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Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasia belonging to the group of histiocytoses. Inflammatory tissue destruction with fibrosis can result in dysfunction in any organ. Our evaluation aimed to collect information on characteristics, courses, and therapeutic options of this rare disease pattern in adult patients with conclusions on prognostic factors and follow-up management., Methods: The medical records of 194 adult patients with histologically confirmed LCH were evaluated in this retrospective study. Patients were treated at the Protestant Clinics in Gelsenkirchen from 2000 to 2014 and St. Franziskus-Hospital in Cologne until 2020., Results: The median age of onset was 38 years (18 to 79 years). In 65.5% of patients, only one organ was primarily involved, and in 34.5% of cases, multiple organs were involved. The skeleton, lungs, and skin were most commonly affected. In 15.5% of patients, pituitary insufficiency existed years before or at the time of diagnosis. The follow-up time of patients from the time of histologic diagnosis ranged from 6 to 408 months (median 49 months). Four patients died from sequelae of their underlying histiocytic disease. Irreversible late sequelae due to disease or therapy were detectable in 34% of patients. In 25.3% of the patients, the course of the disease could be controlled initially, but with the proviso of no smoking in case of lung involvement. Specific therapeutic measures such as surgery for solitary osteolysis, radiotherapy of osseous and cerebral manifestations, immunotherapy especially for lung and skin involvement, and chemotherapy for multisystem disease were primarily required in 74.7% of patients. As a result, 27.3% of all patients reached the nonactive stage. Of these, 26.4% had reactivation during the follow-up period. Of the remaining patients with continued active disease, 51.1% showed disease progression during follow-up., Conclusions: Standardized diagnostics are required to capture the clinical picture. Due to the variable course, it is often sufficient to initially control with obligatory smoking cessation in case of pulmonary involvement. Follow-up examinations should be predominantly symptom-oriented with attention to possible late sequelae., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright 2022, Doberauer et al.)

Ciguatoxine sind potente, von Mikroalgen produzierte, marine Biotoxine, die sich in tropischen Raubfischen, lokal und saisonal unterschiedlich stark, anreichern können. Kurze Zeit nach dem Fischverzehr treten gastrointestinale, neurologische und/oder kardiovaskuläre Vergiftungssymptome auf. Durch die hohe Affinität der Toxine zu neuronalen Natriumkanälen sind neurologische Symptome für Ciguatera-Vergiftungen charakteristisch. Nahezu pathognomonisch ist dabei die Kälteallodynie, bei der kalte Oberflächen als heiß, schmerzhaft oder extrem unangenehm empfunden werden. Durch Importe von Tropenfisch tritt Ciguatera zunehmend auch in gemäßigten Klimazonen auf. Wir erläutern anhand zweier Fälle die Besonderheiten dieser Fischvergiftung., Competing Interests: Interessenkonflikt: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht, (Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is an orphan disease of clonal dendritic cells which may affect any organ of the body. Most of the knowledge about the diagnosis and therapy is based on pedriatic studies. Adult LCH patients are often evaluated by physicians who focus on only the most obviously affected organ without sufficient evaluation of other systems, resulting in patients being underdiagnosed and/or incompletely staged. Furthermore they may be treated with pediatric-based therapies which are less effective and sometimes more toxic for adults. The published literature on adult LCH cases lacks a comprehensive discussion on the differences between pediatric and adult patients and there are no recommendations for evaluation and comparative therapies. In order to fill this void, a number of experts in this field cooperated to develop the first recommendations for management of adult patients with LCH. Key questions were selected according to the clinical relevance focusing on diagnostic work up, therapy, and follow up. Based on the available literature up to December 2012, recommendations were established, drafts were commented by the entire group, and redrafted by the executive editor. The quality of evidence of the recommendations is predominantly attributed to the level of expert opinion. Final agreement was by consensus.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease with a peak incidence in childhood. There is limited experience with treatment options for adult patients having multisystemic LCH involvement. We report successful treatment of a 70-year-old woman with adult onset of LCH and multisystem disease (diabetes insipidus centralis, bone marrow infiltration, and lung and skin involvement)., Observations: A 70-year-old woman with erythematous plaques and papules of the submammary and inguinal skin attended our outpatient clinic and was diagnosed as having LCH. Organ involvement was found in the infundibulum of the pituitary gland, associated with diabetes insipidus centralis, bone marrow infiltration, and several micronodules of the thoracic and lumbar spine and lungs. Based on the Histiocyte Society's LCH-A1 study in adults, the patient was treated for 12 months with a combination of corticosteroids, vinblastine, and mercaptopurine. No major adverse effects were observed. The skin was also treated with a combination of psoralen-UV-A and local corticosteroids. Restaging revealed regression of all clinical symptoms (skin involvement and diabetes insipidus centralis) and regression of organ infiltration (pituitary gland, bone marrow, and lungs)., Conclusion: Effective treatment of adult multisystemic LCH disease was achieved using prednisolone, vinblastine, and mercaptopurine, which was well tolerated.