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Many studies have reported poor school achievement in evening persons and general circadian fluctuations in cognition. The aim of this study was to analyze circadian fluctuations in a cross-sectional design and examine the effects of chronotype on situational emotions and intrinsic motivation. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in three Turkish secondary schools with a total sample of 599 students (283 females and 316 males). Data were collected at the end of specific math lessons of the same grade level and content, using a form combining three scales. We found no gender-related differences in intrinsic motivation, while there were some differences in situational motivation. In math classes, female students exhibited higher level of interest, while boys scored higher on boredom. In addition, students who scored high on morning affect reported higher levels of interest, well-being, and less boredom. Students with higher stability (and lower fluctuations in mood and cognition during the day) reported a higher degree of enjoyment, perceived competence, perceived choice, and less pressure/tension in their math lessons. A positive association was observed between distinctness, interest, and well-being, while negative correlations existed between distinctness and boredom. This suggests that students with higher diurnal stability reported a higher level of interest, well-being, and a lower level of boredom. Additionally, the results of the analyses showed that morningness, distinctness, and eveningness were significant predictors of intrinsic motivation. Conversely, gender, time of application, morningness, and distinctness emerged as predictors for situational emotions in mathematics classes.

In this study, depression/anxiety and academic distress were investigated among graduate students in Turkey. The study sample comprised 459 graduate students who voluntarily completed an online survey (294 women, 64%). Independent t -tests and multivariate analyses were performed to examine group differences. The results confirmed that depression/anxiety and academic distress scores varied according to sociodemographic variables. Whereas depression/anxiety and academic distress did not show significant differences in terms of gender and place of residence, students who had previously sought psychological help had higher levels of depression/anxiety and academic distress. Younger age, being a master's student, and being single increased the risk of having higher levels of depression/anxiety and academic distress. University counseling centers may benefit from these findings in efforts to identify graduate students at risk and apply appropriate prevention and intervention strategies., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

This study examines the relationship between high school students' age, gender, personality, computer game addiction, chronotype, and sleep quality using structural equation modelling. For this purpose, the study was planned according to the correlational research design, one of the most common quantitative research methods. The sample of the study consisted of 922 students who accepted to participate and completed the scales. Of the 922 high school students in the sample, 528 were girls, and 394 were boys. In the study, the Computer Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents, Sleep Quality Scale, Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), and Big Five Inventory were used to measure the variables. Among the variables involved, personality traits, such as consciousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience, were significantly related with morningness-eveningness. Besides, gender and being evening or morning types were found to be significantly related with game addiction. However, sleep quality was predicted by computer game addiction and morningness-eveningness. It was found that the fit indices of the model have an acceptable and good fit in explaining the variables.

This systematic review describes a set of practices that have evidence of positive effects with autistic children and youth. This is the third iteration of a review of the intervention literature (Odom et al. in J Autism Dev Disorders 40(4):425-436, 2010a; Prevent School Fail 54(4):275-282, 2010b; Wong et al. in https://autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/sites/autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu/files/imce/documents/2014-EBP-Report.pdf ; J Autism Dev Disorders 45(7):1951-1966, 2015), extending coverage to articles published between 1990 and 2017. A search initially yielded 31,779 articles, and the subsequent screening and evaluation process found 567 studies to include. Combined with the previous review, 972 articles were synthesized, from which the authors found 28 focused intervention practices that met the criteria for evidence-based practice (EBP). Former EBPs were recategorized and some manualized interventions were distinguished as meeting EBP criteria. The authors discuss implications for current practices and future research., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

In this study, Perceived Competence Scale was developed to measure high school students' perceived competence. Scale development process was verified on three different samples. Participants of the research are some high school students in 2011-2012 academic terms from Ankara. Participants' numbers are incorporated in exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and test-retest reliability respectively, as follows: 372, 668 and 75. Internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's and stratified α) are calculated separately for each group. For data analysis Factor 8.02 and LISREL 8.70 package programs were used. According to results of the analyses, internal consistency coefficients (α) are .90 - .93 for academic competence, .82 - .86 for social competence in the samples that exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis performed. For the whole scale internal consistency coefficient (stratified α) is calculated as .91. As a result of test-retest reliability, adjusted correlation coefficients (r) are .94 for social competence and .90 for academic competence. In addition, to fit indexes and regression weights obtained from factor analysis, findings related convergent and discriminant validity, indicating that competence can be addressed in two dimensions which are academic (16 items) and social (14 items).

