancing breeding strategies in the pearl oyster industry. To elucidate these mechanisms, this study conducted integrative transcriptomic analyses of P. maxima gonadal tissues using isoform sequencing (Iso-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Comparative analysis of ovarian and testicular tissues identified 2 768 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene co-expression network analysis delineated four key modules, including three sex-specific modules and one shared module. Key genes implicated in sex determination and maintenance were identified, including FOXL2 , NANOS1 , and β-catenin , important for ovarian maintenance, and DMRT , SOX30 , FEM1 , and FOXJ1 , crucial for testicular maintenance. These genes, widely studied in other taxa, were confirmed as hub genes in the sex-related modules of P. maxima . Interestingly, genes within the shared module were significantly enriched in the spliceosome pathway. Alternative splicing analysis highlighted its extensive role in gonadal tissues, with more pronounced activity observed in the testis compared to the ovary. Nearly half (47.83%, 375) of the identified genes undergoing differential alternative splicing (DASGs) also exhibited differential transcript usage (DTUGs), while only 17% of DTUGs overlapped with DEGs. Genes associated with sex differentiation, such as DMRT , β-catenin , and U2AF2 , displayed sex-specific and/or sex-biased isoforms. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular basis of sex differentiation in P. maxima , which could inform the development of targeted breeding strategies aimed at sex control, thereby enhancing pearl quality and yield in aquaculture. This study offers a robust molecular foundation for advancing breeding programs and optimizing production in the pearl oyster industry.

Objective: Our goal was to investigate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) following spinal cord injury (SCI) and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CD47-blocking antibodies in mitigating the disruption., Methods: We utilized Evans blue extravasation to evaluate BSCB permeability and immunofluorescence to evaluate the formation of NETs and the expression of ZO-1, CD31, S100A8/A9, CD68, GFAP, Iba-1, and NeuN. Spinal cord edema was quantified by comparing the dry and wet weights of tissue samples. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate inflammatory factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Changes in genes associated with NET formation were identified by mRNA sequencing. Activation of the TLR4-NF-κB-MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathway was examined via Western blot analysis. Limb function was evaluated using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) to assess motor function., Results: We observed massive aggregation of neutrophils and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) after spinal cord injury. The use of CD47-blocking antibodies reduced NET formation, mitigated S100A8/A9 production, attenuated BSCB injury, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, alleviated spinal cord edema, and minimized neuronal death at the site of injury. Furthermore, these antibodies suppressed activation of the TLR4-NF-κB-MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathway., Conclusion: The use of CD47-blocking antibodies post-SCI resulted in reduced NET formation. By suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB-MMP2/MMP9 signaling pathway, these antibodies contributed to the preservation of blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) integrity, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for SCI., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. This work was supported by Tianjin Municipal Health and Wellness Science and Technology Projec. (Grant No. TJWJ2024ZD001), (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Elaborating the subcellular polarity is pivotal for pathophysiological research and early disease diagnosis. Despite its significance, achieving simultaneous two-color fluorescence imaging and quantitative analysis of polarity across multiple organelles remains challenging. This limitation primarily stems from the lack of single fluorescent (SF) probes capable of such precise and multifaceted functionality., Results: We introduce a novel SF probe LE-TPA, designed for concurrent dual-color imaging and precise polarity determination in lipid droplets (LDs) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) under a single excitation. LE-TPA adopts a D-π-A-π-D configuration, which demonstrates highly selective and sensitive fluorescence response to polarity variations in Oleic acid-THF or THF-water mixtures, accompanied with an exceptional linearity (R 2  > 0.99) between the max λ em and polarity parameter Δf, paving the way for quantitative polarity analysis in live samples. Furthermore, LE-TPA enables simultaneous, real-time imaging of these organelles due to their different water contents, and provides compelling evidence for supporting the hypothesis that LDs derive from the ER. Importantly, LE-TPA effectively identifies polarity differences between healthy and cancerous cells at the subcellular level and allows precise polarity mapping of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) tissues