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Tiny colloids with a size similar to that of membrane pores are responsible for irreversible fouling in the pre-coagulation microfiltration membrane filtration process for drinking water treatment. Such colloidal particles are defined here as meso‑colloids, and the charge neutralization of meso‑colloids is demonstrated to be a key to controlling irreversible fouling. However, meso‑colloids remain negatively charged at neutral pH, the reason for which is still unclear. To increase the efficiency of membrane operation, additional knowledge about the causes and behaviors of meso‑colloids during pre-coagulation is indispensable. Therefore, in this study, meso‑colloids are fractionated after a series of jar tests, and their exact composition and charge properties are characterized. Two natural water samples, the adjusted water consisting of meso‑colloid fraction separated from one of the natural water samples and additional inorganic chemicals, and the adjusted water by the addition of appropriate inorganic chemicals into pure water are used for jar tests, which are conducted with and without the addition of the coagulant polyaluminum chloride (PACl). After the jar tests using two natural water samples, all of the meso‑colloids exhibit a negative charge under the conditions applied for the jar tests, indicating that charge neutralization is difficult. The composition of the meso‑colloids is found to be completely different depending on the water source used. Organic-rich water tends to generate meso‑colloids with a low Al/C (mass ratio of aluminum and organic carbon) ratio. In contrast, organic-poor water tends to produce meso‑colloids with a high Al/C ratio. From the results of the jar tests using two kinds of adjusted water samples, it is found challenging to neutralize meso‑colloids by PACl at neutral pH, because the overdose and underdose of PACl result in negatively charged biopolymer or negatively charged aluminum species. Therefore, the development of a new coagulant for specific use in the coagulation membrane filtration process is proposed, which can minimize the formation of negatively charged species even at neutral pH., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Hiroshi Yamamura reports financial support was provided by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Hiroshi Yamamura reports a relationship with Organo co. that includes: non-financial support. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: ATP citrate lyase (Acly) is widely expressed in many tissues, has been proved to be involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. So far, the importance of Acly in acute pancreatitis(AP) has not been clearly determined. The purpose of this study is to clarify whether Acly can evoke inflammatory cascades in the progression of AP and hamper the subsequent regeneration process of pancreas., Methods: Experimental pancreatitis in mice with a specific deficiency of Acly in the pancreas and in control mice through repetitive cerulein injections in vivo. The pancreas pathological grading, cell proliferative potential and the formation of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) were evaluated. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma were qualified by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were measured for oxidative stress. The infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, the expression of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and cleaved Caspase-3, were measured using immunostaining. The mRNA transcription levels of TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1β in pancreatic tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR as well. Additionally, inhibition of TLR4 signaling by TAK-242 in AP mice with a pancreas-specific deletion of Acly was conducted in vivo., Results: The results demonstrated that the elimination of pancreatic Acly not only exacerbated the severity of pancreatitis in mice during the initial inflammatory phase, as evidenced by more severe pathological damage, but also impeded the healing process of the exocrine pancreas by enhancing the formation of ADM and decreasing the ability of acinar cells to proliferate. In addition, deficiency of Acly increased the circulating TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, agumented the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) p65, the expression of TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β and cleaved Caspase-3, and exacerbated excessive oxidative stress in the pancreas at specific time points of AP mice. However, TLR4 inhibition significantly attenuated the structural and functional damage of the pancreas induced by AP in mice with a pancreas-specific deletion of Acly, as indicated by improvement of the above indexes., Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that ablation of pancreatic Acly intensified inflammatory reaction and cell death, and dampened exocrine regeneration following AP, due to the positive regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling activation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

B cells can express pro-inflammatory cytokines that promote a wide variety of immune responses. Here we show that B cells expressing the phosphatidylserine receptor TIM-4, preferentially express IL-17A, as well as IL-22, IL-6, IL-1β, and GM-CSF - a collection of cytokines reminiscent of pathogenic Th17 cells. Expression of this proinflammatory module requires IL-23R signaling and selective expression of RORγt and IL-17A by TIM-4 + B cells. TIM-4 + B cell-derived-IL-17A not only enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and promotes allograft rejection, but also acts in an autocrine manner to prevent their conversion into IL-10-expressing B cells with regulatory function. Thus, IL-17A acts as an inflammatory mediator and also enforces the proinflammatory activity of TIM-4 + B cells. Thus, TIM-4 serves as a broad marker for RORγt + effector B cells (Beff) and allows further study of the signals regulating Beff differentiation and effector molecule expression.

