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Excessive environmental vibrations generated by urban traffic pose adverse effects on nearby structures and residents. These vibrations are predominantly carried by surface waves, which are localized within the surface layer of soil. The isolation of surface waves through the embedding of periodic wave barriers in soils between the source and the receiver has gained significant attention in recent years. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for isolating surface waves induced by urban traffic through the use of variable depth infilled trenches. This innovative design not only achieves efficient surface wave isolation but also minimizes the consumption of structural materials. Based on the measured dominant frequency range of rail transit and the available soil parameters, variable depth infilled trenches are designed with suitable dimensions. The eigenvalue equation is solved using the finite element method to derive the dispersion relations and bandgap of identical regularly spaced trenches. To study the efficacy of the proposed structure, a finite element model of the soil-infilled trench system is developed using COMSOL. The mechanism underlying the isolation of surface wave is elucidated, and the effect of variable angle α on the isolation efficiency within 40-50 Hz η 40-50Hz of surface waves is studied. The results of this study reveal that for variable angle α of 15°, the surface wave isolation efficiency within 40-50 Hz η 40-50Hz is 90.9 % and 92.5 % for uniformly increasing depth infilled trenches and uniformly decreasing depth infilled trenches, respectively. Although the surface wave isolation efficiencies predicted for the variable depth infilled trench arrangements are only 93.8 % and 95.5 % of those predicted for the regularly spaced identical infilled trenches, the variable depth arrangements result in a remarkable 34 % reduction in material usage. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed variable depth infilled trenches as a cost-effective and efficient solution for surface wave isolation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks (POMOFs) are highly effective heterogeneous catalysts that combine the catalytic activity of polyoxometalates (POMs) with the high surface area, tunable porosity, and structural diversity of MOFs. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a general method to integrate POMs with various transition metal-based building units into POMOFs under mild conditions. In this work, we employed imine bonds to link amino-functionalized Anderson-type POMs with aldehyde-terminated divalent metal clusters, resulting in a series of isostructural POMOFs, M(II)-POMOFs (M = Zn, Co, Mg, or Mn). Furthermore, we used post-synthetic metal exchange and oxidation to transform Zn-POMOF into Fe(III)-POMOF with strong Lewis acidic Fe 3+ sites. Notably, both the synthesis and post-synthetic modifications were performed under mild conditions (room temperature, acid-free), preventing the decomposition of the POMs. Compared to M(II)-POMOFs or MOFs without POMs, the combination of Lewis acidic Fe 3+ and POMs enhanced its catalytic activity for CO 2 cycloaddition with epoxides, enabling efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates. This versatile synthetic method could broaden the scope of POMOFs, extending their applications in catalysis and beyond.

Background: The evidence for optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in improving the prognosis of individuals with in-stent restenosis (ISR) is lacking., Methods and Results: This retrospective study enrolled 588 consecutive individuals with drug-eluting stent ISR undergoing PCI from March 2010 to March 2022. Two hundred seven (35.2%) underwent OCT guidance, and 381 (64.8%) underwent angiography guidance. Clinical outcomes were analyzed using survival curves. The primary clinical endpoint was 2-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and target-vessel revascularization. Compared with angiography guidance, OCT guidance demonstrated a higher frequency of drug-coated balloon use and adjunctive therapeutic modalities, including predilation, postdilation, nonslip element balloons, and noncompliant balloons ( P <0.05). Following PCI, the OCT-guided group achieved a significantly larger minimum lumen diameter (2.36 versus 2.15 mm, P <0.001) and a lower percentage diameter stenosis (17% versus 20%, P <0.001) than the angiography-guided group. Survival analysis revealed significantly lower 2-year MACEs in the OCT-guided group compared with the angiography-guided group (7% versus 15%, P =0.007), validated in the propensity matching analysis (7% versus 15%, P =0.001). Multiple sensitivity analyses showed that OCT-guided PCI treatment was an independent protective factor for 2-year MACEs in individuals with drug-eluting stent ISR., Conclusions: Compared with angiography guidance, OCT guidance is associated with a lower 2-year MACE risk among individuals with drug-eluting stent ISR. Therefore, OCT should be actively considered for guiding PCI treatment in individuals with drug-eluting stent ISR., Registration: Url: clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03809754.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as 2D carbon-based systems, have been recently the subject of intense studies, thanks to their optoelectronic properties and promising electronic performances. 2D carbon-based materials such as graphdiyne (GDY) represent an optimal platform for tuning the optoelectronic properties via precise chemical functionalization. Here, we report a synthetic strategy to precisely introduce cyano groups into the 2D GDY backbone in order to tune the electronic properties of GDY. Three kinds of cyano-modified GDY have been synthesized, namely, bearing one cyano group (CNGDY), two CN in meta ( m -CNGDY), and two in para ( p -CNGDY) positions. A variety of experimental data as well as first-principles calculations allowed us to elucidate the role of the cyano groups in tuning the structural and functional properties of GDYs. We found that an increase in the number of cyano groups reduces the interlayer spacing between GDY layers, increases the lithium adsorption amount, as well as impacts the lithium diffusion rate, while changes in meta- or para-position impact the energy band gap.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by inflammatory activity with distinct rhythmic fluctuations. However, the precise mechanisms governing these inflammatory rhythms remain elusive. Here, we explore the interaction between dietary patterns, gut microbiota diurnal oscillations, and the rhythmicity of RA in both collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and patients with RA and highlight the significance of dietary timing in modulating RA inflammatory rhythms linked to gut microbiota. Specifically, we discovered that Parabacteroides distasonis (P. distasonis) uses β-glucosidase (β-GC) to release glycitein (GLY) from the diet in response to daily nutritional cues, influencing RA inflammatory rhythms dependent on the sirtuin 5-nuclear factor-κB (SIRT5-NF-κB) axis. Notably, we validated the daily fluctuations of P. distasonis-β-GC-GLY in patients with RA through continuous sampling across day-night cycles. These findings underscore the crucial role of dietary timing in RA rhythmicity and propose potential clinical implications for novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate arthritis., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