at different pathological stages., Significance: These findings highlight the versatility of probe LE-TPA as a powerful tool for subcellular polarity studies and related disease diagnosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations than can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The silent killer epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a lethal malignancy with high mortality rate and often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Traditional chemotherapy for EOC remains unsatisfactory as the tumor microenvironment (TME) is complicated and contains multiple factors such as tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Therefore, a drug delivery system which codelivery chemotherapy drug and immune modulator for EOC treatment is urgently needed., Methods: Follicle-stimulating hormone peptide-conjugated paclitaxel and ginsenoside Rh2 codelivery liposomes (FSH@PTX-Rh2-Lips) were prepared in this study. FSH was decorated on the liposomal surface to enhance cellar uptake, PTX was used to kill cancer cells, and Rh2 was added to induce macrophages repolarization as well as a member material. The targeting, anti-tumor effect and impact on macrophage repolarization of FSH@PTX-Rh2-Lips were evaluated in vitro and in vivo., Results: With the ideal physicochemical properties, FSH@PTX-Rh2-Lips displayed increased cellular uptake, strong cytotoxicity to ID8 cells, inhibitory effect of tumor cell metastasis, and ability to induce macrophage repolarization from M2 to M1 in vitro. The tumor-bearing mice model suggested FSH@PTX-Rh2-Lips showed significant effect on antitumor and tumor recurrence, and the mechanism of FSH@PTX-Rh2-Lips in treatment of EOC was related to inhibiting tumor growth and inducing macrophage repolarization., Conclusion: FSH@PTX-Rh2-Lips with function of affecting TAMs repolarization and altering the TME were successfully prepared and might offer an effective therapeutic strategy against EOC., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare no conflicts of interest in this work., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The conventional hydrothermal synthesis and inherent hysteresis behavior limited the application of MOFs owing to the low kinetic efficiency in dynamic molecular adsorption. Herein, we developed an in-situ nucleation strategy for the preparation of MIL-100-Fe and immobilized it with hierarchy porous scaffold of TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TCNF) sponge in the absence of additional organic solvent during fabrication under ambient conditions. The newly recognized mechanisms of gradient molecular transfer were proposed to illustrate the comprehensive DCF adsorption process from solution to micropores of MIL-100-Fe at molecule level triggered by the stray capacitance, varied Laplace pressure, size exclusion and cellulosic labyrinth. Additionally, the superior biocompatibility and natural degradability (in 24 h) of MIL@TCNF sponge were demonstrated. The used material could be converted rapidly to zero-valent iron (ZVI) sponge via simple reduction process, achieving both dehalogenation of Diclofenac (DCF) and material regeneration. These findings uncover the propagable mechanisms of molecular-diffusion driven adsorption cascade and provide a novel fabrication strategy of 3-D environmental functional sponge with reusability and biodegradability for water pollution control., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Adhesions in the abdominal cavity are among the most common complications post abdominal surgery, resulting from excessive fibrous tissue proliferation and collagen synthesis due to various factors. To date, physical barrier materials have been approved for preventing adhesions, though their effectiveness remains unsatisfactory. One of the important causes of abdominal adhesions is the excessive proliferation of fibrotic cells, and our previous research indicated that STAT3 is a promising therapeutic target for anti-fibrosis. This study designed and synthesized a STAT3 targeted small molecule inhibitor compound 16 K and evaluated its anti-fibrotic effects using the CCK-8 assay on fibroblasts. Compound 16 K was then combined with GelMA (methacryloyl gelatin) hydrogel through UV curing to prepare StatGel, a 16 K-loaded hydrogel with both anti-fibrotic activity and physical barrier properties. Material property assessments showed that StatGel does not alter the inherent properties of GelMA while maintaining the capability of sustained release of compound 16 K. StatGel significantly inhibited the proliferation of L929 cells and TGF-β1-induced fibrotic differentiation, and down-regulated p-STAT3 protein without affecting the STAT3 protein. Furthermore, StatGel was demonstrated to prevent the formation of abdominal adhesions in a mouse model induced by CLP as assessed by histological examination and adhesion index. Overall, StatGel offers a potential approach for effectively preventing the formation of abdominal adhesions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