Purpose: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway activation causes chemotherapy resistance, and inhibition of the EGFR pathway sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to chemotherapy in preclinical models. Given the high prevalence of EGFR overexpression in TNBC, we conducted a single-arm phase II study of panitumumab (anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody), carboplatin, and paclitaxel as the second phase of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC)-resistant TNBC (NCT02593175)., Patients and Methods: Patients with early-stage, AC-resistant TNBC, defined as disease progression or ≤80% reduction in tumor volume after four cycles of AC, were eligible for this study and received panitumumab (2.5 mg/kg i.v., every week × 13), paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 i.v. every week × 12), and carboplatin (AUC = 4 i.v., every 3 weeks × 4) as the second phase of NAT. A two-stage Gehan-type design was used to detect an improvement in the pathological complete response (pCR)/residual cancer burden class I (RCB-I) rate from 5% to 20%. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on diagnostic tumor biospecimens, where available., Results: From November 3, 2016, through August 23, 2021, 43 patients with AC-resistant TNBC were enrolled. The combined pCR/RCB-I rate was 30.2%. The most common treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (72%) and anemia (61%), with 7 (16%), 16 (37%), and 8 (19%) patients experiencing grade 4 neutropenia, grade 3 neutropenia, and grade 3 anemia, respectively. No new safety signals were observed., Conclusions: This study met its primary endpoint (pCR/RCB-I = 30.2% vs. 5% in historical controls), suggesting that panitumumab should be evaluated as a component of NAT in patients with chemotherapy-resistant TNBC in a larger, randomized clinical trial., Significance: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has been implicated as a driver of chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we evaluate the combination of panitumumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel as the second phase of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with AC-resistant TNBC. This study met its primary efficacy endpoint, and molecular alterations in EGFR pathway genes did not seem to influence response to the study regimen., (©2024 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have emerged as an effective treatment for osteoporosis. However, the specific mechanism underlying their therapeutic efficacy remains controversial. Herein, we confirm the pro-osteogenic effects of 15 Hz and 0.4-1 mT low-frequency sinusoidal EMFs (SEMFs) on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Subsequent miRNA sequencing reveal that miR-34b-5p is downregulated in both the 0.4 mT and 1 mT SEMFs-stimulated groups. To clarify the role of miR-34b-5p in osteogenesis, BMSCs are transfected separately with miR-34b-5p mimic and inhibitor. The results indicate that miR-34b-5p mimic transfection suppress osteogenic differentiation, whereas inhibition of miR-34b-5p promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In vivo assessments using microcomputed tomography, H&E staining, and Masson staining show that miR-34b-5p inhibitor injections alleviate bone mass loss and trabecular microstructure deterioration in ovariectomy (OVX) rats. Further validation demonstrates that miR-34b-5p exerts its effects by regulating STAC2 expression. Modulating the miR-34b-5p/STAC2 axis attenuate the pro-osteogenic effects of low-frequency SEMFs on BMSCs. These studies indicate that the pro-osteogenic effect of SEMFs is partly due to the regulation of the miR-34b-5p/STAC2 pathway, which provides a potential therapeutic candidate for osteoporosis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS1) expression in primary breast and other solid tumors has been investigated but its role as a marker in metastatic tumors is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of TRPS1 as a breast cancer immunomarker in metastatic tumors that originated from breast, Müllerian, lung, gastrointestinal (GI), and pancreatic primary tumors with cell blocks from fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and effusion specimens., Methods: Cell blocks were immunostained with anti-TRPS1 monoclonal antibody (clone EPR16171). Histochemical scores (H scores) (proportion × intensity; range, 0-300) were assigned; H scores of ≥10 were considered positive. Overall, 160 specimens were examined, including 127 FNAs (35 breast, 25 Müllerian, 36 lung, and 31 GI and pancreatic carcinomas) and 33 effusion specimens (18 breast, 12 Müllerian, one lung, and two GI carcinomas)., Results: TRPS1 was positive in 51 of 53 (96%) metastatic breast carcinomas and in 28 of 107 (26.2%) nonbreast metastatic tumors. Metastatic breast carcinoma showed the highest mean H score of 247.35, compared to 45.36 in Müllerian, 8.4 in lung, and 5.88 in GI tumors. The sensitivity and specificity of TRPS1 for identifying a breast origin in metastatic tumors was 96.22% and 72.89%, respectively., Conclusions: Despite high overall sensitivity, TRPS1 showed lower specificity as a breast immunomarker because of its expression in nonbreast tumors. The mean H score in nonbreast tumors was significantly lower than in metastatic breast tumors. It is important to recognize the broad range of expression of TRPS1 in metastatic breast and nonbreast tumors to avoid an incorrect determination of a metastatic tumor's organ of origin., (© 2024 American Cancer Society.)

