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Proton boron capture therapy (PBCT) has emerged from particle acceleration research for enhancing the biological effectiveness of proton therapy. The mechanism responsible for the dose increase was supposed to be related to proton-boron fusion reactions ( 11 B + p → 3α + 8.7 MeV). There has been some experimental evidence that the biological efficiency of protons is significantly higher for boron-11-containing prostate or breast cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitizing potential of sodium borocaptate (BSH) under proton irradiation at the Bragg peak of cultured glioma cells. To address this problem, cells of two glioma lines were preincubated with 80 or 160 ppm boron-11, irradiated both at the middle of 200 MeV beam Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) and at the distal end of the 89.7 MeV beam SOBP and assessed for the viability, as well as their ability to form colonies. Our results clearly show that BSH provides for only a slight, if any, enhancement of the effect of proton radiation on the glioma cells in vitro. In addition, we repeated the experiments using the Du145 prostate cancer cell line, for which an increase in the biological efficiency of proton irradiation in the presence of sodium borocaptate was demonstrated previously. The data presented add new argument against the efficiency of proton boron capture therapy when based solely on direct dose-enhancement effect by the proton capture nuclear reaction, underlining the need to investigate the indirect effects of the secondary alpha irradiation depending on the state and treatment conditions of the irradiated tissue., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of weather and climatic factors of the South Coast of Crimea (SCC) on the effectiveness of health resort medical rehabilitation (MR) of patients with arterial hypertension (AH)., Material and Methods: One hundred and thirty-four patients with AH were examined. The effect of weather and climatic factors of the SCC was assessed using the methods of Modified Clinical Weather Pathogenicity Index (CWPI-M, developed at the I.M. Sechenov Institute) and assessment of medical rehabilitation according to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) criteria., Results: The regression equations for the change of ICF domains b2401, b420, b4301, b4552, d240 and the change of mean values of all domains depending on air temperature and humidity, wind velocity, amount of clouds, variability of air temperature, and atmospheric pressure were developed. The equations permit the generation of reliable rehabilitation prognosis for patients with AH for all terms of health resort care at the SCC., Conclusions: The use of CWPI-M makes it possible to form a rehabilitation prognosis for patients with AH based on certain ICF domains. The best rehabilitation prognosis for the SCC resorts is for the warm period of the year.

A scientific review is devoted to the study of the coastal climate in the resort treatment role of patients with chronic diseases and its impact on the health and life quality of the population of the seacoasts. The sources were the Cochrane Library, PubMed MEDLINE, MedlinePlus, PedRO, Google Scholar, British Medical Journal, Elsevier, The Global Wellness Institute, eLIBRARY.ru. The review includes 40 publications including 22 domestic and 18 foreign ones on clinical and surrogate outcomes of climate-therapy at seaside resorts in the structure of spa treatment in patients with chronic diseases. The health problems among the population of the seacoasts are considered. The features of conducting evidence-based studies in assessing the effects of climate procedures are noted. The analysis of the therapeutic and health-improving effect results of the seaside climate and the associated forms of thalassotherapy - terrenkur, swimming, aqua gymnastics, sea bathing, heliotherapy, landscape therapy, and the use of maricultureis carried out. The article presents statistically reliable data on the favorable outcomes of treatment of chronic forms of musculoskeletal, skin, pulmonary and cardiac pathology under the influence of thalassotherapy methods. It was found that the effectiveness of climate-therapy in oncological practice, the treatment of pollinosis, the use of algae and other maricultures has been insufficiently proven: the possibility of percutaneous permeability to seawater and its components. The risk of developing negative meteorological reactions during climate-therapy was noted.

In the presence of direct sunlight or superbright light from artificial optical sources, the distribution of light intensity (brightness) over perceived scene objects typically has a dynamic range several orders of magnitude greater than the dynamic range of most optical sensors. In this paper, the locally adaptive optical protection (LAOP) filtering systems for technical vision sensors and human eyes (human visual system) are suggested. The LAOP filtering provides the reliable perception of the perceived scene objects with normal brightness simultaneously with preventing saturation ("blinding") of the optical sensors by light from the brightest objects. The characteristics of the key components of the LAOP filtering systems are discussed and tested experimentally.

