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Introduction: Gliptins are a relatively recent class of oral antidiabetic agents used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to identify the adverse effects of gliptins in patients with type 2 diabetes, compare the tolerability of these drugs with data from the literature, and determine patients' behavior in the face of these adverse effects with a view to optimizing their management., Methods: Our study is cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical, involving 100 patients aged over 20 years, followed at the Endocrinology Department of the Military Hospital Mohammed V., Results: The average age of the patients was 63 years, with a sex ratio F/H of 1.13. The median age of diabetes in the patients was 13 years, with an average blood glucose level of 1.64 and an average hemoglobin A1c of 8.26. The comorbidities were 30% cardiovascular disease, 25% hypertension, and 14% dyslipidemia, and 30% of patients had no comorbidities. Forth-six percent of patients reported adverse events and 54% did not report any adverse event. Twenty-eight percent of the adverse events were gastrointestinal, 18% skin disorders, 14% urinary tract infections, 12% hypoglycemia, 12% nervous system disorders, 8% airway infections, and 8% general disorders., Conclusion: This study shows that gliptins remain a safe option as the side effects seem fairly well tolerated by patients. Adverse events may impact patient compliance and pose a problem of adherence to treatment. Thus, it would be advantageous to develop therapeutic education for diabetic patients to detect and manage adverse effects., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Annals of African Medicine.)

Introduction: Shoulder capsulitis (SC) is a common musculoskeletal complication in patients with diabetes. It can be particularly disabling. It is often overlooked by clinicians. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of retractile capsulitis and to identify the risk factors in a population of Moroccan diabetic patients., Materials and Methods: We realised a cross-sectional study including patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We recorded the demographic and diabetic characteristics of our patients. SC and vascular complications were assessed by clinical and para-clinical investigations. The prevalence of SC was calculated. The factors associated with SC were evaluated by suitable statistical tests., Results: Three hundred and Sixty-five patients were included; 84.9% had Type 2 DM (T2DM). The mean age of the participants was 52.6 ± 13.6. Shoulder capsulitis was present in 12.6% of patients. In statistical analysis, age >50 years (P = 0.001), T2DM (P = 0.03), duration of progression >10 years (P = 0.03), dyslipidemia (P = 0.013) and macrovascular complications (P = 0.009) were associated with an increased frequency of SC., Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of SC is higher in diabetic patients. Therefore, inclusion of this pathology in the global management of the diabetic patient is necessary., Competing Interests: None

Introduction: A variety of musculoskeletal disorders (MS) have been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and associated factors of MS disorders in Moroccan diabetic patients., Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive patients with DM. We recorded demographic features of patients and characteristics of DM. MS disorders and vascular complications were assessed by clinical examinations and investigations. Associated factors of MS disorders were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses., Result: 376 subjects were included; 84.6% had type 2 DM. The participants' median age was 54 years [45-62]; 41% had one or more vascular complications. 34.4% had one or more MS disorders. Osteoarthritis was present in 19.4% of patients. Hand disorders were seen in 14.4%. Shoulder capsulitis was present in 12.5%. Long duration of diabetes and dyslipidemia were associated with increased prevalence of hand abnormalities ( P = 0.017; P = 0.019, respectively). Age and dyslipidemia were associated with shoulder capsulitis ( P = 0.019; P = 0.047, respectively). Female gender, overweight, and nephropathy were associated with increased odds of osteoarthritis ( P = 0.009, P = 0.004, and P = 0.032, respectively)., Conclusion: MS disorders are frequent in this population and associated with various factors. HbA1c level does not appear to be associated with development of MS disorders.

Rickets are abnormalities of mineralization that can lead to bone fractures and deformities. Vitamin-resistant rickets is defined as any rickets not prevented by regular, early and prolonged administration of vitamin D and not cured by a sufficient total dose. The aim of our work is to describe the clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspects of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR), which is the most common cause of hereditary rickets and on the other hand to highlight the interest not only of the early care but also the regular long-term monitoring of these children.