Herein, chiral metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), DCF-20 and LCF-20, were utilized as matrices for both chirality transfer and energy transfer. HBT1@MOFs and HBT2@MOFs emit excitation-dependent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) due to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). HBT1/C152/NIR@MOFs exhibit full-color and white CPL. The luminescence dissymmetry factors ( g lum ) were significantly increased, benefiting from the efficient chirality space transfer and high luminescence efficiency.

Through modulating the multidentate ligands, solvent environments, and inorganic tin precursors during the synthesis processes, we have successfully prepared a series of unprecedented heterometallic Sn-Ti oxo clusters with structural diversity and different physiochemical attributes. Initially, two Sn6Ti10 clusters were synthesized using trimethylolpropane as a structure-oriented ligand and SnCl 4 ·5H 2 O as a tin source. Then, when a larger pentadentate ligand di(trimethylolpropane) was used instead of trimethylolpropane and aprotic acetonitrile solvent was introduced into the reaction system, four low-nuclearity Sn-Ti oxo clusters were discovered, including two Sn1Ti1, one Sn2Ti2 and one Sn2Ti6. Finally, two mixed-valence state clusters, SnII4SnIV2TiIV14 and SnII4SnIV4TiIV20, were obtained by transforming the tin precursor from SnCl 4 ·5H 2 O to SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O and adjusting the acetonitrile solution with trace acetic acid/formic acid. Sn8Ti20 is the highest-nuclearity heterometallic Sn-Ti oxo cluster to date. Moreover, comparative electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction experiments were carried out, and it was concluded that the Sn8Ti20-decorated electrode showed the most satisfactory performance due to the influence of mixed-valence states of the Sn atoms and the charging effects provided by 20 Ti 4+ ions. This study presents important guiding significance for the design, synthesis and application optimization of functional heterometallic nanoclusters.

The aim of this paper is to explore an effective model for predicting the compressive strength of concrete using machine learning technology, as well as to interpret the model using an interpretable method, which overcomes the limitation of the unknowable prediction processes of previous machine learning models. An experimental database containing 228 samples of the compressive strength of standard cubic specimens was built in this study, and six algorithms were applied to build the predictive model. The results show that the XGBoost model has the highest prediction accuracy among all models, as the R 2 of the training set and testing set are 0.982 and 0.966, respectively. Further analysis was conducted on the XGBoost model to discuss its applicability. The main steps include the following: (i) obtaining key features, (ii) obtaining trends in the evolution of features, (iii) single-sample analysis, and (iv) conducting a correlation analysis to explore methods of visualizing the variations in the factors that exert influence. The interpretability analyses on the XGBoost model show that the contribution to the compressive strength by each factor is highly in line with the conventional theory. In summary, the XGBoost model proved to be effective in predicting concrete's compressive strength.

To realize a low-cost neuromorphic visual system, employing an artificial neuron capable of mimicking the retinal neuron functions is essential. A photoresponsive single transistor neuron composed of a vertical silicon nanowire is proposed. Similar to retinal neurons, various photoresponsive characteristics of the single transistor neuron can be modulated by light intensity as well as wavelength and have a high responsivity to green light like the human eye. The device is designed with a cylindrical surrounding double-gate structure, enclosed by an independently controlled outer gate and inner gate. The outer gate has the function of selectively inhibiting neuron activity, which can mimic lateral inhibition of amacrine cells to ganglion cells, and the inner gate can be utilized for the adjustment of the firing threshold voltage, which can be used to mimic the regulation of photoresponsivity by horizontal cells for adaptive visual perception. Furthermore, a myelination function that controls the speed of information transmission is obtained according to the inherent asymmetric source/drain structure of a vertical silicon nanowire. This work can enable photoresponsive neuronal function using only a single transistor, providing a promising hardware implementation for building miniaturized neuromorphic vision systems at low cost., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Two pairs of chiral MOFs with hierarchical chiral structures were constructed through assembly of achiral AIE-type multidentate linkers and chiral camphoric acid. Non-reciprocal circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) can be observed on the macroscopic due to the coexistence of optical anisotropic and chiroptical nature. This study provides a new perspective to recognize and construct chiral crystalline materials.

