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Objective: To investigate the predictive value of preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on acute kidney injury (AKI) after on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB)., Methods: Patients who underwent elective ONCAB for coronary heart disease were included. NLR was calculated according to the results of preoperative routine blood test, patients were divided into non-AKI and AKI groups, and the differences in clinical baseline data between the two groups were compared., Results: A total of 154 patients were included in this study, including 57 (37%) with postoperative AKI and 97 (63%) without AKI. Compared with the patients in non-AKI group, those in AKI group had higher NLR (2.63 (1.83, 3.505) vs. 2.06 (1.7, 2.56), p = 0.002), higher serum creatinine (78 (67, 98.5) vs. 70.9 ± 16.8 umol/L, p < 0.001), longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, and longer aortic cross clamp time. After dividing patient into tertiles based on NLR, those with higher NLR had higher risk of postoperative AKI than those with lower NLR (30% vs. 25% vs. 55.8%, p for trend = 0.003). Patients in Tertile2 and Tertile3 had higher NLR compared to those in Tertile1 (p < 0.05); multivariate logistic regression analysis showed patients with elevated preoperative NLR and blood creatinine had higher risk of postoperative AKI. ROC curve showed that patients' preoperative NLR combined with blood creatinine had better predictive value for postoperative AKI., Conclusion: Elevated preoperative NLR is associated with AKI after ONCAB, and had prognostic utility independent of other recognized risk factors., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Exosomes, especially the tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs), are extracellular vesicles released by many kinds of cells, which are involved in several biological and pathological processes. Their contents mainly include DNA, RNA and proteins. The message could be transmitted in neighboring or distant cells by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes are a main intercellular communication regulator because they are involved and interact with intracellular signaling pathways. Exosomes can be detected in the tumor microenvironment, and there is growing evidence that TDEs are active in tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, as well as immune responses and drug resistance. All of the functions mentioned above make it clear that exosomes have an important role in tumors. This review focuses on the origin and structure of TDEs and their important biological functions in the environment due to cell-to-cell intercellular communication.

Background: There issome research on school climate impact on adolescent alcohol use in the Western social context; however, there is no research on school climate impact on adolescent alcohol use in China. This study aimed to explore the effect of school climate on Chinese adolescents' alcohol use, and the moderating role of psychological suzhi between them. Methods : A total of 801 adolescents (45.8% boys, 14.96±1.66 years) completed self-reports on school climate, psychological suzhi, and alcohol use. Results: Moderation analyses revealed that both school climate and psychological suzhi significantly negatively predicted adolescents' alcohol use, and the interaction of school climate and psychological suzhi significantly positively predicted adolescents' alcohol use. Moreover, the effect of school climate on adolescents' alcohol use was stronger for low psychological suzhi adolescents than high psychological suzhi adolescents. Conclusions: We can build good school climate by formulating of national level legal and regulations and good social norms, and use mature interventions or cultivation strategies to improve adolescents' psychological suzhi in order to better play its role in protection., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Hydrothermal reactions of aromatic terphenyl-4,2'',5'',4'-tetracarboxylic acid (H 4 tta) and transitional metal cations in the presence of two flexible N-donor ancillary ligands afforded four novel coordination polymers, namely, {[Zn(tta) 0.5 (m-bimb)]·H 2 O} n (1), [Ni 2 (tta)(m-bimb) 2 (H 2 O)] n (2), [Ni(H 2 tta)(o-bimb)·H 2 O] n (3), and [Cd(tta) 0.5 (o-bimb)] n (4), from solvothermal reactions in the presence of bis(imidazole) bridging linkers (m-bimb = 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, and o-bimb = 1,2-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene). Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses (EA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Compound 1 displayed a 2-fold 3D → 3D parallel entangled (4,4)-connected bbf net with the point symbol of (6 4 ·8 2 )(6 6 ) 2 . Compound 2 featured a predocumented 3D (4,8)-connected (3 2 ·5 3 ·6)(3 4 ·4 4 ·5 9 ·6 11 ) net. Compound 3 exhibited a 2D 4-connected sql sheet with the point symbol of (4 4 ·6 2 ), and compound 4 showed a 2D 4-connected (3 2 ·6 2 ·7 2 ) kgm sheet. To our delight, fluorescence measurements showed that compound 1 could selectively and sensitively detect Cr 3+ cations and nitrobenzene derivatives (nitrobenzene (NB), p-nitrotoluene (PNT), and p-nitroaniline (PNA)), which suggested that CPs of 1 was a promising bifunctional luminescence sensor material that could sense metal ions and small organic molecules. Moreover, 1 showed excellent photocatalytic activity.