Objective: Scientometrical analysis of studies the use of climatotherapy methods and formulation of guidelines based on the evidence obtained during the analysis., Material and Methods: The article presents the data of scientometrical analysis of 40 publications on the use of climatotherapy in spa practice., Results: Clinical effects and proposed mechanisms of action of the proven efficacy climatotherapy methods - aerotherapy, heliotherapy and thalassotherapy for the patients with various chronic diseases are presented. The clinical directions for the using of climatotherapy methods in climatic resorts are highlighted., Conclusions: Regular generalization and analysis of existing evidence-based studies is required, as well as the implementation of new high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials to study the effects of climate therapy on a wide range of patients with common socially significant diseases.

The Crimea has the enormous potential for the health promotion activities. However, neither the profile of these activities nor the demand for the socio-medical services is clearly defined for the majority of the local spa and health resort facilities. The possibilities of modern information technology are not used in the full measure either. The objective of the present work was to elaborate the new medical information system and demonstrate its effectiveness. In addition, the article describes the main advantages of the system for the optimization of healthcare in the Crimean spa and health resort facilities. We reviewed and analyzed various literature publications, legal framework, standards, regulations, guidelines, and questionnaire survey data obtain at 50 spa and health resort facilities of the Crimea. The results of the assessment indicate the necessity of the systematic approach to the analysis of the quality of medical care and the process of its further development. Statistical and mathematical methods were used to elaborate the medical information system for the optimization of the activities of the Crimean spa and health resorts. The distinctive features of the proposed information system are modularity and the possibility of flexible adjustment to the conditions of individual settings, one-step data loading with the subsequent multiple application for the formulation of documents, automated filling of records in compliance with the medical standards, and taking into consideration the possible changes in or amendments to the form of the documents. The data obtained in the course of project implementation were used for the first time in the Republic of Crimea to design, substantiate, and recommend for the practical application the algorithm for the comprehensive estimation of the results of treatment of the patients based at the spa and health resort facilities with due regard for the specific regional conditions.

It is attractive to have a three-mode flat-panel 3D display capable of working in autostereoscopic, stereoscopic-with-passive-glasses, and monoscopic modes and providing full-screen resolution of images at each mode. The concept of autostereoscopic displays simultaneously reproducing two image elements in each display pixel based on information-dependent polarization coding and subsequent decoding was recently proposed. Such a concept allows full-screen resolution in each image view and flickerless 3D images to be observed even at a 60-Hz frame rate. The essential problem of such display implementation is to create the suitable structure of the phase-polarization parallax barrier (PPPB) capable of working properly at a variable polarization state of input light. This paper presents the results of theoretical research of an electrically switchable liquid crystal (LC) PPPB. The Jones matrix notation of the required performance function of the LC PPPB is found. The results of computer modeling of achromatic characteristics of suitable LC structures are discussed to determine the optimum structures for PPPB. The proposed layout of three-mode 3D display with LC PPPB allows it to go from autostereoscopic mode to "stereoscopic-with-passive-glasses" mode and backward by electrical switching the LC PPPB in combination with removing/inserting the output polaroid film.

Traditional 60 Hz autostereoscopic displays with static amplitude parallax barriers have a half of full-screen resolution in each of the two displayed views of a 3D scene. The known 120 Hz autostereoscopic displays with dynamic amplitude parallax barriers have full-screen resolution but are characterized by essential light intensity losses and crosstalk in each of displayed views. The recently proposed autostereoscopic displays with simultaneous reproducing two image elements in each display pixel and with a polarization parallax barrier have full-screen resolution. However, the existing optical layout of these displays does not provide optimum operating conditions for the polarization parallax barrier creating a tendency to degrade the contrast and color characteristics. This paper presents a new optical layout characterized by the rearrangement of optical components of the previous layout. In this approach, the highlighted problems are addressed without any trade-offs. Through informal subjective visual tests, this proposal is found to provide good contrast and good color balance in the output image.