The aim of this study was to identify male and female teachers' misbehaviors in classrooms and determine the variance of those misbehaviors in schools in different socioeconomic areas. The study was conducted in 24 primary schools in Erzurum province with a total of 210 classroom teachers. Data were obtained through observations made by 210 student teachers. The data collected were analysed through descriptive analyses by the researcher. 661 misbehaviors were observed and classified into six different categories, namely, physical aggression, passive (verbal) aggression, constant nervousness, trouble in managing the classroom, class failures pertaining to instruction, and other.

The authors aimed to examine the relation between shyness and dysfunctional relationship beliefs and to extend findings of previous studies to understand the role of fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem in shyness. Participants were 415 Turkish undergraduate students at Middle East Technical University. The participants completed Turkish versions of the J. M. Cheek and A. H. Buss (1981) Shyness Scale, the Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale (Z. Hamamci & S. Büyükoztürk, 2004) the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (M. R. Leary, 1983), and the M. Rosenberg (1965) Self-Esteem Scale. Bivariate correlations showed that shyness had a significant positive correlation with unrealistic relationship expectations and interpersonal rejection. Fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem also had significant relations to shyness. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that fear of negative evaluation, self-esteem, and interpersonal rejection were significant predictors of shyness, and self-esteem was the best predictor. These results provided evidence of the role of distorted relationship beliefs, approval concerns, and self-evaluations in shyness for Turkish university students. The authors discuss the findings in terms of relevant literature and cultural issues.

Variations in protein and carbohydrate levels correlated with the age and sex of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in constant lightness and darkness were investigated. Tests were conducted under laboratory conditions at 28 +/- 2 degrees C temperature and 65 +/- 5% relative humidity. Insects were fed on combs without honey. Protein level in 100 mg of adults increased in the first days of adult life of females in connection with their age and then decreased. No difference was observed in males. Carbohydrate level in 100 mg of adults increased in both sexes in connection with their age. In all tests carbohydrate and protein levels of females were found higher than males. Protein and carbohydrate levels of adult G. mellonella varied in connection with the photoperiod regimes implemented. Decrease in the nutrient levels was observed in constant darkness.

To measure depression in mothers of 5 to 7-yr.-old children with disabilities and to find out whether mothers' depression varied by sex of the child, 126 mothers from Ankara participated; 59 were mothers of children with disabilities who participated in integrated education and attended preschool classes in public schools and, as a comparison group, 67 were mothers of children with disabilities of similar age and characteristics who did not participate in integrated education while attending public and private schools. In the study, the Beck Depression Scale and General Information Forms were used. Depression in mothers of children with disabilities who did not participate in integrated education was higher than in mothers of children with disabilities who participated in integrated education.

In this study, 4 channel biotelemetry device was designed and implemented for monitoring physiological and biological signals of the patients at indoor. Body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals were transmitted using 10 mW 433 MHz and 500 mW 868 MHz FM/FSK transmitter with 9.6 Kps transmission speed. At indoor, receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) levels were measured and compared with 433 and 868 MHz carrier frequency. The placement of repeater at indoor was decided as a result of RSSI measurement.

In this study, the ECG signal were measured as noiseless with Ag/AgCl electrodes, then converted digital data using pulse code modulation (PCM) technique. The digital data were then sent to receiver where it is in 433 MHz FM/FSK transmitter, which has 10 mW output power and 9.6 Kps transmission speed. At the receiver, the digital data were reconverted to analog signal to monitor and record on the PC with Sonic Foundry Sound Forge 6.0 program. The power spectrum of measured ECG signal was formed using Matlab program. As a result, the medical supporting system is realized for monitoring the ECG signal on PC of human with chronic heart disease in their living surroundings.

An activated carbon was developed from Rosa canina sp. seeds, characterized and used for the removal of methylene blue (basic dye) from aqueous solutions. Adsorption studies were carried out at 20 degrees C and various initial dye concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/L) for different times (15, 30, 60, and 120 min). The adsorption isotherm was obtained from data. The results indicate that the adsorption isotherm of methylene blue is typically S-shaped. The shape of isotherm is believed to reflect three distinct modes of adsorption. In region 1, the adsorption of methylene blue is carried out mainly by ion exchange. In region 2 by polarizations of pi-electrons established at cyclic parts of the previously adsorbed methylene blue molecules is occurred. However, it is not observed any change at the sign of the surface charge although zeta potential value is decreased with increase of amount adsorbed. In region 3, the slope of the isotherm is reduced, because adsorption now must overcome electrostatic repulsion between oncoming ions and the similarly charged solid. Adsorption in this fashion is usually complete when the surface is covered with a monolayer of methylene blue. To reveal the adsorptive characteristics of the produced active carbon, porosity and BET surface area measurements were made. Structural analysis was performed using SEM-EDS. The produced active carbon has the specific surface area of 799.2 m2 g-1 and the iodine number of 495 mg/g.