RNA silencing negatively regulates gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels through DNA methylation, histone modification, mRNA cleavage, and translational inhibition. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of 21 to 24 nucleotides are processed from double-stranded RNAs by Dicer-like enzymes and play essential roles in RNA silencing in plants. Here, we demonstrated that ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM1 (AMP1) and its putative paralog LIKE AMP1 (LAMP1) impair RNA silencing by repressing the biogenesis of a subset of inverted repeat (IR)-derived siRNAs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). AMP1 and LAMP1 inhibit Pol II-dependent IR gene transcription by suppressing ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) protein levels. Genetic analysis indicates that AMP1 acts upstream of RNA polymerase IV subunit 1 (NRPD1), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2), and Dicer-Like 4 (DCL4), which are required for IR-induced RNA silencing. We also show that AMP1 and LAMP1 inhibit siRNA-mediated silencing in a different mechanism from AGO4 and DCL3. Together, these results reveal two previously unknown players in siRNA biogenesis from IRs - AGO1, which promotes IR transcription, and AMP1, which inhibits IR transcription indirectly through the repression of AGO1 expression., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and cognitive impairment. Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is one of the most common sequelae among stroke survivors, yet its underlying neural mechanisms remain largely unclear. The corpus callosum (CC) plays a crucial role in interhemispheric integration and hemispheric segregation, with changes in CC morphology potentially overlapping with the spectrum of PSCI. This study aimed to investigate the morphological changes in the CC and their diagnostic value in PSCI patients. Structural MRI, neurobehavioral, and clinical data were collected from 104 PSCI patients and 54 demographically matched healthy controls. Significant reductions in CC area, circularity, and genu thickness were observed in PSCI patients, with these changes strongly correlating with global cognitive function. Subgroup analysis revealed that CC circularity significantly decreased when lesions were located in the posterior circulation, while both CC area and circularity markedly decreased with anterior circulation lesions. Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses identified the midbody areas of the CC as having high diagnostic value, with area under the curve values of 0.748 and 0.746, respectively. Further validation analyses suggest that the transcallosal fibers in these CC subregions are connected to the premotor, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal system. These findings show that areal CC atrophy in PSCI patients, particularly in regions with transcallosal connections to the premotor cortex and frontoparietal network, parallels global cognitive impairment. This suggests that CC morphology may serve as a potential imaging marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of PSCI., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Climate mitigation policies have broad environmental and socioeconomic impacts and thus underpin progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through national-scale integrated modeling, we explore the spillover effects of China's long-term climate mitigation pathways (CMPs) on achieving all 17 SDGs, and then identify a cost-effective CMP for China with co-benefits for sustainability. Our analysis indicates that the 9 original CMPs and 180 bundled CMPs can both substantially boost the SDGs, resulting in an increase of 6.33-8.86 and 5.90-9.33 points in overall SDG score (0=no progress, 100=full achievement) by 2060, compared to the Reference pathway of 70.75 points, respectively. The identified cost-effective CMP deals with the trade-offs among sustainability, CO 2 emissions and mitigation cost, and maximizes the synergies between them. This CMP can inform future directions for China's policy-makers to maximize the potential synergies between carbon neutrality and long-term sustainable development., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Saline lakes, characterized by high salinity and limited nutrient availability, provide an ideal environment for studying extreme halophiles and their biogeochemical processes. The present study examined prokaryotic microbial communities and their ecological functions in lentic sediments (with the salinity gradient and time series) using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and a metagenomic approach. Our findings revealed a negative correlation between microbial diversity and salinity. The notable predominance of Archaea in high-salinity lakes signified a considerable alteration in the composition of the microbial community. The results indicate that elevated salinity promotes homogeneous selection pressures, causing substantial alterations in microbial diversity and community structure, and simultaneously hindering interactions among microorganisms. This results in a notable decrease in the complexity of microbial ecological networks, ultimately influencing the overall ecological functional responses of microbial communities such as carbon fixation, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism. Overall, our findings reveal salinity drives a notable predominance of Archaea, selects for species adapted to extreme conditions, and decreases microbial community complexity within saline lake ecosystems., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Phase gradient metagratings (PGMs) reshape the impinging wavefront though the interplay between the linear adjacent phase increment inside supercells and the grating diffraction of supercells. However, the adjacent phase increment is elaborately designed by tuning the resonance of each subcell at a certain target frequency, which inevitably confines PGMs to operate only at the single frequency in turn. We notice that there exists a freedom of phase choice with a multi-2π increment in a supercell of PGMs, whereas conventional designs focus on the 2π increment. This freedom can induce a collaborative mechanism of surface impedance matching and multi-wavelength subcells, enabling the design of PGMs at multi-wavelengths. We further design and fabricate a supercell consisting of eight curved pipes to construct the two-wavelengths PGMs. The linear adjacent phase gradient of 0.25π at the fundamental frequency 3430 Hz is achieved, while the almost perfect transmission effect is observed due to the impedance match at the ends of curved pipes. In addition, the transmission field at the double frequency 6860 Hz is measured, whose refraction direction is consistent with that at 3430 Hz. This design strategy originated from phase choice freedom in the supercell and the experimental fabrication might stimulate applications on other multi-wavelength metasurfaces/metagratings., (© 2024 Acoustical Society of America.)