Single crystals of ice Ih, extracted from the subglacial Lake Vostok accretion ice layer (3621 m depth) were investigated by means of diffuse x-ray scattering and inelastic x-ray scattering. The diffuse scattering was identified as mainly inelastic and rationalized in the frame of ab initio calculations for the ordered ice XI approximant. Together with Monte-Carlo modelling, our data allowed reconsidering previously available neutron diffuse scattering data of heavy ice as the sum of thermal diffuse scattering and static disorder contribution.

The biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate by Methylobacteria extorquens G10 and Methyloligella halotolerans C2 via the serine pathway of C1 metabolism was comparatively studied. Nitrogen limitation stimulated synthesis of the biopolymer in both cultures. It was shown that, despite the similarity of the pathways of methanol metabolism and those of polyhydroxybutyrate biosynthesis, the methylobacteria synthesized polymers of different molecular weights. In the case of M. extorquens G10, an increase in the content of the residual nitrogen in the culture medium was found to result in a reduction of the molecular weight of the polymer from 250 to 85 kDa, whereas M. halotolerans C2 synthesized a polymer of high molecular weight (approximately 3000 kDa) regardless of the residual content of the nitrogen source. It was established that the examined methylobacteria can utilize not only pure methanol but also a crude one, a feature that made it possible to significantly reduce the cost of the resulting polyhydroxybutyrate.

The effect of the increased copy number of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis genes in pink-pigmented methylobacterium Methylobacterium extorquens G10 on properties of the biopolymer was studied. The activity of poly-3-hydroxybutyril-synthase (PHB-synthase) was shown to increase and the molecular weight of synthesized PHB decreases twofold (150 --> 79 kDa) after insertion of extra copies of phaC and phaCAB genes into cells of the producer strain, whereas the physicochemical properties of the plastic changed insignificantly. White mutant M. extorquens G10-W with disrupted synthesis of the carotenoid pigment (defect by the crtI gene, which codes for phytoene desaturase) was established to have the same rate of growth and level of PHB accumulation as the initial strain G10. The G10-W strain is a promising producer of PHB, with decreased expenses for purification and PHB biosynthesis.

The results of the ultrastructural study of the epithelium of the patient cervix infected by the human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 before and after treatment by contrasting thermo-laser therapy (CTLT) are presented. It was shown in this work that 1.5 and 6 months after treatment HPV DNA was not detected in the biopsy and the smear of the cervix using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the ultrathin sections, the structure of the epithelial cells from the biopsy after treatment corresponded to norm. There was effective elimination of HPV types 16 and 18 as Induces by CTLT method.

The results of a surgical intervention and, in particular, reconstructive operations on arteries are largely influenced by suture material. Despite a wide range of choice, the market concerned lacks suture material which would make it possible to decrease the risk of thrombosis in the area of the vascular anastomosis. In order to increase bio- and haemocompatibility, the surface of a polypropylene thread was covered with a layer based on polyoxyalkanoates - polyhydroxybutyrate and copolymer polyhydroxybutyrate-oxyvaleriate (PHBV). The strongest and most uniformly distributed coating of the polypropylene thread was provided by PHBV. We assessed the bio- and haemocompatibility properties of suture material modified by PHBV, revealing that this modification does not exert negative effect on the main components of blood - thrombocytes and erythrocytes. Treatment of the thread's surface with PHBV promoted a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the amount of absorbed proteins in the area of the vascular anastomosis in experiment: the amount of IgM decreased by 26%, that of fibrinogen by 29%, and that of D-Dimer by 281%, being on the whole indicative of bio- and haemocompatibility of the modified suture material.

