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Out of the total cases of cervical cancer, brain metastases (BMs) are relatively rare, with an estimated incidence rate of 0.63% (range: 0.1%-2.2%). Additionally, BMs prognosis remains poor, and the average patient survival time following a BM diagnosis is 3 to 5 months. Few studies have addressed the effect of programmed cell death-1 inhibitors against BMs in cervical cancer, although they are an established option for recurrent/metastatic disease. Hence, we report a case involving a 54-year-old post-surgery patient with cervical cancer with a body mass index of 19.5 kg/m 2 and Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 3; the disease recurred with BMs 1 year later. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy concurrent with temozolomide and bevacizumab was initiated, following which zimberelimab immunotherapy combined with anlotinib was administered to extend tumor control. The patient had a progression-free survival duration of 10 months, the tumor response was assessed as a partial response based on the evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST1.1), and the ECOG status improved to 1 after therapy. These findings suggest that immunotherapy-based combination therapy following radiotherapy may be a good choice for patients with cervical cancer and BMs., (© 2024 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.)

Background: Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPeM) is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis at advanced stage, and the standard first-line treatment for inoperable patients is chemotherapy. Although combining programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors with chemotherapy is generally considered safe and effective in several malignant solid tumors, there are few reports regarding initial immunochemotherapy in advanced MPeM., Case Summary: Here, to our knowledge, we present the first case of a patient with epithelioid subtype MPeM, who was treatment-naïve and benefited from initial PD-1 inhibitor plus standard chemotherapy with a prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and good tolerance. A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for a persistent burning sensation in the abdomen. Computed tomography revealed a solid mass in the lower abdomen, which was subsequently diagnosed histologically as epithelioid subtype MPeM by core needle biopsy. The patient received eight cycles of pemetrexed 800 mg (day 1), cisplatin 60/50 mg (day 1-2), and zimberelimab (PD-1 inhibitor) 240 mg (day 1) every 3 wk. He achieved significant reduction of peritoneal tumors with remarkable improvement in symptoms. The best tumor response was partial remission with a final PFS of 7 mo. No immune-related adverse event occurred during the combination treatment., Conclusion: The outcome of the present case demonstrates the promising anti-tumor activity of immunochemotherapy to treat inoperable MPeM in the future., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)