Background: Hospital water systems represent critical environments for the transmission of pathogens, including multidrug-resistant strains like mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (M-PA). Conventional disinfection methods often struggle to eradicate these pathogens effectively, highlighting the need for innovative approaches., Objective: This study aimed to develop an enhanced photodynamic disinfection strategy targeting M-PA from hospital water systems, using curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) with specific spectral range., Methods: An M-PA strain isolated from hospital water was subjected to photodynamic treatment using curcumin as the photosensitizer. The efficacy of different wavelengths of light and varying concentrations of curcumin, with and without Tris-EDTA adjuvants, was evaluated through bacterial enumeration, ROS level measurements, transcriptome analysis, and assessment of virulence factors and biofilm formation. In vivo experiments utilizing a DSS-induced colitis mouse model assessed the protective effects of the photodynamic treatment against M-PA infection., Results: Our findings demonstrated that the combination of curcumin-mediated PDI with specific spectral range effectively reduced M-PA counts in water, particularly when supplemented with Tris-EDTA. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant downregulation of virulence-related genes under sublethal photodynamic conditions. Furthermore, photodynamic treatment inhibited pyocyanin production and biofilm formation in M-PA, highlighting its potential to disrupt pathogenicity mechanisms. In vivo experiments showed that PDI attenuated M-PA-induced colitis in mice, indicating its protective efficacy., Conclusion: This study presents a promising photodynamic disinfection strategy for combating M-PA from hospital water. By optimizing curcumin-mediated PDI with specific spectral range and adjuvants, our approach demonstrates substantial efficacy in reducing bacterial counts, inhibiting virulence factors, and preventing M-PA-associated colitis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Cold stress is a major abiotic stress that threatens maize (Zea mays L.) production worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance is crucial for breeding resilient maize varieties. Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) are a subfamily of aquaporins in plants. Here, we report that TIP family proteins are involved in maize cold tolerance. The expression of most TIP genes was responsive to cold stress. Overexpressing TIP2;1, TIP3;2 or TIP4;3 reduced the cold tolerance of maize seedlings, while loss-of-function mutants of TIP4;3 exhibited enhanced cold tolerance. Candidate gene-based association analysis revealed that a 328-bp transposon insertion in the promoter region of TIP4;3 was strongly associated with maize cold tolerance. This transposon insertion conferred cold tolerance by repressing TIP4;3 expression through increased methylation of its promoter region. Moreover, TIP4;3 was found to suppress stomatal closure and facilitate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under cold stress, thereby inhibiting the expression of cold-responsive genes, including DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 1 (DREB1) genes and a subset of peroxidase genes, ultimately attenuating maize cold tolerance. This study thus elucidates the mechanism underlying TIP-mediated cold tolerance and identifies a favourable TIP4;3 allele as a potential genetic resource for breeding cold-tolerant maize varieties., (© 2024 The Author(s). Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Imaging of mitophagy is of significance as aberrant mitophagy is engaged in multiple diseases. Mitophagy has been imaged with synthetic or biotic pH sensors by reporting pH acidification en route delivery into lysosomes. To circumvent uncertainty of acidity-dependent signals, we herein report an e nzyme-activatable probe c ovalently a ttached on m itochondrial inner membrane (ECAM) for signal-persist mitophagy imaging. ECAM is operated via ΔΨm-driven accumulation of Mito-proGreen in mitochondria and covalent linking of the trapped probe with azidophospholipids metabolically incorporated into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Upon mitophagy, ECAM is delivered into lysosomes and hydrolyzed by LNPEP/leucyl aminopeptidase, yielding turn-on green fluorescence that is immune to lysosomal acidity changes and stably retained in fixed cells. With ECAM, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) was identified as a highly potent inducer of mitophagy. Overcoming signal susceptibility of pH probes and liability of ΔΨm probes to dissipation from stressed mitochondria, ECAM offers an attractive tool to study mitophagy and mitophagy-inducing therapeutic agents. Abbreviations : Baf-A1, bafilomycin A 1 ; CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone; DBCO, dibenzocyclooctyne; ECAM, enzyme-activated probe covalently attached on mitochondrial inner membrane; GFP, green fluorescent protein; LAMP2, lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LNPEP/LAP, leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase; PMA, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate; ΔΨm, mitochondrial transmembrane potential; RFP, red fluorescent protein; TPP, triphenylphosphonium.

Vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCE), encompassing tidal marshes, mangroves, and seagrasses, serve as significant 'blue' carbon (C) sinks. Improving our understanding of VCE soils and their spatial and temporal dynamics is essential for conservation efforts. Conventional methods to characterise the dynamics and provenance of VCE soils and measure their total organic carbon (TOC) and inorganic carbon (TIC) contents are cumbersome and expensive. We recorded the mid-infrared (MIR) spectra and measured the TOC and TIC content of 323 subsamples across consistent depths from 106 soil core samples. Using the spectra of each VCE, we determined their mineral and organic composition by depth. We then used a regression tree algorithm, cubist, to model TOC and TIC contents. We rigorously validated the models to test their performance with a 10-fold cross-validation, bootstrapping, and a separate random test dataset. Our analysis revealed distinct mineralogical and organic MIR signatures in VCE soils that correlated with their position within the seascape. The spectra showed decreased clay minerals and increased quartz and carbonate with distance from freshwater inputs. The mineralogy of tidal marsh and mangrove soils differed with depth, showing larger absorptions due to carbonate and quartz and weakening clay minerals and organics absorptions. The mineralogy of the seagrass soils remained the same with depth. The cubist models to estimate TOC and TIC content were accurate (Lin's concordance correlation, ρ c ≥ 0.92 and 0.93 respectively) and interpretable, confirming our understanding of C in these systems. These findings shed light on the provenance of the soils and help quantify the flux and accumulation of TOC and TIC, which is crucial for informing VCE conservation. Moreover, our results indicate that MIR spectroscopy could help scale the measurements cost-effectively, for example, in carbon crediting schemes and to improve inventories. The approach will help advance blue C science and contribute to the conservation and protection of VCE., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The production and application of materials are evolving towards the low-dimensional micro-nano scale. Nevertheless, the fabrication of micron-scale alloy fibers remains a challenge. Herein, a novel Ni-Co-Cr-Fe-Mo high-entropy alloy (HEA) fiber with a cold-drawn reduction rate of 99.9995% and a strain (ɛ) of 12.19 is presented without requiring intermediate annealing. The exceptional deformation strain of 11.62 within the fiber leads to extraordinary tensile strengths of 2.8 GPa at room temperature and 3.6 GPa at 123 K. The in-depth investigation of the microstructure of fibers has revealed the cold drawing deformation mechanisms mediated by the synergistic effects of plane defects. Specifically, various geometrically necessary dislocation interfaces, such as dislocation walls and microbands, along with deformation twins and long-period 9R structures, form in response to external stress when ɛ≤2.7. As the strain increases, the saturated layered structure emerges and progressively evolves into a 3D equiaxed crystal. Moreover, the formation and evolution of the 9R structure (i.e., the migration of incoherent twin boundaries), coupled with the interaction of partial dislocations and the role of deformation twins, are crucial factors determining the fiber's plastic response. This work provides a novel approach to discovering new high-strength metallic fibers with excellent deformability through plane defects engineering., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Gleditsia sinensis Lam (Lamarck et al., 1788) is an endemic species widely distributed in China. In Sep. 2022, leaf spot symptoms were observed on G. sinensis in Xuhui district (31◦9'16''N, 121◦26'36''E), Shanghai, China, with an incidence rate of 55% in the examination of 9 trees. The leaves showed typical symptoms of anthracnose with irregular gray-brown spots and sunken areas. For isolation, 5 × 5 mm sections were cut from the lesion edge of 20 infected leaves collected from 2 trees. The surface of the sections was sterilized by immersion in 75% ethanol for 30 s, followed by 5% NaClO for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, and dried on sterile filter paper. These sections were placed on PDA plates incubated at 25°C in darkness. Eighteen isolates with similar colony morphology were obtained and purified by single spore culturing. Two isolates (YKY2301, 2302) from separate trees were further tested. On the 6 th day, the colonies had a diameter of 7.6 to 8.4 cm and appeared white to gray-white with aerial hyphae. The colony's central part exhibited an orange hue due to the conidia accumulation, while the undersides displayed an orange-yellow color. The hyphae were hyaline and smooth, with septa and branches, and the conidia were cylindrical with blunt to slightly rounded ends, measuring 13.1 to 18.8 (average 15.9) μm× 4.0 to 6.6 (average 5.4) μm (n=184). From conidia germinated on glass slides, the appressoria measured 5.5 to 6.3 μm ×4.9 to 5.1 μm (n=50) and were nearly spherical or elliptical in shape. These characteristics matched those of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (Cannon et al., 2012; Weir et al., 2012). For molecular identification, the genomic DNA was extracted using a modified CTAB method (Luo et al., 2012). Gene fragments including ITS (PP125667, PP125668), GAPDH (PP153428, PP153429), ACT (PP153424, PP153425), TUB2 (PP153917, PP190256), and ApMAT (PP153426, PP153427) were obtained by PCR using universal primers (Huang et al., 2022) and sequenced. The sequences exhibited 98.19% to 99.82% identity with the corresponding gene of the type strain C. gloeosporioides IMI356878 (JX010152, JX010056, JX009531, JX010445, JQ807843) in NCBI BLAST. A multilocus Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed based on concatenated the five genes by PhyloSuite. It showed that YKY2301, 2302 were on the same branch with C. gloeosporioides . Based on these results, the isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides . Pathogenicity tests were conducted by mycelial and conidia inoculation. 5 mm mycelial or blank agar plugs were inoculated onto the leaves of 2 healthy trees in a garden (25 to 30 °C), with and without wounds made by toothpick pricking (n≥3 per group). All mycelial inoculated leaves showed leaf spots on the 6 th day. Three healthy 2-year-old seedlings were inoculated with either conidia (10 8 conidia/ml) or water by leaf spray, and maintained in a climate chamber (27 °C, 80% humidity). Inoculated seedlings showed necrotic leaf spots on day 14, and wilted within 3 weeks. The controls in all tests remained asymptomatic. The pathogen has been re-isolated and confirmed by sequencing, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of leaf spots caused by C. gloeosporioides on G. sinensis in the world. As illustrated by the example of legume pod infection (Gerusa et al., 2019), it poses a potential threat to the fruits of G. sinensis , despite currently only affecting their ornamental value. This report provides basic information for future research.