Purpose: The recent findings from the DESTINY-Breast04 trial highlighted the clinical importance of distinguishing between HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores 0 and 1 + in metastatic breast cancer (BC). However, pathologist interpretation of HER2 IHC scoring is subjective, and standardized methodology is needed. We evaluated the consistency of HER2 IHC scoring among pathologists and the accuracy of digital image analysis (DIA) in interpreting HER2 IHC staining in cases of HER2-low BC., Methods: Fifty whole-slide biopsies of BC with HER2 IHC staining were evaluated, comprising 25 cases originally reported as IHC score 0 and 25 as 1 +. These slides were digitally scanned. Six pathologists with breast expertise independently reviewed and scored the scanned images, and DIA was applied. Agreement among pathologists and concordance between pathologist scores and DIA results were statistically analyzed using Kendall coefficient of concordance (W) tests., Results: Substantial agreement among at least five of the six pathologists was found for 18 of the score 0 cases (72%) and 15 of the score 1 + cases (60%), indicating excellent interobserver agreement (W = 0.828). DIA scores were highly concordant with pathologist scores in 96% of cases (47/49), indicating excellent concordance (W = 0.959)., Conclusion: Although breast subspecialty pathologists were relatively consistent in evaluating BC with HER2 IHC scores of 0 and 1 +, DIA may be a reliable supplementary tool to enhance the standardization and quantification of HER2 IHC assessment, especially in challenging cases where results may be ambiguous (i.e., scores 0-1 +). These findings hold promise for improving the accuracy and consistency of HER2 testing., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally. Recent reports suggest that Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ) contributes to the initiation, progression, and prognosis of CRC. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid derived from the bacterial fermentation of soluble dietary fiber, is known to inhibit various cancers. This study is designed to explore whether F. nucleatum influences the onset and progression of CRC by impacting the intestinal metabolite butyric acid., Aim: To investigate the mechanism by which F. nucleatum affects CRC occurrence and development., Methods: Alterations in the gut microbiota of BALB/c mice were observed following the oral administration of F. nucleatum . Additionally, DLD-1 and HCT116 cell lines were exposed to sodium butyrate (NaB) and F. nucleatum in vitro to examine the effects on proliferative proteins and mitochondrial function., Results: Our research indicates that the prevalence of F. nucleatum in fecal samples from CRC patients is significantly greater than in healthy counterparts, while the prevalence of butyrate-producing bacteria is notably lower. In mice colonized with F. nucleatum , the population of butyrate-producing bacteria decreased, resulting in altered levels of butyric acid, a key intestinal metabolite of butyrate. Exposure to NaB can impair mitochondrial morphology and diminish mitochondrial membrane potential in DLD-1 and HCT116 CRC cells. Consequently, this leads to modulated production of adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, NaB triggers the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, blocks the cell cycle in HCT116 and DLD-1 cells, and curtails the proliferation of CRC cells. The combined presence of F. nucleatum and NaB attenuated the effects of the latter. By employing small interfering RNA to suppress AMPK, it was demonstrated that AMPK is essential for NaB's inhibition of CRC cell proliferation., Conclusion: F. nucleatum can promote cancer progression through its inhibitory effect on butyric acid, via the AMPK signaling pathway., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report having no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Tubulin polyglutamylase complex subunit 2 (TPGS2) is an element of the neuronal polyglutamylase complex that plays a role in the post-translational addition of glutamate residues to C-terminal tubulin tails. Recent research has shown that TPGS2 is associated with some tumors, but the roles of TPGS2 in tumor immunity remain unclear., Methods: The research data were mainly sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The data were analyzed to identify potential correlations between TPGS2 expression and survival, gene alterations, the tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune infiltration, and various immune-related genes across various cancers. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to identify the significance. A log-rank test and univariate Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the survival state of the patients. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to show the correlations., Results: TPGS2 exhibited abnormal expression patterns in most types of cancers, and has promising prognostic potential in adrenocortical carcinoma and liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Further, TPGS2 expression was significantly correlated with molecular and immune subtypes. Moreover, the single-cell analyses showed that the expression of TPGS2 was associated with the cell cycle, metastasis, invasion, inflammation, and DNA damage. In addition, the immune cell infiltration analysis and gene-set enrichment analysis demonstrated that a variety of immune cells and immune processes were associated with TPGS2 expression in various cancers. Further, immune regulators, including immunoinhibitors, immunostimulators, the major histocompatibility complex, chemokines, and chemokine receptors, were correlated with TPGS2 expression in different cancer types. Finally, the TMB and MSI, which have been identified as powerful predictors of immunotherapy, were shown to be correlated with the expression of TPGS2 across human cancers., Conclusions: TPGS2 is aberrantly expressed in most cancer tissues and might be associated with immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. TPGS2 could serve not only as a biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes, but also as a promising biomarker for evaluating and developing new approaches to immunotherapy in many types of cancers, especially colon adenocarcinoma and stomach adenocarcinoma., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tcr-23-113/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Although BRCA1/2 mutations are not commonly found in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a substantial fraction of SCLC shows clinically relevant response to PARP inhibitors (PARPis). However, the underlying mechanism(s) of PARPi sensitivity in SCLC is poorly understood. We performed quantitative proteomic analyses and identified proteomic changes that signify PARPi responses in SCLC cells. We found that the vulnerability of SCLC to PARPi could be explained by the degradation of lineage-specific oncoproteins (e.g., ASCL1). PARPi-induced activation of the E3 ligase HUWE1 mediated the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-dependent ASCL1 degradation. Although PARPi induced a general DNA damage response in SCLC cells, this signal generated a cell-specific response in ASCL1 degradation, leading to the identification of HUWE1 expression as a predictive biomarker for PARPi. Combining PARPi with agents targeting these pathways markedly improved therapeutic response in SCLC. The degradation of lineage-specific oncoproteins therefore represents a previously unidentified mechanism for PARPi efficacy in SCLC.