To improve the toughness of the rice dough, protein transglutaminase (TGase) combined with sodium metabisulfite (SMB) modification was used. The influences of modification on rice dough and protein were investigated, and their physicochemical and structural characteristics were analyzed. Mechanical analysis results indicated that the tanδ and texture characteristics of the modified rice dough were close to those of the wheat dough. The content of weakly bound water increased after rice dough modification. The average particle size of the modified rice protein (MRP) increased. The α-helix and β-turn increased, the β-sheet of MRP was reduced. The hydrogen, ionic, and hydrophobic bond contents of the MRP were significantly higher than those of the unmodified rice protein (URP). The results showed that TGase combined with SMB changed the URP network structure, thereby effectively regulating the viscoelastic balance of the unmodified rice dough., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Monitoring and controlling microbial water quality is crucial for ensuring water reuse safety. In particular, existing water reuse guidelines and regulations normally prescribed coliform bacteria as microbial indicators. However, the use of non-unified coliform groups may bring difficulties to compare and optimize the conformity efforts on microbial surveillance. This study has identified the correlation relationships in each pair of four microbial indicators in reclaimed waters, namely the heterotrophic plate counts (HPCs), total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and E. coli (r = 0.861-0.987). Ultimately, the built regression model for internal conversion is expressed as: log 10 HPC (MPN/mL) = 0.737 × log 10 TC (MPN/L) = 0.830 × log 10 FC (MPN/L) = 0.872 × log 10 E. coli (MPN/L) with further verification and validation. The developed model can be used to help water reuse regulators and practitioners improve the efficiency in universal microbial risk detection and management. Besides, the resistant microbes in HPCs (e.g. disinfection resistant bacteria and pathogens) after reclaimed water treatment and disinfection also call for future attention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A facile cyanobiphenol based probe MHB was synthesized and determined by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, HRMS and X-ray Crystallography. The probe MHB exhibited fluorescence turn-on phenomenon accompany with obvious color change from dark bule to azure and blue-green upon the addition of Al 3+ and Zn 2+ , respectively. The binding ratios between probe MHB and Al 3+ /Zn 2+ was 1:1 determined by Job's plot, which was deeply investigated by FT-IR spectrum, 1 HNMR titration and HRMS analysis. The detection limits of MHB to Al 3+ and Zn 2+ were 2.52 × 10 -7 M and 1.74 × 10 -7 M for Zn 2+ , respectively. The application experiments referring to real water samples, test paper and cell image showed that MHB was capable of qualitative and quantitative sensing Al 3+ /Zn 2+ in environmental and biological system., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) categorizes postpartum depression (PPD) as a subtype of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with peripartum onset, generally arising within the initial trimester following delivery. This acute psychiatric condition is characterized by feelings of worthlessness, insomnia, extreme anxiety, or maternal neglect. Intranasal oxytocin (OT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have the potential to address impaired social cognition; nonetheless, their neuronal underpinnings, along with their safety and efficacy, are little comprehended. This study examines the effects of rTMS stimulation with an oxytocin agonist or antagonist in a PPD model. We employed the maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) strategy for 21 days to attain our objective. Oxytocin acetate (agonist) and atosiban (antagonist) were administered by injection twice daily for three consecutive days following the model according to the established protocol. A single session of rTMS involved the application of high-frequency stimulation (20 Hz) one hour following the final injection. Behavioral testing and brain collection were conducted 12 h post-rTMS. The results indicated that treatment with OT followed by rTMS stimulation decreased neuronal cell death and microglial activation, meanwhile enhancing synaptic plasticity through the upregulation of PSD95, Synapsin I, and Synaptophysin. Simultaneously, both OT therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrated a significant capacity to alter autophagy activity and astrocyte function. Nonetheless, OTA therapy followed by rTMS did not exhibit the same pattern of outcomes. Our findings indicate that the combination of rTMS stimulation and an oxytocin agonist in a PPD model may mitigate depression-like behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Few studies have explored the effects of arsenic exposure on depressive symptoms and the underlying mechanisms of its influence on this relationship. This study aimed to assess the impact of urinary arsenic on depressive symptoms and the mediating and moderating roles of folate and dietary inflammation index (DII)., Methods: Cross-sectional data from 9775 participants (≥20 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2020 were used for analysis. Total urinary arsenic and its compounds (urinary arsenobetaine and dimethylarsenic acid), folate, and DII were