A design strategy has been proposed to utilize structure-driven solution and solid-state fluorescence emission of polynitrogen atoms. The strategy uses benzimidazole as the electron donor and pyridine as the electron acceptor to construct D-A-type cyanopyridine ethylene molecules. Theoretical calculations reveal that compound 1 has energy-close isomers in dilute solutions, with planar conformation in S 0 and S 1 states, reducing molecular motion and thus enhancing radiation efficiency (quantum yield up to 42.7%). Conversely, the distorted cyanobenzene structure reduces the quenching effect of π-π stacking alignment, and hydrogen bonding between molecules limits molecular vibration and rotation, ultimately leading to strong emission in the solid state (quantum yield up to 27.4%). These dual-state luminescence systems have wide-ranging potential applications in information encryption and temperature sensors.

Background: Bladder cancer exhibits substantial heterogeneity encompassing genetic expressions and histological features. This heterogeneity is predominantly attributed to alternative splicing (AS) and AS-regulated splicing factors (SFs), which, in turn, influence bladder cancer development, progression, and response to treatment., Objective: This study aimed to explore the immune landscape of aberrant AS in bladder cancer and establish the prognostic signatures for survival prediction., Methods: Bladder cancer-related RNA-Seq, transcriptome, and corresponding clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify significantly enriched pathways of cancer-related AS events. The underlying interactions among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and cancer-related AS events were assessed by a protein-protein interaction network. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify crucial prognostic DEGs that co-occurred with cancer-related AS events (DEGAS) for overall survival. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was used to assess the efficiency of the prognostic signatures. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to explore the abundance of immune infiltrating cells., Results: A total of 3755 cancer-related AS events and 3110 DEGs in bladder cancer were identified. Among them, 379 DEGs co-occurred with cancer-related AS events (DEGAS), of which 102 DEGAS were associated with 14 dysregulated SFs. GSEA and KEGG analysis showed that cancer-related AS events were predominantly enriched in pathways related to immunity, tumorigenesis, and treatment difficulties of bladder cancer. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified 8 DEGAS (CABP1, KCNN2, TNFRSF13B, PCDH7, SNRPA1, APOLD1, CX3CL1, and DENND5A) significantly associated with OS, and they were further integrated into the prediction model with good AUCs at 3-year, 5-year and 7-year ROC curves (all>0.7). Immune infiltration analysis revealed the significant enrichment of three immune cell types (B cells naïve, dendritic cells resting, and dendritic cell activated) in high-risk bladder cancer patients., Conclusion: This study not only unveiled comprehensive prognostic signatures of AS events in bladder cancer but also established a robust prognostic model based on survival-related DEGAS. These aberrant AS events, dysregulated SFs, and the identified 8 DEGAS may have significant clinical potential as therapeutic targets for bladder cancer., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

An electrochemical cyclization/spirocyclization hydroarylation via reductive dearomatization of a series of nonactivated arenes including N -substituted indoles, indole-3-carboxamide derivatives, and iodo-substituted benzamides is described. This protocol boasts high atom efficiency, broad substrate applicability, and excellent selectivity. Utilizing a simple undivided cell, various nonactivated arenes undergo cyclization/spirocyclization through the intramolecular addition of aryl radicals to an aromatic ring, yielding 50 indolines, spirocyclizative hydroarylation products, and phenanthridinones.

Despite continuous expansion of the RNA binding protein (RBP) world, there is a lack of systematic understanding of RBPs in the mammalian testis, which harbors one of the most complex tissue transcriptomes. We adapted RNA interactome capture to mouse male germ cells, building an RBP atlas characterized by multiple layers of dynamics along spermatogenesis. Trapping of RNA-cross-linked peptides showed that the glutamic acid-arginine (ER) patch, a residue-coevolved polyampholytic element present in coiled coils, enhances RNA binding of its host RBPs. Deletion of this element in NONO (non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein) led to a defective mitosis-to-meiosis transition due to compromised NONO-RNA interactions. Whole-exome sequencing of over 1000 infertile men revealed a prominent role of RBPs in the human genetic architecture of male infertility and identified risk ER patch variants.

The kiwifruit canker disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) seriously threatens the development of kiwifruit industry. So far, only a limited number of Psa-resistant kiwifruit varieties have been identified, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the Psa resistance of six hybrid populations and screened a resistant segregation population R 1 F 2 . Then, transcriptome analysis on the Psa extremely high-resistant (HR) and extremely high-susceptible (HS) plants of the R 1 F 2 population was performed. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction pathways, including auxin, abscisic acid, zeatin, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid. Furthermore, several transcription factors (TFs), especially WRKY TFs, were identified among the DEGs. The qRT-PCR showed that AcWRKY75 was highly expressed in the HS plants. Additionally, AcWRKY75 was significantly induced in the HS cultivar 'Hongyang' after Psa inoculation. Sequence amplification analysis showed that there was polymorphism in the DNA sequence of AcWRKY75 gene, but no HR or HS-specific differences were observed. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity analysis confirmed that AcWRKY75 functions as a nucleus-located transcriptional activator. Transient overexpression of AcWRKY75 in kiwifruit leaves reduced the resistance to Psa, while silencing AcWRKY75 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) slightly enhanced the resistance to Psa. Furthermore, AcWRKY75 exhibited a weak interaction with the promoter of the ABA-related DEG AcBet V1 (Acc27163). Our findings elucidated that AcWRKY75 may negatively regulate the Psa resistance of kiwifruit through the hormone signaling pathway, which laid a foundation for the analysis of the disease resistance mechanism of kiwifruit canker., Competing Interests: Author QiC was employed by the company Chibi Shenshan Xingnong Technology Co. LTD. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ye, Luo, Wang, Yu, Wang, Bai, Luo, Li, Huang, Peng, Chen, Chen, Gao and Zhang.)