Algal toxins are important metabolites of toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs), and their qualitative and qualitative detection can serve as early warning indicators for toxic HABs, complementing traditional HAB monitoring and improving the accuracy of early warning. Therefore, this work took the detection of domoic acid (DA) as an example and prepared zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) with high enrichment performance and high water stability and its core-shell composite material SiO 2 @ZIF-8 as an adsorbent filler. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and interference experiments verified that Zn 2+ on SiO 2 @ZIF-8 played a crucial role in enriching DA on SiO 2 @ZIF-8. By using it as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) filler, it showed excellent performance compared with other SPE columns (C18/HLB/SAX/ZIF-8). Therefore, the SiO 2 @ZIF-8 column was coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) to establish a highly sensitive detection method for algal toxins in seawater, which had a wide linear range (12.0-5000.0 ng L -1 ), good reproducibility (RSD) and low limit of detection (4.0 ng L -1 ), and realized the monitoring of trace DA in the Pingtan sea area of Fujian Province from 2021 to 2022. By comparing other HAB early warning indicators such as salinity and pH and combining them with the information released by the Fujian Provincial Ocean and Fisheries Bureau, the content of DA in seawater measured by the established SPE-HPLC-MS/MS method can provide reference information for HAB monitoring and early warning.

Urban wetlands play a crucial role in sustainable social development. However, current research mainly focuses on specific wetland types, and fine extraction of urban wetlands remains a challenge. This study proposes a fine extraction framework based on hierarchical decision trees and shape features for urban wetlands, using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data to obtain detailed wetland data of Wuhan and Nanchang from 2016 to 2022. Our framework applies random forests to classify land cover, extracts urban fine wetlands by hierarchical decision trees and shape features, and assesses the dynamics of wetlands in the two cities. We also analyzed and discussed the characteristics of urban wetlands in the two cities. The results show that wetland accuracies of Wuhan and Nanchang are greater than 84.5 % and 82.9 %, respectively. The wetland areas of Wuhan in 2016, 2019, and 2022 are 1969.4 km 2 , 1713.8 km 2 , and 1681.1 km 2 , while those in Nanchang are 1405.9 km 2 , 1361.6 km 2 , and 766.9 km 2 . Inland wetlands are the main wetland types in both regions, with lake wetlands accounting for the highest proportion (over 40 %). The urban wetlands in the two cities exhibit different spatial and temporal evolution patterns, with varying change trends of wetland area and the structural proportions of fine wetlands. Besides, Wuhan's urban wetlands are primarily located in the south, while Nanchang's urban wetlands are concentrated in the east, exhibiting higher spatial and temporal dynamics. Analysis suggests that the reduced urban wetlands from 2016 to 2022 are related to fluctuating decreasing precipitation, growing population, and gross domestic product (GDP). Our study provides support for the conservation of urban wetland resources in Wuhan and Nanchang and highlights the need for targeted management strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is the main physiological and pathological mechanism of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). The specific mechanism for LFH has not been completely clarified. In this study, bioinformatic analysis, human ligamentum flavum (LF) tissues collection and analysis, and in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to explore the effect of decorin (DCN) on LFH pathogenesis. Here, we found that TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA and fibronectin were significantly upregulated in hypertrophic LF samples. The DCN protein expression in hypertrophic LF samples was higher than that in non-LFH samples, but the difference was not significant. DCN inhibited the expression of TGF-β1-induced fibrosis-associated proteins in human LF cells, including collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and fibronectin. ELISAs showed that TGF-β1 can upregulate PINP and PIIINP in the cell supernatant, and this effect was inhibited after DCN administration. Mechanistic studies revealed that DCN suppressed TGF-β1-induced fibrosis by blocking the TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway. In addition, DCN ameliorated mechanical stress-induced LFH in vivo. In summary, our findings indicated that DCN ameliorated mechanical stress-induced LFH by antagonizing the TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. These findings imply that DCN is a potential therapeutic candidate for ligamentum flavum hypertrophy., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Aim: To establish a scoring system for risk assessment (SSRA) for internal fistula needle dislodgement (IND) in hemodialysis (HD) patients., Methods: The SSRA was constructed based on literature search, medical history review, expert consultations, expert meeting (Delphi study), and analytic hierarchy process. Then, a pilot test was conducted at our hospital between August 1, 2020, and July 30, 2021. Consecutive patients requiring HD were included and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (1:1 ratio). Control group was treated with the routine procedures, while the experimental group was treated with strengthened nursing measures based on the individual risk assessed by SSRA. Finally, the incidence of IND was compared between the two groups., Results: For the Delphi study, 16 experts in dialysis nursing in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Qinghai were included. The final draft of the SSRA included three first-level indices, 11 second-level indices, and 26 third-level indices. A total of 218 HD patients were included. The IND rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < .01)., Conclusion: We established a scientific, reliable, and feasible SSRA for timely identification of HD patients with high risk of IND and the corresponding nursing procedures to prevent IND., (© 2023 Japan Academy of Nursing Science.)