objectively measured, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9 scale. A logistic regression model weighted by the dietary two-day sample was used to analyze the effects, and a moderated mediation analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro., Results: Elevated urinary arsenic concentrations significantly increased the risk of depressive symptoms among adults in the United States. That is, the odds ratio (OR) of depressive symptoms increased as urinary arsenic concentrations increased (from the first quartile to the fourth quartile), and all of these results are statistically significant (P < 0.05). High urinary arsenic levels reduced folate levels and ultimately increased the risk of depressive symptoms, and DII moderated this association. The effect of urinary arsenic on depressive symptoms was not different among subgroups., Conclusion: High levels of anti-inflammatory diet and enhanced folate intake helped reduce the effects of urinary arsenic on depressive symptoms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Investigating efficient non-precious metal-based catalysts for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen is a significant and urgent need in the field of clean energy technologies. Moreover, utilizing transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to replace the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), coupled with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), is an effective energy-saving hydrogen production method. A heterostructure NiS x /MoO 2 catalyst was prepared by a simple method, which exhibits excellent activity for UOR, requiring only 1.4 V to reach 100 mA cm -2 . The high performance is attributed to the presence of the heterostructure, which effectively promotes charge redistribution and optimizes the electronic structure of the catalyst, thereby enhancing its adsorption capacity for intermediates. As a result, an electrolyzer assembled with NiS x /MoO 2 as a bifunctional catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic activity, ensures stability for over 200 h at a current density of 10 mA cm -2 , and achieves a hydrogen production rate of 0.402 mmol h -1 at a potential of 1.8 V., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

High-performance solar interface evaporators provide a promising, sustainable, and cost-effective solution to the global freshwater crisis through seawater purification. However, achieving a delicate balance between maximizing the evaporation rate and ensuring continuous, stable, and durable operation presents a critical challenge. Herein, we present a biomimetic cellulose/polypyrrole-coated silica/graphene evaporator with self-assembled nanofiber networks and vertically aligned vessels for enhanced salt resistance. Asymmetric wettable surfaces are constructed by precisely controlling cellulose nanofibers surface siloxane groups via thermal actuation. The hydrophobic surface layer prevents salting accumulation, and the unique biomimetic cell structure of the lower hydrophilic layer acts as a stem for fast water transportation. Flexible vertical channels and interconnecting networks constructed of cellulose fibers with high porosity enable the simultaneous achievement of maximum solar absorption (light absorption efficiency: 96.34 %), exceptional mechanical properties and continuous water channels for mass transfer. The hierarchical structure and functional constituents contribute to an impressive evaporation rate of 2.78 kg m -2  h -1 under one-sun illumination. The evaporator further performs remarkable outdoors and maintains reliability in highly concentrated salt water (20 wt%). The Janus-structured, salt-rejecting biomimetic aerogel evaporator developed in this study presents an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for sustainable clean water production., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Monitoring biomarker levels in body fluids is of great importance in clinical diagnosis. Herein, a robust 3D ZnMOF, {[Zn 2 (BTPB) 0.5 (bib) 1.5 (μ 2 -OH)]·2H 2 O} n , was fabricated based on the ligands of 1,4-bis(2,4,6-tricarboxylpyrid-5-yl)benzene (H 6 BTPB) and 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene (bib). On the basis of its stable architecture and intrinsic luminescence, ZnMOF demonstrated remarkable potential as a bifunctional luminescent sensor for selective and sensitive detecting the biomarkers of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in water and body fluids by employing distinct "turn-off" and "turn-on" responses. Additionally, the inherent sensing mechanism was further assessed from the viewpoints of spectral overlap and photo-induced electron transfer. This work manifested MOFs-based luminescent sensors are developing into an effective method for detecting biomarkers in body fluids with perfect practicality and compatibility., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) present a major obstacle for efficient hydrogen production via water electrolysis. In contrast, the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), with its lower thermodynamic barrier, presents a promising alternative to OER. In this study, we designed and synthesized hierarchical CoFe- PBA@S/NiFe-LDH nanoboxes. Sulfur doping in nickel-iron layered