Usually only a halftone (grayscale) modulation of light is used to present the processed and reference signals in the input plane of analog coherent optical (ACO) correlators, based on spatially integrating the product of two (processed and reference) signals. The halftone modulation requires two transparencies to record two signals separately, as the desired product of two spatial signals is obtained by sequential location of two spatial halftone records along the light path. Such an optical layout leads to the need for precision mutual alignment of two separate signal recordings. This paper presents a one-stage ACO correlation method based on combined halftone and position modulation of the light phase, which is produced by joint phase recording two signals on a single transparency. The joint phase recording provides the high optical efficiency of informational light modulation, automatically supports the spatial coincidence of corresponding elements of both recorded signals, and provides the same spatial scale for both recordings. The suggested method can also be used for introducing phase weight functions in the schemes of space-time ACO processing of wave signals. Advantages of ACO signal processing methods in comparison with corresponding electronic approaches are briefly noted.

The influence of the concentration and time of addition of cosubstrate (pentanol) on the molecular weight (MW) of the polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate (PHBV) copolymer synthesized by Methylobacterium extorquens G-10 during cultivation in a methanol-containing medium has been studied. It was shown that an increase in the pentanol concentration to 20% in a mixture with methanol stimulated the biosynthesis of PHBV with a MW of approximately 1500 kDa and increased the content of valerate up to 50%, especially when pentanol was added to the log phase culture. High pentanol concentrations are toxic for the producer and reduce the total yield of PHBV. An MW increase to 1500 kDa lowers the melting temperature (from 172 to 162 degrees C) and the crystallinity degree (from 63 to 8%) of the biopolymer but increases its elasticity. The revealed variability of PHBV properties extends considerably the potential application areas of synthetic bioplastics.

The architectures of classical analog coherent optical (ACO) spectrum analyzers and correlators are not designed to process the wave signal as a whole, i.e., simultaneously in three dimensions. In this paper, the theory of ACO three-dimensional direct spectrum-correlation processing of spatial-temporal optical replicas (copies) of wave signals is discussed. In the single-stage and two-stage ACO systems, the spatial power spectrum and spatial correlation function of the wave signal (envelope) are obtained on the basis of space-time integration. The geometry of the final compressed signal in the output plane of either optical system allows one to evaluate the angle of wave arrival. The wave signal to be processed can theoretically have any form (due to autocorrelation properties of the systems) and an unlimited duration (due to time integration of wave energy and possibility of electronic subtraction of the intermediate bias terms of the time integration).

A biofilter based on light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) and cells of the obligate ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) destructor Chelativorans oligotrophicus LPM-4 has been developed. The culture steadily maintained a high level of EDTA monooxygenase activity of 180-200 nmol/min/mg of protein during three months. EDTA was converted completely or by 80% at initial concentrations of 0.5-0.7 or 2.0 g/l, respectively, in a 2-dm2 biofilter at a flow rate of 20 ml/h.

Full spatial resolution in stereo image is reached if each (left and right) view of a three-dimensional scene is reproduced by all pixels of the display matrix. It is attractive for this purpose to simultaneously reproduce two image resolvable elements (corresponding to image elements of left and right views) in one display pixel. This paper shows how information-dependent linearization of the optical intensity ratio of left and right image elements (whose sum is submitted in the form of common optical intensity on the input of the display pixel) can be used to present corresponding elements separately in left and right observation windows. Such a linearization principle is valid regardless of the concrete physical gear of optical separation and demonstrated on the examples of optical separators on the basis of polarization, spectral, diffractive, and real amplitude modulation of light., (© 2011 Optical Society of America)

Elimination of types 16 and 18 human papilloma virus from the surface of cervix uteri for secondary prevention of cervical cancer was evaluated. The method is protected by patent of invention of the Russian Federation. Infrared laser therapy of cervix uteri was carried out in patients with precancer diseases of cervix uteri at Department of Gynecology of Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 52 (Moscow). Papillomavirus infection was eliminated using a Russian diode laser (lambda=1.06 μ, radiation power 10 W) with a collimating headpiece using carbon die at a distance of 10-12 cm from the exposed surface. The treatment resulted in a high percentage of elimination of types 16 and 18 oncogenic virus 4-6 weeks and during delayed periods after exposure.