Objectives: To determine the agreement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigen-based skin test (TBST) with interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) in elderly individuals aged ≥ 65 years beyond instruction for use in China., Methods: Based on the baseline survey of randomized controlled trial with objective to explore suitable regimen for tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment, MTB infection was tested using TBST and IGRA in parallel in rural residents aged 50-70 years by means of a cross-sectional study design., Results: A total of 21219 participants with both TBST and IGRA results were included in this analysis. The concordance between TBST and IGRA was 89.4% (95%CI: 89.0 - 89.8%) with a kappa coefficient of 0.61 (95%CI: 0.60 - 0.62). In those aged ≥ 65 years, the concordance was 86.5% (95%CI: 85.6 - 87.4%) with a kappa coefficient of 0.55 (95%CI: 0.52 - 0.58). 21.2% (35/165) of the participants with indeterminate IGRA results were TBST positive, and 9 of them aged ≥ 65 years., Conclusions: The consistent agreement between TBST and IGRA in individuals aged ≥ 65 years suggests that TBST has potential to be used in the elderly with age beyond instruction for use in China. The respective diagnostic performance of each test will be analyzed when the longitudinal data on incident TB be obtained in the future., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest All co-authors declare that we have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are emerging as powerful candidate for grid-oriented energy storage owing to their potentially low cost. Carbon is considered the promising anode for PIBs on the basis of its high conductivity and abundant sources. The biggest challenge confronted by carbon anodes lies in insufficient cycle life as well as rate capability, resulting from the limited interlayer spacing of the sp 2 -hybrid carbon incompatible with the large-radius potassium. Herein, a biomass-derived carbon with a large interlayer spacing of 0.44 nm is fabricated via a zinc-assisted pyrolysis synthesis. The unique structure endows the carbon with superior capacity, rate capability, and cycle durability. The large interlayer spacing of carbons can promote fast potassium diffusion and alleviate the volume expansion during potassiation, conferring those rate capabilities and cycleability. The interconnected network structure is also able to shorten both the transport distances of electrons and ions. The demonstration exemplifies an advanced carbon for anodes of PIBs for energy storage applications., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Weizmannia coagulans has been shown to have anticancer properties. However, there is limited research on the effects of postbiotic W. coagulans on colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, the exact mechanisms through which it influences apoptosis- and autophagy-related signaling pathways are yet to be thoroughly elucidated. This study explored the role of W. coagulans MZY531 as a postbiotic in inhibiting tumor growth by modulating apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. During the experimental period in the model group, tumors proliferated, tumor markers increased significantly, and immunofluorescence results showed that caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling were significantly decreased. Conversely, supplementation with W. coagulans MZY531 postbiotics significantly reduced the levels of tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, colon cancer antigen, and extracellular protein kinase A and promoted cell apoptosis by increasing the caspase-3-positive count and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells in tumor tissue. Mechanistically, W. coagulans MZY531 postbiotics inhibit tumor growth through the modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 and JAK2/STAT3 apoptosis pathways and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β/SMAD4 cell autophagy pathways. W. coagulans MZY531 postbiotics had a more significant effect than that of W. coagulans MZY531 alone. Probiotics are expected to become effective natural functional foods for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins play key roles in development by repressing thousands of targets through histone modifications. However, how PcG is recruited to specific targets is poorly understood. In Arabidopsis, certain noncoding RNAs are necessary for recruiting the PcG protein CURLY LEAF (CLF) to its target sites. However, RNAs associated with CLF have not been analyzed on a genomic scale; thus, it is unknown whether long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated PcG recruitment is a widespread mechanism. Here, we systematically searched for CLF-associated RNAs by RNA immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing. We identified 1,299 genic and 138 intergenic regions that produced CLF-associated mRNAs and putative lncRNAs, respectively. The genes producing CLF-associated RNAs are depleted in PcG targets, carry active chromatin marks, and are highly expressed, suggesting that CLF may have a nonspecific or promiscuous RNA-binding affinity, similar to animal PcG proteins. Notably, a significant portion of the CLF-associated lncRNAs is derived from the nuclear mitochondrial sequence, which is extensively marked by H3K27me3. These findings indicate that, while CLF-RNA interactions are widespread, they may not always correlate with PcG target sites, highlighting the complexity of PcG recruitment mechanisms in Arabidopsis., Competing Interests: DECLARATION OF COMPETING INTERESTS The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose. ORCID Lei Gao: 0000-0002-6488-0292. Yun Ju Kim: 0000-0003-4284-9144. Hyun Suh Chang: 0009-0007-4716-0115., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The no-reflow phenomenon is a significant complication during excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) procedures, which can lead to adverse outcomes. This study explores the efficacy of intracoronary administration of a cocktail solution comprising nitroglycerin, heparin, and verapamil on preventing no-reflow during ELCA in patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR)., Methods: This study included patients undergoing ELCA with contrast infusion for ISR. Based on whether receiving the intracoronary cocktail solution during ELCA, participants were divided into two groups: the cocktail (+) group and the cocktail (-) group. The primary endpoint was the incidence of no-reflow, which was defined as the cessation of blood flow into the distal coronary artery in the absence of a clear angiographic explanation for impairment of flow., Results: A total of 54 lesions in 51 patients were included. The mean age of the study population was 61.8 ± 9.7 years, with 84.3 % male. Baseline clinical characteristics were well-balanced. The incidence of no-reflow was significantly lower in the cocktail (+) group compared to the cocktail (-) group (0 % vs. 17.9 %, P = 0.024). No cases of hypotension, major bleeding or coronary perforation in either group. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 6-month were no significant difference between the groups (4.0 % vs. 3.8 %, P = 0.977)., Conclusions: The pilot study suggests that intracoronary administration of a cocktail comprising heparin, nitroglycerin, and verapamil may reduce the incidence of no-reflow during ELCA in patients with ISR. However, given the limited sample size and the non-randomized design, these findings should be considered hypothesis-generating. Future validation needs to be confirmed through multicenter studies with larger sample sizes., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging has been proven effective for quantifying the extent of prolapse. The pubococcygeal line is used universally as a reference line in measuring pelvic organ prolapse; however, it focuses solely on 3 lowest points in the anterior, middle, and posterior pelvic compartments, without taking into account other pelvic floor structures and their interactions., Objective: This study aimed to introduce and validate the area under the pubococcygeal line, a novel measurement method for evaluating pelvic organ prolapse, to examine its correlation with clinical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification staging, and assess its reliability across different raters., Study Design: This study recruited 225 women who underwent evaluations involving both magnetic resonance imaging measurements and clinical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification staging. A comprehensive statistical approach involving descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, reliability assessment, and ordinal logistic regression analysis was adopted to evaluate the applicability and reliability of the area under the pubococcygeal line measurement., Results: Analysis of participant characteristics across different Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stages revealed a significant association between increased values of the area under the pubococcygeal line and severity of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification staging. Correlation analysis was performed to identify and quantify the strength of the associations between the variables. The area under the pubococcygeal line showed a strong positive correlation with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stages (Spearman's r=0.878, P<.001), outperforming the pubococcygeal line grades (Spearman's r=0.777, P<.001). Reliability assessments yielded excellent intra- and interrater reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient values of 0.980 and 0.906, respectively. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between these variables and pelvic organ prolapse severity, highlighting significant associations between the area under the pubococcygeal line and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stages., Conclusion: The area under the pubococcygeal line measurement method is a novel and comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging technique for evaluating pelvic organ prolapse. This method strongly correlates with clinical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stages and exhibits excellent intra- and interrater reliability, holding a potential for enhanced diagnostic accuracy, optimized treatment strategies, and improved patient outcomes., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Acute leukemia (AL) is a rare yet perilous malignancy. Currently, the primary treatment for AL involves combination chemotherapy as the cornerstone of comprehensive measures, alongside hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a radical approach. However, despite these interventions, mortality rates remain high, particularly among refractory/recurrent patients or elderly individuals with a poor prognosis. Acetylation, a form of epigenetic regulation, has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for treating AL. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of acetylation regulation as a novel treatment pathway. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) play a pivotal role in modulating the differentiation and development of tumor cells through diverse pathways, simultaneously impacting the maturation and function of lymphocytes. HDACis demonstrate promise in enhancing survival rates and achieving a complete response in both acute myeloid leukemia and acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia patients. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in HDACi therapy for AL, shedding light on its potential implications for clinical practice., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (© The Author(s), 2024.)

Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of school adaptation in the impact of adolescent bullying victimization on mental health, as well as the gender differences therein. These findings offer a novel perspective for parents and educators, aiding bullied adolescents in managing and addressing mental health concerns., Methods: The primary data source for this study was the 2020/2021 Adolescent Health Theme Database from the China Population Health Data Center (PHDA). The research sample consisted of high school students from 16 cities in Shandong Province. Descriptive statistics, reliability and validity testing, structural equation modeling, as well as mediation analysis and multiple group analysis were conducted using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0., Results: School adaptation serves as a mediating variable between adolescent bullying and mental health. The model fit indices are as follows: GFI=0.946, AGFI=0.922, RMSEA=0.070, NFI=0.978, IFI=0.979, CFI=0.97. Even when considering gender, the model still demonstrates good fit. School bullying has significant negative effects on the mental health of both male and female victims (p<0.05). For female victims, the mitigating effect of school adaptation on mental health is slightly lower than that for males (-2.256). Regarding cyberbullying, male victims face a greater threat to mental health (-3.234), with a impact of -0.109 from cyberbullying on male mental health and -0.065 from school bullying on female mental health., Conclusion: The school is found to mediate between school bullying, cyberbullying, and mental health. Schools may play a greater role in improving female mental health than male mental health. The impact of campus bullying on female mental health is greater than that of cyberbullying, whereas the opposite is true for males. Enhancing adolescents' school adaptation levels helps mitigate the adverse effects of school and cyberbullying on adolescent mental health., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Zhang et al.)

Peat moss (Sphagnum) is a non-vascular higher plant with unique xylem-like hyaline (H) cells that are accompanied by photosynthetic chlorophyllous cells. These cellular structures play crucial roles in water storage and carbon sequestration. However, it is largely unknown how peat moss develops the H cells. This study systematically explored the Sphagnum Developmental Cell Atlas and Lineage and classified leaf cell development into two lineages with six stages (S0-S5) based on changes in key cellular traits, including the formation of spiral secondary cell walls (S4) and the presence of water pores (S5). Cell lineage-specific subcellular remodeling was transcriptionally regulated during leaf development, and vacuole-mediated clearance of organelles and cell death led to mature dead H cells. Interestingly, expression of land plant conserved Vascular-related NAC Domain (VND) genes correlated with H cell formation. Overall, these results suggest that the origination of xylem-like H cells is related to VND, likely through the neofunctionalization of vacuole-mediated cell death to attempt xylem formation in peat moss, suggesting potential uncoupling of xylem and phloem cell origins. This study positions peat moss as a potential model organism for studying integrative evolutionary cell biology., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The glymphatic system, a physiological pathway recently identified, has attracted considerable attention for its potential role in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. Despite significant research efforts, the exact contribution of the glymphatic system to alcohol use disorder (AUD) remains largely elusive. This study was a secondary analysis by analyzing a subset of the original data to examine changes in the ALPS index and determine its association with cognitive abilities in individuals with AUD., Methods: We recruited 40 individuals with AUD and 40 healthy controls (HC). All subjects underwent MRI scans and clinical cognitive scale assessments. Diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index was used to estimate the differences in glymphatic activity between both groups, and linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between ALPS index and cognitive performance measures., Results: A statistically significant difference in the ALPS index was observed between both groups (p < 0.001), with the AUD group showing statistically lower ALPS index compared with the HC group (p < 0.001). Additionally, a positive correlation was identified between the ALPS index and MoCA/MMSE scores, indicating that higher ALPS index is indicative of better cognitive performance in individuals with AUD., Conclusions: The findings of this study provide evidence of ALPS index in individuals with AUD and establish a link between the ALPS index and the cognitive impairments observed in AUD patients. These findings might suggest the importance of glymphatic activity in the emergence of cognitive deficits among those impacted by AUD, but a stronger link between ALPS index and glymphatic system is needed to better understand the relationship between glymphatic function and healthy outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Solid electrolytes (SEs) in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are garnering considerable attention for their potential applications in next-generation energy storage systems. Amorphous SEs with dual-anion hold great promise for achieving favorable performance, such as high ionic conductivity and good compatibility with electrodes within ASSBs. Here, we discover a family of amorphous nitride-halide SEs, Li 3x MCl y N x (M=Ta or La, 1≤3x≤1.4, y=5 or 3), which can achieve ionic conductivities up to 7.34 mS cm -1 at 30 °C. The amorphous properties and local structures are investigated using powder X-ray diffraction, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and atomic pair distribution function analysis. Impressively, ASSBs employing amorphous Li 3x TaCl 5 N x have demonstrated good performance at high rates and charging voltages, as well as at low temperature., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Strain DM2021935 T representing a novel Acinetobacter species was isolated from a spoiled bath lotion in Guangdong, China. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis, strain DM2021935 T was closely related to 'Acinetobacter thutiue' VNH17 T , Acinetobacter junii CIP 64.5  T , and Acinetobacter tibetensis Y-23  T . Cells of strain DM2021935 T were Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, strictly aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, α-hemolytic, and non-motile. Strain DM2021935 T exhibited growth in 1-3% (w/v) NaCl at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37 °C and tolerated pH levels from 6.0 to 8.0. The predominant fatty acids in strain DM2021935 T are C 12:0 , C 16:0 , C 18:1 ω9c, and summed feature 3. Polar lipid profiles included glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. The identified respiratory quinones were ubiquinone Q-8 and Q-9. The genomic size of DM2021935 T comprised 4.15 Mb, consisting of one chromosome (3,827,633 bp) and two plasmids (241,357 and 83,010 bp). The G + C content was 41.8%. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain DM2021935 T and phylogenetically related type strains were below the species delineation thresholds (72.2-95.4, 53.1-87.0, and 20.4-66.4%, respectively). AntiSMASH analysis identified four gene clusters: non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, non-alpha poly-amino group acids, YcaO cyclodehydratase, and aryl polyene biosynthesis. Based on genotypic data, strain DM2021935 T represents a novel species within the genus Acinetobacter. The proposed name for the novel species is Acinetobacter corruptisaponis sp. nov. (type strain DM2021935 T  = KCTC 92772  T  = GDMCC 1.3703  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-24-921/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