double hydroxides (S/NiFe-LDH) introduces a weak built-in electric field (BIEF), which is further strengthened when combined with cobalt-iron Prussian blue analogue (CoFe-PBA) to form a heterojunction. This heterojunction created localized charge polarization at the interface, facilitating efficient electron transfer and reducing the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates, thereby significantly improving intrinsic catalytic activity. Under conditions of 1 M KOH and 0.33 M urea, the CoFe-PBA@S/NiFe-LDH catalyst achieved a current density of 50 mA cm -2 at a relatively low potential of 1.321 V, accompanied by a low Tafel slope (53 mV dec -1 ). Additionally, it maintained stability at 30 mA cm -2 for 40 h. This work provides vital insights for the strategic design of highly effective heterojunction catalysts for the UOR., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Diabetic wounds have garnered significant attention due to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), persistent inflammation, and vascular and neural impairments that hinder effective healing. ROS-scavenging hydrogels with phenylborate bonds possess inherent anti-ROS and anti-inflammatory properties, while human mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hMSC-exos) offer additional anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and neurogenic benefits, presenting a promising strategy to address these challenges. This study introduces a novel ROS-scavenging hydrogel loaded with hMSC-exos, which exhibits strong adhesion and self-healing capabilities. Upon application to the wound, it interacts with ROS to produce an anti-inflammatory response, concurrently allowing a sustained release of hMSC-exos. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that this hydrogel effectively reduces ROS levels, mitigates inflammation, and promotes angiogenesis and neurogenesis, thus enhancing functional skin restoration and accelerating wound healing. In summary, we propose an innovative therapeutic approach for diabetic wound healing by combining ROS-scavenging hydrogels with hMSC-exos, with the potential to significantly benefit patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study encompasses the explication of systematic spatial distribution patterns and identification of hotspots of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) across the network of rivers, including Yarlung Tsangpo River and its tributaries in Xizang Plateau. A total of 16 CECs were detected in wide range of frequencies and concentrations ranging from below limit of detection (BLD) - 163.13 ng/L across the river network, indicating widespread spatial heterogeneity. The systematic spatial distribution pattern suggested a positive spatial autocorrelation with Moran's Index values of 0.35, 0.15, 0.42 for diclofenac acid, bisphenol AF and trimethoprim, respectively. Subsequently, hotspots of CECs were identified in the upper reaches of Parlung Tsangpo River and Zayu River, and lower reaches of Lhasa River by using Getis-Ord Gi∗ statistics coupled with inverse distance weighted interpolation. Geodetector was used to elucidate the driving factors responsible for the spatial heterogeneity. The q-statistics identified rivers, dissolved oxygen, human population density, and land use types as major factors associated with the spatial heterogeneity of CECs. Besides, the interaction between these factors produced enhanced bivariate and nonlinear effects on the spatial heterogeneity of CECs, compared to their individual impacts. The specific levels of the environmental and physicochemical parameters associated with the higher CECs concentrations justified the hotspots. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the CEC contamination in riverine environments along with an exploration into driving factors responsible for spatial heterogeneity and hotspots that may pose high risks to human health and aquatic ecosystem., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The interaction between the surface and the target gas is the key to determining gas sensing performances of sensing materials, and revealing the interaction mechanism between the two still faces challenges. Herein, activating iron incorporation sites strategy is applied to address this issue. The gas sensor based on iron incorporation Co 3 O 4 hierarchical porous architectures shows a significant gas selectivity toward trimethylbenzene, high sensing response, well long-term stability, rapid response/recovery speed and superior humidity resistance. It can be found that the sensing responses are positively correlated with the number and the species of hydrogen substituents on the benzene rings. In contrast, Co 3 O 4 without iron incorporation does not exhibit any gas sensing performance. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that strong trimethylbenzene adsorption and charge transfer between Fe Co sites and benzene ring of gases molecules lead to significantly enhanced trimethylbenzene gas sensing performance., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Optimizing hydrogen adsorption and enhancing water absorption are essential for the design of effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. Herein, a well-defined core-shell-structured P-CoNiMoO@Co 2 P-Ni 2 P catalyst was synthesized on nickel foam via high-temperature phosphidation of heterostructured precursor CoMoO 4 ·xH 2 O/NiMoO 4 ·xH 2 O with hydrogen (H 2 ) assistance. This catalyst exhibits good HER performance, requiring only 24 mV of overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm -2 , and long-term stability, maintaining a current density of 100 mA cm -2 for over 100 h. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the molybdenum site is highly favorable for water adsorption in phosphorus-doped cobalt nickel molybdate (P-CoNiMoO), while the trigonal Ni 3 site is optimal for hydrogen adsorption. These findings indicate that the cooperative interactions and functional division between the core and shell substantially enhance HER performance. In addition, P-CoNiMoO@Co 2 P-Ni 2 P demonstrates high oxygen evolution reaction performance, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm -2 at an overpotential of 243 mV. When functioning as a bifunctional electrocatalyst, it requires only 1.49 V to drive overall water splitting at a current density of 10 mA cm -2 , with a durability of over 200 h at current densities of 100 and 300 mA cm -2 . This study provides significant insights into the development of HER catalysts with potential applications in other fields., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Interface engineering is an important strategy to improve the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of metal-based electrocatalysts. However, how to develop efficient and abundant interface is still a challenge. Herein, the three-dimensional mesoporous metal oxide-supported Pd-based catalyst was prepared and its ORR activity was further improved through the interfacial modification with microporous covalent organic polymer. Due to the meso/microporous structure and optimized organic-inorganic interface, the as-obtained catalyst could provide abundant active sites and suitable electronic structure, which makes it as a superior catalyst toward alkaline ORR. The surface modified Pd catalyst shows an improved half-wave potential (E 1/2 ) from 0.84 V to 0.86 V and an improved limiting current density (J L ) from 5.8 mA cm -2 to 6.0 mA cm -2 . Moreover, the developed catalyst has excellent methanol tolerance and stability during the long-time cycling. When it was used as cathodic electrocatalyst in zinc-air battery, a peak power density of 106 mW cm -2 could be achieved and the battery maintains excellent stability during cycling tests over 45 h, which is better than the benchmarked commercial Pt/C catalyst. This study provides an efficient interface engineering strategy for constructing active and stable electrocatalysts, which may be useful in ORR and other energy-related conversions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) has become the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. Existing therapeutic approaches, including intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGFs) and/or glucocorticoids and laser therapy, primarily address secondary macular edema and neovascularisation. However, these strategies do not address the underlying cause of the disease and may have harmful side effects. There is an urgent need for therapies that have a better prognosis and include the administration of thrombolytics at an early stage. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the thrombolytic effect of treatment with recombinant human Single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activators (scu-PA)and the differences in its efficacy at different doses in a rabbit RVO model. In addition, through a series of ophthalmological examinations, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electrophysiology, conducted to ascertain the effects of treatment with scu-PA on the ocular fibrinolytic system, we noted a definitive safety window for the vitreous administration of scu-PA. Therefore, this study is the first to confirm that an intravenous or vitreous cavity injection of scu-PA has definitive potential for treating RVO; however, additional clinical studies are needed for further validation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or fanancial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Achilles tendon rupture is a common and serious condition that remains a challenge in the restoration of tendon structure and function. The design and use of high-performance piezoelectric materials serve as an effective solution to enhance repair outcomes, shorten recovery times, and reduce the risk of recurrence. In this study, we prepared a chitosan piezoelectric gel (CSPG) as an organic polymer with excellent biocompatibility, stretchability, and piezoelectric properties as well as excellent antibacterial properties. In vitro experiments showed that CSPG, which induces a piezoelectric effect, can inhibit bacterial growth, promote cell proliferation and migration, upregulate the expression of tendon-related genes, and inhibit the expression of inflammation-related genes. In vivo experiments showed improved outcomes for Achilles tendon repair following CSPG intervention, as evidenced by enhanced animal mobility and improved mechanical test results. In addition, the CSPG exhibited sensory functions capable of monitoring temperature and motion, providing