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Wastes and tailing ponds of Tyrnyauz tungsten and molybdenum factory are the main sources of heavy metal incoming into environment in Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The factory was closed more than 10 years ago and the recultivation of it’s tailing ponds, where accumulated hundreds of millions tones of wastes, was completed. The aim of this investigation was an assessment of their possible influence on children residing in the vicinity of these tailing ponds (village Bylym). Village Verhny Baksan located about 30 km upstream of the valley of the Baksan River was chosen as reference (pure) locality. As a results of the performed investigations we revealed that in drinking water of Bylym and Verhny Baksan concentrations of molybdenum were 2.10±0.42 pg/l and 0.31±0.15 pg/l correspondingly, which is remarkably lower than maximum permitted concentrations. The concentrations of Mo, Cu and Pb in children’s hair in both villages were practically the same, which indicates to the absence of their accumulation in human organism. But the quantity of cells with cytogenetic disorders in buccal epithelial cells in children from Bylym was 4.1 times higher in comparison with the corresponding index of uncontaminated area. The obtained data demonstrate that genotoxic effect of remedied tailing ponds retains.