An aerobic, Gram-stain negative bacterium was isolated from sediment samples of Barkol salt lake in Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, with the number EGI&#95;FJ10229 T . The strain is ellipse-shaped, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, and has white, round, smooth, opaque colonies on marine 2216 E agar plate. Growth occurs at 4.0-37.0 ℃ (optimal:30.0 ℃), pH 7.0-9.0 (optimal: pH 8.0) and NaCl concentration of 0-8.0% (optimal: 3.0%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that the isolated strain should be assigned to the genus Aquibaculum and was most closely related to Aquibaculum arenosum CAU 1616  T . Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and Average amino-acid identity (AAI) values between the type species of the genus Aquibaculum and other related type species were lower than the threshold values recommended for bacterial species. The genomic DNA G + C content of EGI&#95;FJ10229 T was 65.41%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids (> 5%) were C 19:0 cyclo ω8c (42.0%) and C 18:1 ω7c (33.78%). The respiratory quinone identified was Q-10. Differential phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of this strain and species of genus Aquibaculum showed that the strain should be classified as representing a new species belonging to this genus, for which the name Aquibaculum sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel species is EGI&#95;FJ10229 T (= KCTC 8570  T  = GDMCC 1.4598  T )., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Marine thermal fluctuation profoundly influences energy metabolism, physiology, and survival of marine life. In the present study, short-term and long-term high-temperature stresses were found to affect gluconeogenesis by inhibiting PEPCK activity in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), which is a globally distributed species that encounters significant marine thermal fluctuations in intertidal zones worldwide. CgCREBL2, a key molecule in the regulation of gluconeogenesis, plays a critical role in the transcriptional regulation of PEPCK in gluconeogenesis against high-temperature stress. CgCREBL2 was able to increase the transcription of CgPEPCK by either binding the promoter of CgPEPCK gene or activating CgPGC-1α and CgHNF-4α after short-term (6 h) high-temperature stress, while only by binding CgPEPCK after long-term (60 h) high-temperature stress. These findings will further our understanding of the effect of marine thermal fluctuation on energy metabolism on marine organisms., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective To explore the risk factors for the returning of pediatric liver transplant recipients to the intensive care unit (ICU) and provide reference for the clinical decision-making after surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted with the information of all the pediatric patients who underwent liver transplantation in Ren Ji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and were returned to the ICU from 2019 to 2021.The patients returned to the ICU during hospitalization and the reasons for the return were recorded.Each patient of ICU return was matched with three pediatric patients who did not return to the ICU during hospitalization.The basic information,the vital signs and laboratory indicators on the day of transfer from ICU,immunosuppressants and drug concentrations were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors for the returning of pediatric liver transplant recipients to the ICU. Results The returning rate of pediatric liver transplant recipients to the ICU was 4.36%,and it was 16.00% within 48 h.The main reasons for the return included respiratory complications,abdominal infections,and hepatic vascular occlusion.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that post-operative red blood cell transfusion ( OR =4.554,95% CI =1.743-11.901, P =0.002) and high serum level of uric acid ( OR =1.005,95% CI =1.001-1.009, P =0.014) were the risk factors for returning to the ICU.High diastolic blood pressure ( OR =0.922,95% CI =0.885-0.960, P <0.001) and high total protein level ( OR =0.937,95% CI =0.891-0.986, P =0.012) were the protective factors for returning to the ICU. Conclusion Post-operative red blood cell transfusion and high serum level of uric acid are independent risk factors for the returning of pediatric liver transplant recipients to the ICU.