Background: Pipkin type III femoral head fractures are relatively rare injuries. Few studies have explored and described the treatment and outcomes of Pipkin type III femoral head fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in treating Pipkin type III femoral head fractures., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with Pipkin type III femoral head fractures who underwent ORIF from July 2010 and January 2018. The complications and reoperations were recorded. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, Harris hip score (HHS), Thompson-Epstein criteria, and SF-12 score [including the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS)] were used for functional assessment., Results: Among the 12 patients, ten were males and two were females, with a mean age of 34.2 ± 11.9 years. The median follow-up time was 6 years (range 4-8 years). Five patients (42%) developed osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and one patient (8%) developed nonunion. These six patients (50%) underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). One patient (8%) developed heterotopic ossification and underwent ectopic bone excision; this patient also presented with post-traumatic arthritis. The mean final VAS pain score and HHS were 4.1 ± 3.1 points and 62.8 ± 24.4 points, respectively. According to the Thompson-Epstein criteria, there was one patient (8%) with excellent, four patients (33%) with good, one patient (8%) with fair, and six patients (50%) with poor outcomes. The PCS score and MCS score were 41.7 ± 34.7 points and 63.2 ± 14.5 points, respectively., Conclusion: Limited by the high incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory functional outcomes when treating Pipkin type III femoral head fractures using ORIF, and a primary THA may be considered. However, for younger patients, considering the survivorship of prosthesis, ORIF may be recommended with the proviso that the patient is fully informed of the high complication rate associated with this procedure., Level of Evidence: IV., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Neoadjuvant anti-PD-(L)1 therapy improves the pathological complete response (pCR) rate in unselected triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Given the potential for long-term morbidity from immune-related adverse events (irAEs), optimizing the risk-benefit ratio for these agents in the curative neoadjuvant setting is important. Suboptimal clinical response to initial neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is associated with low rates of pCR (2-5%) and may define a patient selection strategy for neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade. We conducted a single-arm phase II study of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel as the second phase of NAT in patients with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC)-resistant TNBC (NCT02530489)., Methods: Patients with stage I-III, AC-resistant TNBC, defined as disease progression or a < 80% reduction in tumor volume after 4 cycles of AC, were eligible. Patients received atezolizumab (1200 mg IV, Q3weeks × 4) and nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m 2 IV,Q1 week × 12) as the second phase of NAT before undergoing surgery followed by adjuvant atezolizumab (1200 mg IV, Q3 weeks, × 4). A two-stage Gehan-type design was employed to detect an improvement in pCR/residual cancer burden class I (RCB-I) rate from 5 to 20%., Results: From 2/15/2016 through 1/29/2021, 37 patients with AC-resistant TNBC were enrolled. The pCR/RCB-I rate was 46%. No new safety signals were observed. Seven patients (19%) discontinued atezolizumab due to irAEs., Conclusion: This study met its primary endpoint, demonstrating a promising signal of activity in this high-risk population (pCR/RCB-I = 46% vs 5% in historical controls), suggesting that a response-adapted approach to the utilization of neoadjuvant immunotherapy should be considered for further evaluation in a randomized clinical trial., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) are increasing in popularity as a safe and non-invasive therapy. On the one hand, it is widely acknowledged that EMF can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, promoting the undifferentiated cells capable of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and chondroblast differentiation to achieve bone repair purpose. On the other hand, EMF can inhibit tumor stem cells proliferation and promote apoptosis to suppress tumor growth. As an essential second messenger, intracellular calcium plays a role in regulating cell cycle, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that the modulation of intracellular calcium ion by EMF leads to differential outcomes in different stem cells. This review summarizes the regulation of channels, transporters, and ion pumps by EMF-induced calcium oscillations. It furtherly discusses the role of molecules and pathways activated by EMF-dependent calcium oscillations in promoting bone and cartilage repair and inhibiting tumor stem cells growth., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an increase in the number and changes in the function of innate immune cells including neutrophils. However, it is not known how the metabolome of immune cells changes in patients with COVID-19. To address these questions, we analyzed the metabolome of neutrophils from patients with severe or mild COVID-19 and healthy controls. We identified widespread dysregulation of neutrophil metabolism with disease progression including in amino acid, redox, and central carbon metabolism. Metabolic changes in neutrophils from patients with severe COVID-19 were consistent with reduced activity of the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH. Inhibition of GAPDH