The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between HPV infection, p53, p16, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p34 cdc2 protein expression and prognosis in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland. Totally 78 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland specimens were selected from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2013 in Tangshan Union Hospital. PCR-reverse dot blot hybridization was used to detect infection of human papilloma virus (HPV), and SP immunohistochemical method was adopted to detect the expression of p53, p16, EGFR and p34 cdc2 protein in the carcinoma tissues. Clinical data were collected and the patients were followed up. Results showed that the infection rate of HPV in adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues was 0% (0/78). The expression rate of p53, p16, EGFR and p34 cdc2 protein in carcinoma tissues were 75.6% (59/78), 57.7% (45/78), 60.1% (47/78) and 64.1% (50/78), respectively. Expression of p53, p16, EGFR and p34 cdc2 proteins was not significantly correlated with patients' age, gender, disease location, TNM classification and histological type ( P > 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that EGFR-positive patients had a lower median overall survival than EGFR-negative ones (58 months vs. 75 months, respectively. P = 0.001). The result of median progression-free survival was virtually the same for both EGFR-positive and EGFR-negative patients (43 months vs. 49 months, respectively. P = 0.002). p34 cdc2 -positive patients had a lower median overall survival than p34 cdc2 -negative ones (61 months vs. 71 months, respectively. P = 0.027). Median progression-free survival was also almost the same for both p34 cdc2 -positive and p34 cdc2 -negative patients (44 months vs. 51 months, respectively. P = 0.011). Cox regression analysis showed that expression of EGFR and p34 cdc2 was independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland (relative risk = 13.199, 11.466, P < 0.001). In conclusion, HPV infection is not detected in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues. p53, p16, EGFR and p34 cdc2 protein are positively expressed in most salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues. p16 is unsuitable as a surrogate for HPV infection status in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland. Expression of EGFR and p34 cdc2 is independent risk factors in the prognosis of patients with salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Patients with EGFR or p34 cdc2 positive expression should be followed up closely., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2017.)

In 2009, an assessment of injection practices in Fumeng County (Liaoning Province) and Wulong County (Chongqing Municipality) (random sample of 29 hospitals, 40 village clinics and 400 villagers) was conducted and the results were compared with a prior 2001 assessment (same area, same WHO assessment tool). In 2009, all facilities in Fumeng and Wulong used new, disposable syringes compared with 34% in both counties in 2001. Moreover, 59% (95% CI 37-80%) and 74% (95% CI 55-94%) of providers in Fumeng and Wulong, respectively, collected used sharps safely compared with 33% (95% CI 20-45%) and 36% (95% CI 20-53%) in 2001. In Fumeng and Wulong, respectively, 5% (95% CI 0-15%) and 50% (95% CI 25-76%) of facilities discarded injection devices in the regular trash compared with 7% (95% CI 2-12%) and 64% (95% CI 47-80%) in 2001. Between 2001 and 2009, the annual average number of injections per person increased from 1.8 to 6.3 (95% CI 4.5-8.1) in Fumeng and was stable [3.4 and 3.1 (95% CI 1.9-4.3)] in Wulong. Overall, between 2001 and 2009, sterilisable injection devices disappeared and disposal practices improved. However, unsafe practices persisted, which should be improved. Use of injections to administer medications may be increasing and must be reduced.

Objective: One of the important reasons for male infertility is asthenozoospermia, for which there is no specific cure for the time being. The authors explored the clinical effect of L-carnitine for infertile males with asthenozoospermia., Methods: A total of 135 patients with asthenozoospermia were randomly divided into Groups A (n = 68) and B (n = 67), the former treated with L-carnitine (2 g/d) and vitamin E, while the latter with vitamin E only, both for 3 months. All the patients received semen analyses before and after the treatment, and were observed for adverse effects. The pregnancy rates of their wives were recorded., Results: Group A showed a significantly increased percentage of forward motile sperm after the treatment (45.4% +/- 11.1%) as compared with pretreatment (28.6% +/- 9.2%) (P < 0.01), but no statistically significant differences were found in sperm density and the percentage of the sperm of normal morphology (P > 0.05). The rate of pregnancy was significantly higher in Group A (31.1%) than in B (3.8%) after the treatment (P < 0.01). No adverse events were found during the treatment., Conclusion: L-carnitine, capable of significantly improving sperm motility and raising the rate of pregnancy, is a safe and effective therapeutic option for asthenozoospermia.

Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction for its protective effects on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)., Methods: The production of HO-1 was induced by hemoglobin (Hb) injection into oleic acid (OA) induced ARDS rats. Western blot and RT-PCR techniques were used to observe the induction of HO-1 in vivo. Both the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Combined with blood gas analysis and other indexes, the effect of HO-1 on ARDS could be clearly manifested., Results: The expression of HO-1 mRNA was increased significantly 16 h after Hb injection, and the protein expression of HO-1 was also obviously increased 24 h later (P < 0.01). The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-8 in both serum and BALF were significantly lower in Hb + OA group than in OA group (P < 0.01). Arterial blood PaO(2), oxygen saturation, and oxygenated index in Hb + OA group [(56.28 +/- 6.71) mm Hg, (79.53 +/- 5.82)%, and (258.81 +/- 29.37) mm Hg respectively] were higher than in OA group [(35.08 +/- 4.59) mm Hg, (55.80 +/- 12.76)%, and (167.86 +/- 21.94) mm Hg]. Lung wet and dry weight, and pathological changes were also improved., Conclusion: The production of HO-1 was successfully induced by hemoglobin in vivo. Protective effects of HO-1 on ARDS might be related to the decreasing in inflammatory factors, such as TNF-alpha and IL-8.

Measles incidence decreased dramatically following widespread use of measles vaccine in China in 1965. To evaluate continued progress in accelerated measles control, data on measles cases reported to the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System during 1991 to 2000 were analyzed. From 1991-1995 to 1996-2000, average annual measles incidence decreased from 9.0 to 5.7 cases per 100,000 population, mortality rates fell from <0.3 to 0.1 deaths per million population, and the percentage of China's total population residing in provinces with a measles incidence of <2 cases per 100,000 population and having a measles elimination goal increased from 21% to 29%. Incidence rates were highest in western provinces and in infants and young children. Additional attention must be focused on western provinces and toward ensuring that all infants are immunized. Achieving high routine two-dose coverage with measles vaccine and enforcing school entry requirements may be highly effective strategies to support further gains in measles control.