timely feedback on repair efficacy. In summary, this study not only successfully prepared a multifunctional piezoelectric material that can effectively promote Achilles tendon rupture repair and regeneration and control inflammatory response, it also possesses antibacterial and sensing functions, thus offering a new strategy for Achilles tendon rupture repair., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Low temperature generally restricts biological activity, slowing down electron transfer in biogeochemical cycles and causing a series of environmental problems such as nitrogen pollution. We present a strategy to boost electron transfer in microbial cell at low temperatures via stimulation with low current. It is demonstrated by establishing a constructed wetland system coupled with solar powered microbial electrolysis cell, which enhances microbial activity through external micro currents (18.9 ± 5.5 μA) for removing nitrogen pollution in winter (average temperature from -6.6 to 4.5 °C). We investigated the efficiency of pollutants removal, microbial activity, N 2 O production and its mechanisms using complexes activity detection, RT-qPCR, incubation, and 15 N- 18 O dual-isotope labeling techniques. The activity of complexes I, II, III, and IV collectively represent the microbial electron transfer rate. Results indicated that the microcurrents increased the activity of complexes II, III and IV by 96 %, 172 %, and 313 %, respectively. The transcription abundance of amoA genes in ammonia oxidation and nirS/K genes in denitrification by 263 % and 51 %, respectively. Consequently, NH 4 + -N removal efficiency improved from 23 % to 35 %, and NO 3 - -N removal efficiency from 21 % to 31 %. Moreover, microcurrents reduced N 2 O emission by 44 %. However, external microcurrent stimulation did not alter the microbial production pathway of N 2 O as determined by the 15 N- 18 O dual isotope labeling technique. The relative abundance of the nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, and Nitrospira, as well as the denitrifying bacteria Methylotenera, significantly increased due to microcurrent stimulation. Specifically, Nitrospira exhibited the highest increase of 156 %. Our findings provide a novel way to enhance N removal efficiency and simultaneously reduce N 2 O emission of biological system like constructed wetlands in winter conditions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Bioactive peptides, as small protein fragments, are essential mediators of diverse physiological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory functions. Despite their substantial potential in pharmaceuticals and the food industry, conventional methods for peptide classification and activity prediction are limited by high costs, time-intensive procedures, and extensive data processing requirements. Here, we present BioPepPred-DLEmb, a novel computational model integrating Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRUs), augmented with natural language processing to encode amino acids into information-dense vectors. Evaluated across nine bioactive peptide datasets, BioPepPred-DLEmb demonstrates superior predictive accuracy (0.909) and sensitivity (0.911) compared to traditional methods. Through UMAP visualization and Kplogo analysis, the model effectively differentiates peptide activity states and identifies key biomarkers. The predicted antimicrobial peptides (Pred-AMPs) exhibit potent efficacy in vitro, achieving low micromolar inhibitory concentrations (2-16 μmol/L) against pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. These findings establish a robust foundation for bioactive peptide development, with implications for advancements in precision medicine, personalized therapies, and functional food innovations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Capillary electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) is widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry for monitoring purity and analyzing impurities. The accuracy of the method may be compromised by artificial species resulting from sample preparation or electrophoresis separation due to suboptimal conditions. During non-reduced CE-SDS analysis of a multispecific antibody (msAb), named as multispecific antibody C (msAb-C), a cluster of unexpected peaks was observed after the main peak. The corrected peak area ratio of these peaks showed a strong dependence on loaded protein concentration, which affected the accurate assessment of the purity of msAb-C. After investigation, the unexpected peaks were identified as artifacts produced during electrophoresis separation. These artifacts can be mitigated by three different strategies: 1) adding a more hydrophobic surfactant, sodium hexadecyl sulfate (SHS), to the sample and/or sieving gel buffer; 2) reducing the sample loading amount; and 3) increasing the capillary separation temperature to above 40 ℃. We adopted strategy 1) and strategy 3), and successfully developed an optimal non-reduced CE-SDS method for the accurate and reliable purity assessment of msAb-C samples. These strategies of optimizing non-reduced CE-SDS can be used in developing quality control methods for other therapeutic bispecific/multispecific antibodies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)