blocked glycolysis and promoted pentose phosphate pathway activity but blunted the neutrophil respiratory burst. Inhibition of GAPDH was sufficient to cause neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation which required neutrophil elastase activity. GAPDH inhibition increased neutrophil pH, and blocking this increase prevented cell death and NET formation. These findings indicate that neutrophils in severe COVID-19 have an aberrant metabolism which can contribute to their dysfunction. Our work also shows that NET formation, a pathogenic feature of many inflammatory diseases, is actively suppressed in neutrophils by a cell-intrinsic mechanism controlled by GAPDH., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease and is the main cause of physical disability in the elderly. Currently, there is no adequate therapeutic strategy to reverse the progression of OA. Many natural plant extracts have received attention in the treatment of OA due to their potential anti-inflammatory properties, and reduced incidence of adverse events. Dioscin (Dio), a natural steroid saponin, has been demonstrated to inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines in mouse and rat models of various diseases, and has a protective effect in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, whether Dio alleviates OA progression remains to be explored. In this research, our purposes were to investigate the therapeutic potential of Dio in OA. The results demonstrated that Dio exerted anti-inflammatory effects by repressing NO, PGE 2 , iNOS and COX-2. Moreover, the application of Dio could repress IL-1β-induced overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, including MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13) and ADAMTS-5, and improve the synthesis of collagen II and aggrecan, which contribute to the maintenance of chondrocyte matrix homeostasis. The underlying mechanism involved the inhibition of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by Dio. Furthermore, the treatment of Dio significantly improved the pain behaviors of rat OA models. The in vivo study revealed that Dio could ameliorate cartilage erosion and degradation. These results collectively indicate that Dio can be used as a promising and effective agent for the therapy of OA., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and porcine sapelovirus (PSV) are two viruses that can cause diarrhoea in pigs and bring great economic loss to the pig industry. In this research, a duplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay based on SYBR Green I was developed to simultaneously detect PDCoV and PSV. No specific melting peaks were found in other porcine diarrhoea-associated viruses, indicating that the method developed in this study had good specificity. The detection limits of PDCoV and PSV were 1.0 × 10 1  copies μl -1 and 1.0 × 10 2 copies μl -1 , respectively. The duplex real-time qPCR assay tested two hundred and three (203) intestinal and faecal samples collected from diarrhoeal and asymptomatic pigs. The positive rates of PDCoV and PSV were 20.2% and 23.2%, respectively. The co-infection rate of PDCoV and PSV was 13.8%. To evaluate the accuracy of the developed method, conventional PCR and singular TaqMan real-time qPCR assays for PDCoV/PSV were also used to detect the samples. The results showed that the duplex real-time qPCR assay was consistent with the singular assays, but its sensitivity was higher than conventional PCR methods. This duplex real-time qPCR assay provides a rapid, sensitive and reliable method in a clinic to simultaneously detect PDCoV and PSV., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Lu et al.)

Purpose: We evaluated he effects of molecular guided-targeted therapy for intractable cancer. Also, the epidemiology of druggable gene alterations in Chinese population was investigated., Materials and Methods: The Long March Pathway (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03239015) is a non-randomized, open-label, phase II trial consisting of several basket studies examining the molecular profiles of intractable cancers in the Chinese population. The trial aimed to 1) evaluate the efficacy of targeted therapy for intractable cancer and 2) identify the molecular epidemiology of the tier II gene alterations among Chinese pan-cancer patients., Results: In the first stage, molecular profiles of 520 intractable pan-cancer patients were identified, and 115 patients were identified to have tier II gene alterations. Then, 27 of these 115 patients received targeted therapy based on molecular profiles. The overall response rate (ORR) was 29.6% (8/27), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 44.4% (12/27). The median duration of response (DOR) was 4.80 months (95% CI, 3.33-27.2), and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.67 months (95% CI, 2.33-9.50). In the second stage, molecular epidemiology of 17,841 Chinese pan-cancer patients demonstrated that the frequency of tier II gene alterations across cancer types is 17.7%. Bladder cancer had the most tier-II alterations (26.1%), followed by breast cancer (22.4%), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 20.2%)., Conclusion: The Long March Pathway trial demonstrated a significant clinical benefit for intractable cancer from molecular-guided targeted therapy in the Chinese population. The frequency of tier II gene alterations across cancer types supports the feasibility of molecular-guided targeted therapy under basket trials., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Jiao, Qin, Wang, Liu, Wu, Ling, Qin, Wang, Yuan, Barreto, Kim, Mak, Li, Xu, Qiu, Wu, Jin, Xu, Zhong, Yang, Chen, Zeng, Shi, Zhu, Ding, Jia, Liu, Zhou, Shen, Yao, Guo, Li, Zhou, Dong, Lu, Coleman, Akce, Akladios, Puccetti and Zang.)