Charge carriers in the soft and polar perovskite lattice form so-called polaron quasiparticles, charge carriers dressed with a lattice deformation. The spatial extent of a polaron is governed by the material's electron-phonon interaction strength, which determines charge carrier effective mass, mobility, and the so-called Mott polaron density, that is, the maximum stable density of charge carriers that a perovskite can support. Despite its significance, controlling polaron dimensions has been challenging. Here, experimental substantial tuning of polaron dimensions is reported by lattice engineering, through Pb/Sn substitution in CH 3 NH 3 Sn x Pb 1-x I 3 . The polaron dimension is deduced from the Mott polaron density, which can be composition-tuned over an order of magnitude, while charge carrier mobility occurs through band transport, and remains substantial across all compositions, ranging from 10 s to 100 s cm 2  V s -1 at room temperature. The effective modulation of polaron size can be understood by considering the bond asymmetry after carrier injection as well as the random spatial distribution of Pb/Sn ions. This study underscores the potential for tailoring polaron dimensions, which is crucial for optimizing applications prioritizing either high charge carrier density or high mobility., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Magnetron-sputtered thermoelectric thin films have the potential for reproducibility and scalability. However, lattice mismatch during sputtering can lead to increased defects in the epitaxial layer, which poses a significant challenge to improving their thermoelectric performance. In this work, nanocrystalline n-type Bi 2 Te 3 thin films with an average grain size of ≈110 nm are prepared using high-temperature sputtering and post-annealing. Herein, it is demonstrated that high-temperature treatment exacerbates Te evaporation, creating Te vacancies and electron-like effects. Annealing improves crystallinity, increases grain size, and reduces defects, which significantly increases carrier mobility. Furthermore, the pre-deposited Ti additives are ionized at high temperatures and partially diffused into Bi 2 Te 3 , resulting in a Ti doping effect that increases the carrier concentration. Overall, the 1 µm thick n-type Bi 2 Te 3 thin film exhibits a room temperature resistivity as low as 3.56 × 10 -6 Ω∙m. Notably, a 5 µm thick Bi 2 Te 3 thin film achieves a record power factor of 6.66 mW mK -2 at room temperature, which is the highest value reported to date for n-type Bi 2 Te 3 thin films using magnetron sputtering. This work demonstrates the potential for large-scale of high-quality Bi 2 Te 3 -based thin films and devices for room-temperature TE applications., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Drought stress poses a substantial challenge to plant growth and agricultural productivity worldwide. Upon water depletion, plants activate an abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, leading to stomatal closure to reduce water loss. The MYB family of transcription factors plays diverse roles in growth, development, stress responses, and biosynthesis, yet their involvement in stomatal regulation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ABA significantly upregulates the expression of MYB41, MYB74, and MYB102, with MYB41 serving as a key regulator that induces the expression of both MYB74 and MYB102. Through luciferase assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we reveal that MYB41 engages in positive feedback regulation by binding to its own promoter, thus amplifying its transcription in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Furthermore, our investigation showed that MYB41 recruits BRAHMA (BRM), the core ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, to the MYB41 promoter, facilitating the binding of HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6). This recruitment triggers epigenetic modifications, resulting in reduced MYB41 expression characterized by elevated H3K27me3 levels and concurrent decreases in H3ac, H3K27ac, and H3K14ac levels in wild-type plants compared to brm knockout mutant plants. Our genetic and molecular analyses show that ABA mediates autoregulation of the MYB41-BRM module, which intricately modulates stomatal movement in A. thaliana. This discovery sheds light on a drought response mechanism with the potential to greatly enhance agricultural productivity., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs), belonging to the acyl-activating enzyme superfamily, play crucial roles in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid catabolism. Here, we identified 11 LACS genes in the tomato reference genome, and these genes were clustered into six subfamilies. Gene structure and conserved motif analyses indicated that LACSs from the same subfamily shared conserved gene and protein structures. Expression analysis revealed that SlLACS1 was highly expressed in the outer epidermis of tomato fruits and leaves. Subcellular localization assay results showed that SlLACS1 was located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Compared with wild-type plants, the wax content on leaves and fruits decreased by 22.5-34.2 % in SlLACS1 knockout lines, confirming that SlLACS1 was involved in wax biosynthesis in both leaves and fruits. Water loss, chlorophyll extraction, water-deficit, and toluidine blue assays suggested that cuticle permeability was elevated in SlLACS1 knockout lines, resulting in reduction in both drought stress resistance and fruit shelf-life. Overall, our analysis of the LACSs in tomato, coupled with investigations of SlLACS1 function, yielded a deeper understanding of the evolutionary patterns of LACS members and revealed the involvement of SlLACS1 in wax accumulation contribute to drought resistance and extended fruit shelf-life in tomato., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Developing an intracellular delivery system is of key importance in the expansion of protein-based therapeutics acting on cytosolic or nuclear targets. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been exploited as next-generation delivery modalities due to their natural role in intercellular communication and biocompatibility. However, fusion of protein of interest to a scaffold represents a widely used strategy for cargo enrichment in EVs, which could compromise the stability and functionality of cargo. Herein, we report intracellular delivery via EV-based approach (IDEA) that efficiently packages and delivers native proteins both in vitro and in vivo without the use of a scaffold. As a proof-of-concept, we applied the IDEA to deliver cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), an innate immune sensor. The results showed that cGAS-carrying EVs activated interferon signaling and elicited enhanced antitumor immunity in multiple syngeneic tumor models. Combining cGAS EVs with immune checkpoint inhibition further synergistically boosted antitumor efficacy in vivo. Mechanistically, scRNA-seq demonstrated that cGAS EVs mediated significant remodeling of intratumoral microenvironment, revealing a pivotal role of infiltrating neutrophils in the antitumor immune milieu. Collectively, IDEA, as a universal and facile strategy, can be applied to expand and advance the development of protein-based therapeutics., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Higher Education Press.)

The blood glucose concentration in aquatic organisms, a crucial indicator reflecting their health status, holds significant importance for detecting glucose levels in serum in terms of processing and quality monitoring. In this study, a novel POD biomimetic enzyme (p-BEs) with horseradish peroxidase catalytic properties was designed, optimized, and its mechanism was discussed in detail. Based on this, a portable system has been developed capable of determining glucose levels in three ways: quantitatively analyzed through UV-Vis/MD, quantitatively analyzed on-site using a mobile phone RGB, and semi-quantitatively analyzed through a drip plate. Meanwhile, compared with other catalytic methods for detecting glucose, we achieved a lower limit of detection (0.03 μM) and shorter detection time (12 min), with high catalytic activity. This study provides new insights into the design of efficient and reliable cascade catalytic systems responsive to glucose, offering a low-cost, simplicity of operation method for glucose detection., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Career crafting offers a new approach for individuals to cope with changing career situations. However, few studies have focused on personality-related antecedents that stably predict career proactivity. Additionally, as individuals' careers are embedded in various social relationships, career crafting involves significant social interaction. Our study focuses on gratitude, which is related to social interaction, suggesting that gratitude fosters an appreciation for interpersonal relationships, providing a beneficial impetus for career crafting. A quantitative approach was adopted with a three-wave survey with 825 responses, and SPSS 26 and Mplus 8.3 were used as the analytical software for confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and path analysis. We conducted an empirical examination employing a moderated mediation model grounded in the framework of proactive motivation. The results revealed a positive correlation between gratitude and career crafting, with prosocial motivation mediating this relationship. Simultaneously, intrinsic motivation moderated the relationship between prosocial motivation and career crafting. Our study emphasizes gratitude's role in career crafting and explores how it, along with prosocial motivations, drives proactive behaviors, responding to calls for relational work redesign and examining interactions between intrinsic and prosocial motivations in careers. It has important practical implications for individuals, organizations, and career counselors.