This study is organized under two main sections. The first section, titled "The Ottoman Concept of Waqf", gives a brief account of waqfs, their roles and purposes. The second section under the title of "The Translation of the Document into the Turkish" constitutes our target research subject. The document examined was written by one of the Müteferrikas of the Imperial Court, Zaim Haci Ibrahim Agha, son of Hüseyin. It is registered among the documents of the Directorate of Pious Foundations: 739/259/173, 739/253/157 and dates 1176 (Hijri calendar), 1762-1763 (Gregorian calendar). The document is about a medical dimension of the waqfs, which was not much encountered before. It gives the contents of a medicine in detail, which was stated to be good for eye diseases. The ingredients of the medicine and their proportional amounts are described clearly. Then, how to prepare the medicine is also explained with equal clarity. Referring to the written medical works, the pronunciations of the ingredients in the content of the medicine are given textually. The names of some ingredients, though legible, whose meanings could not be found, are given in Turkish transcription with a question mark. Hereby I owe great many thanks to Mevlüt Cam, the Ottoman translator of the Directorate of Pious Foundations, who informed me about the existence of such a document.

In this study, adsorption of methylene blue onto clay was investigated. The effect of adsorption time and temperature on the adsorption process was studied. To reveal the adsorptive characteristics of the clay studied, porosity and BET surface area measurements were made. It was observed that the adsorption capacity decreases with increasing temperature, and adsorption equilibrium was attained within 1 h. It was found that the data fit well to Langmuir, Halsey, Henderson, and Harkins-Jura models but experimental data deviate significantly from BET and Freundlich models at especially high concentrations. Furthermore, isosteric adsorption enthalpy and entropy are calculated as -7.99 kJ mol(-1) and 25.41 JK(-1)mol(-1), respectively.

Dried methanol extract of Hypericum hyssopifolium subsp. elongatum var. elongatum was dissolved in distilled water, and then fractioned by re-extracting with petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, subsequently. Antioxidant and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities of these fractions were determined, in vitro. The amounts of total phenolic compounds were also determined. None of these fractions showed antioxidant activity, in contrast water and ethyl acetate fractions acted as prooxidant. However, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest DPPH radical-scavenging activity and the amount of its total phenolic compound was highest, too. Therefore, ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to further separation by chromatographic methods. Thus, five flavonoids (I3,II8-biapigenin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) and a napthodianthrone (hypericin) were isolated, and their structures were determined by UV, IR, NMR, and MS spectroscopic methods. All isolated compounds showed antioxidant and DPPH radical-scavenging activities. Although, I3,II8-biapigenin and hypericin were able to show highest antioxidant activity, they had the lowest DPPH radical-scavenging activities. From these results, it can be suggested that these compounds may be used as potential antioxidants. In addition, the petroleum ether fraction was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (CC). Then, n-dotriacontanyl hexadecanoate, bis(2-methylheptyl) phthalate, and beta-sitosterol were isolated from it. It is of interest to present the spectral data of bis(2-methylheptyl) phthalate first time in the present study.

In this study, the decolorization of strong colored solutions containing the reactive textile dyes by electrocoagulation was investigated. The experiments were statistically designed and carried out according to a 2(4) full factorial design with two replicate and four center points. This design was extended with eight additional axial points. Then, the non-linear regression was applied on the data by using MINITAB software. The variables chosen for this work are mixing rate, cell voltage, electrolysis time and current density. Results showed that the effective variables on decolorization process are cell voltage, electrolysis time and current density. In addition, to determine the effect of dye and electrode type on decolorization, the additional experiments were carried out. It was determined the dye and electrode type are important on the decolorization process.

Carbonic anhydrases (CA: Carbonate hydrolase; E, C,4.2.1.1) from leaves Vicia canencens were purified and were characterized. The purification level of enzyme was 76-fold. The optimum temperature of this enzyme was 70 degrees C. pH optimum was 9.2. Each of the enzyme molecules was a decamer having MW of 262,000 and the subunit MW was 26,400.

A new health-reform process has been initiated by Ministry of Health in Turkey. The aim of that reform is to improve the health status of the Turkish population and to provide health care to all citizens in an efficient and equitable manner. The restructuring of the current health system will allow more funds to be allocated to primary and preventive care and will create a managed market for secondary and tertiary care. In this article, we review the current and proposed primary care services models and the role of family physicians therein.

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) (carbonate hydrolyase; E,C,4.2.1.1) from leaves of mature Camelia sinensis was purified and characterized. The purification level was 53 fold. The optimum temperature for maximal enzyme activity is 50 degrees C. The optimum pH was 6.8 and this pH varied between 6.5 and 7.5. Each enzyme molecule is a hexamer with an M(r) of 169,000 with subunits of M(r) = 28,000.