Information-dependent (active) polarization encoding can be used to simultaneously present two image-resolvable elements [elements of left and right views of a three-dimensional (3D) scene] in a single display pixel. Polarization decoding, with the help of passive polarization filters, makes it possible to separate elements of left and right views and to observe them independently by left and right eyes. In this paper the basic theory of such 3D displays is developed. The relevant solutions of the general equation of light elliptical polarization are obtained in all important cases: cases of controlled birefringence and/or optical activity as three basic controlled polarization encoders. The obtained formulas are essentially the forms of signals that should control the values of birefringence and optical activity to realize the required polarization encoding. Optical schemes of flat-panel direct-view stereoscopic and autostereoscopic displays with the use of liquid crystal polarization encoding matrices are considered.

It is shown that neutrophilic methylobacteria Methylophaga thalassica and M. marina have higher rates of growth and ectoin accumulation compared to the haloalkaliphilic species M. alcalica and M. natronia and methanotrophs Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum and M. kenyense. The conditions of M. thalassica cultivation in methanol-containing medium were optimized. The yield of this process reached 60 g/l of absolutely dry biomass containing 15-19% (9-11 g/l) ectoine. The scheme of ectoin isolation from the biomass by extraction and subsequent purification, which allowed obtaining preparations of different degree of purity, was developed.

Optimal conditions for batch cultivation of the obligate methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b on methane without superatmospheric pressure were chosen. The yield of absolutely dry biomass after 120 h of growth reached 20 g/l. This biomass contained 30% poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) with molecular weight 300 kDa. The growth process included the stages of biomass growth and PHB biosynthesis. The latter stage occurred under nitrogen-deficiency conditions. It was accompanied by an increase in the activity of PHB biosynthesis enzymes (beta-ketothiolase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, and PHB synthase) and the main NAD(P)H producer, methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase. The activity of PHB depolymerase increased insignificantly.

A biofilter based on polyvinylformal foam and Pseudomonas esterophilus strain VKM V-1436D cells, which utilize methyl and ethyl acetates as sources of carbon and energy, was created. A complete conversion of methyl and ethyl acetate (2000 mg/l) under flow conditions was reached. Because carboxyl esterase does not exhibit specificity for these esters, no adaptation period was required for switching the biofilter between biodegradation of methyl acetate and ethyl acetate.

Further improvement in the accuracy of any neutron lifetime experiment by means of ultracold neutrons (UCN) in material bottles is limited due to unavoidable systematic effects when the UCN are reflected from the walls. However, such effects can be excluded in principle if magnetic trapping of UCN is used. The storage of UCN in a small magnetic trap made of permanent magnets was demonstrated for the first time ever. The measured storage time in this feasibility study was (882 ± 16) s. At this level of accuracy no depolarization was observed.

A method and codes for two-step correlation calculations of heavy-atom molecules have been developed, employing the generalized relativistic effective core potential (GRECP) and relativistic coupled cluster (RCC) methods at the first step, followed by nonvariational one-center restoration of proper four-component spinors in the heavy cores. Electron correlation is included for the first time in an ab initio calculation of the interaction of the permanent P,T-odd proton electric dipole moments with the internal electromagnetic field in a molecule. Inclusion of electron correlation by GRECP/RCC has a major effect on the P,T-odd parameters of 205TlF, decreasing M by 17% and X by 22%.

The author has examined 650 patients aged 30-65 years with prestroke forms of cerebrovascular diseases. Basing on clinico-neurological, electrophysiological and biochemical data, five new variants of physiotherapy are proposed: transcerebral and segmental dalargin electrophoresis combined with magnetotherapy and manual therapy. Relevant practical recommendations are provided. The author's findings extend the knowledge of curative potential of physical methods and on their mechanism of action in cerebrovascular insufficiency.