Introduction: Chronic kidney failure is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. Its association with carotid atherosclerosis remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to assess the factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis specially the components of chronic kidney disease., Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients from the endocrinology an diabetology department of the military hospital of Rabat assigned in two groups according to the presence or absence of carotid atherosclerosis. Kidney function was assessed based on albuminuria and the estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using the "modification of diet in renal disease" equation. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with carotid atherosclerosis., Results: One hundred and six diabetic patients were enrolled including 96 type 2 diabetic patients. Age (P<0.001), diabetes duration (P=0.04), hypertension (P=0.002), peripheral arterial disease (P<0.001) and chronic kidney failure (P=0.001) were significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis. After adjusting for age, hypertension, diabetes duration and peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney failure was an independent factor associated with carotid atherosclerosis (OR: 5.46; 95%IC: 1.29-23.01; P=0.021)., Conclusion: Our data suggest that chronic kidney failure is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in diabetic patients independently of the common cardiovascular risk factors., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The most widely used ingredients in food formulation are proteins, lipids and polysaccharides. Proteins-lipids and proteins-polysaccharides interactions play a key role in the structure, stability, sensorial and nutritional properties of formulated foods. The objective of the present study is to highlight the importance of proteins-lipids and proteins-polysaccharides interactions, on the immuno-reactivity of allergenic proteins. Two models have been studied, on the one hand refined and not refined oils (soya and sunflower) and soya lecithin, on the other hand mixtures based on peanut proteins and polysaccharides (arabic gum, pectin, xylan). STUDY OF OILS: We have extracted proteins, using a PBS buffer, from refined and not refined oils from soya, sunflower and from soya lecithin, determined protein concentrations and identified allergenic proteins using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and immuno-blotting. Phospholipids are determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The protein determination and SDS-PAGE show the presence of a higher amount of proteins in not refined oils and lecithin as compared to refined oils. An important amount of proteins associated to phospholipids are eliminated by degumming on the form of lecithin. On the other hand, residual proteins from refined oils are accompanied by phospholipids. Immuno-blots reveal the presence of a 56 kDa allergen in oils issued from soya seeds and soya lecithin, and the presence of a 67 kDa allergen in oils issued from sunflower seeds. We conclude that the presence or elimination of proteins, especially allergens from oils is linked to amphiphilic association to phospholipids. STUDY OF PEANUT PROTEINS-POLYSACCHARIDES MIXTURES: We have digested in vitro proteins in a dialysis bag using a multi-enzymatic method and characterized proteins and peptides using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and immuno-blotting. Our results confirm that peanut proteins alone are digested by proteases and that a number of large peptides still have epitopes recognized by anti-peanut proteins antibodies. Our results also show that the presence of polysaccharides changes the peptidic profile after digestion and that, depending on the polysaccharide type, smaller or larger peptides can be obtained in the dialysis bag. Smaller peptides are obtained using pectin whereas larger peptides are obtained using arabic gum and xylan. In the latter case, an increasing amount of peptides reacts to antibodies. Our first observations clearly show the need to better understand modifications of proteins allergenicity induced by the presence of other ingredients such as polysaccharides and lipids, in relation to technological treatments.

Cases of allergy to the oils of groundnut, sunflower, soya and sesame have been described in the literature. In parallel, other authors have affirmed that these oils are not allergenic. The objective of this article is to make the point on this question, to cite the procedures to which the seeds are submitted to extract the oil, to remember that the oils are not composed only of triglycerides and to describe the results of our work. Allergy of oils is a subject that is constantly submitted to controversy and the bibliography does not cease to give contradictory examples. This may be explained by the variations in extraction procedures used by the manufactures, as well as by the conditions of extraction of the proteins in the laboratory.

Background: Although allergy to sunflower seed and oil is a relatively rare occurrence, several cases of sunflower seed allergy have been observed, and we have already described one case of anaphylaxis after eating sunflower oil and margarine., Objective: The aim of our study was to determine and characterize the allergens from sunflower oil at the different steps of the refining process: crude pressed oil (step A), acidification and neutralization (step B), pregumming by centrifugation (step C), washing (step D), bleaching (step E), gumming by filtration (step F), and deodorization (step G)., Methods: A sample of oil from each step of the process (steps A to G) was heat extracted with PBS. The protein concentration of each extract was evaluated by using the micro-Bradford assay. Samples were run on SDS-PAGE. The immunoblot was performed with the serum of a patient sensitized to sunflower seed and oil., Results: The extracts obtained after each step reveal a decrease in total protein concentration from 13.6 microg/mL to 0. 22 microg/mL. The result of SDS-PAGE shows 5 bands, from 67 kd to 145 kd, with the most abundant being the 67-kd protein. The amount of this protein decreases after each step of the process. It is, however, still present in trace amounts in the refined oil. The 67-kd protein, which is mainly present in the crude oil and slightly in the refined oil, has been shown to be allergenic., Conclusion: Because of the presence of allergenic proteins, refined sunflower oil may pose a threat to people highly sensitized to sunflower seeds.