Sinusoidal modulated currents, fluctuorisation and interference therapy were compared for efficacy when applied according to segment-oriented technique to cervical and thoracic spine. A total of 150 patients with combined cerebrospinal and vertebrogenic lesions were treated in sanatorium on the Black sea shore (Yalta). These techniques demonstrated both similarity and difference in their effects. Mechanisms of action of the above variants of medium-frequency electrotherapy are considered.

An original combination of manual procedures has been tried in management of initial cerebrovascular symptoms which appeared against neurological signs of osteochondrosis involving thoracic and cervical spine. Positive results of the treatment were recorded in 100 patients manually, neurologically, electrophysiologically and biochemically. Practical recommendations for the performers are provided.

The biosynthesis of the bovine growth hormone (BGH) in E. coli DH1 cells containing the plasmid pbGH(1-119)ptrp was studied. It was found that BGH accumulated in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells as optically dense granules that can be isolated by low-speed centrifugation. A fraction of purified protein granules was used for further purification of BGH. A purified BGH preparation contained two polypeptides with molecular weights of 18,000 and 22,000 D. The state of plasmid was investigated during cultivation and storage of the culture.

Plasmid pCJ55 with a cloned gene for the large fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I is stable in the population of a recombinant strain under the conditions of batch and continuous cultivation at different dilution rates in the presence of ampicillin. The level of Klenow fragment expression is determined by at least two factors: the stability of the recombinant strain and its specific growth rate. The maximal activity of the Klenow fragment was found after thermoinduction of the culture growing at a rate of mu = 0.6 h-1 in a synthetic medium with bactopeptone and glucose as a carbon source.

Conditions for continuous cultivation of Penicillium brevi-compactum producing extra-cellular ribonucleases were studied. The two-step process of fermentation in the course of which the flow of the medium in the first fermenter was maintained at 0.054 hr-1, and in the second fermenter at 0.0527 hr-1, made it possible to produce 3--4 times more enzymes as compared to the batch culture.

The effect of different ingredients of the nutrient medium on the synthesis of acid ribonuclease by the culture Penicillium brevi-compactum was studied. The synthesis of RNase reached maximum on the medium containing glucose, pepton, soya bean flour, ammonium sulphate. An excessive content of phosphate in the medium decreased the RNase synthesis. An optimal medium for the synthesis of the enzymes was developed and recommended.

The possibility of producing nonspecific acid and guanyl-specific alkaline ribonucleases of Penicillium brevi-compactum in a single technological cycle was explored. The use of pre-purification of anion exchanger EDE-10P and strongly basic anion exchanging fiber CM-A2 at an initial stage produced a solution of enzymes, from which both enzymes in a pure form and with a high yield were isolated, using CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-75 chromatography. Both enzymes proved homogeneous with respect to protein.

The kinetics of growth of Penicillium brevi-compactum and the activity of exocellular phosphohydrolases were studied on media with different concentrations of glucose and phosphate. Exocellular phosphohydrolases were synthesized when the growth was decelerated due to the deficiency of phosphate rather than that of glucose. These enzymes were not synthesized if the growth was not limited by phosphate. Synthesis of exocellular phosphohydrolases was repressed by phosphate when the growth was limited by glucose. Apparently, a complex of exocellular phosphohydrolases is synthesized by the culture if its growth is limited by phosphate.

The effect of cultivation temperature and pH on growth of the culture Penicillium brevi-compactum and biosynthesis of extracellular phosphohydrolases (acid and alkaline RNases and acid PMEase) involved in RNA degradation was studied. The maximum growth of the culture was seen at 30 degrees and pA-7.0 and its maximum physiological activity with respect to the above enzymes was noted at 24 degrees and pH = 3.0, i.e. optimal conditions for the biosynthesis of phosphohydrolases did not coincide with those for the culture growth. The cultivation temperature and pH produced an effect on the oxygen consumption and synthesis of extracellular phosphohydrolases by the culture.