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant tumor in bone and its prognosis has reached a plateau in the past few decades. Recently, metabolic reprogramming has attracted increasing attention in the field of cancer research. In our previous study, P2RX7 has been identified as an oncogene in osteosarcoma. However, whether and how P2RX7 promotes osteosarcoma growth and metastasis through metabolic reprogramming remains unexplored., Methods: We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to establish P2RX7 knockout cell lines. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to explore metabolic reprogramming in osteosarcoma. RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were used to determine gene expression related to glucose metabolism. Cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flowcytometry. The capacity of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were assessed by seahorse experiments. PET/CT was carried out to assess glucose uptake in vivo., Results: We demonstrated that P2RX7 significantly promotes glucose metabolism in osteosarcoma via upregulating the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism. Inhibition of glucose metabolism largely abolishes the ability of P2RX7 to promote osteosarcoma progression. Mechanistically, P2RX7 enhances c-Myc stabilization by facilitating nuclear retention and reducing ubiquitination-dependent degradation. Furthermore, P2RX7 promotes osteosarcoma growth and metastasis through metabolic reprogramming in a predominantly c-Myc-dependent manner., Conclusions: P2RX7 plays a key role in metabolic reprogramming and osteosarcoma progression via increasing c-Myc stability. These findings provide new evidence that P2RX7 might be a potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic target for osteosarcoma. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic reprogramming appear to hold promise for a breakthrough in the treatment of osteosarcoma., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: To assess the clinical and radiographical outcomes of 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with a 3D-printed titanium cage in treating degenerative cervical spondylosis., Methods: In this study, 25 patients with degenerative cervical spondylosis who underwent 3-level ACDF using a 3D-printed titanium cage from March 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) for the neck (VAS-neck) and arm pain (VAS-arm), Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, SF-12 concise health survey, and the Odom criteria. The radiographical parameters, including C2-C7 lordosis, segmental angle, segmental height, and subsidence, were assessed. The mean duration of follow-up was 25.6 months., Results: Bony fusion was achieved in all patients (100%). In three patients (12%) mild dysphagia was observed during the follow-up. The VAS-neck, VAS-arm, NDI score, JOA score, SF-12 score, C2-C7 lordosis, and segmental angle improved noticeably at the latest follow-up. Based on the Odom criteria, 22 patients (88%) reported satisfactory (excellent or good). The mean loss of C2-C7 lordosis and segmental angle between the immediate postoperative and the latest follow-up values were 1.6° ± 0.5° and 1.1° ± 0.5°, respectively. The mean subsidence was 0.9 ± 0.6 mm., Conclusion: In patients with multi-level degenerative cervical spondylosis, 3-level ACDF using the 3D-printed titanium cage can effectively relieve the symptoms, stabilize the spine, and restore segmental height and cervical curvature. It is proven to be a reliable option for patients with 3-level degenerative cervical spondylosis. However, a future comparative study involving a larger population and longer follow-up time may be required to further evaluate the safety, efficacy and outcomes of our preliminary results., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2023 Wang, Fang, Qu, Lu, Yu, Jing, Ding, Liu, Wu and Liu.)

Background: Magnetofection-mediated gene delivery shows great therapeutic potential through the regulation of the direction and degree of differentiation. Lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a serious global orthopaedic problem. However, even though intervertebral fusion is the gold standard for the treatment of DDD, its therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory. Here, we described a novel magnetofection system for delivering therapeutic miRNAs to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in patients with lumbar DDD., Results: Co-stimulation with electromagnetic field (EMF) and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) enhanced magnetofection efficiency significantly. Moreover, in vitro, magnetofection of miR-21 into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) influenced their cellular behaviour and promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Then, gene-edited seed cells were planted onto polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds (PCL/HA scaffolds) and evolved into the ideal tissue-engineered bone to promote intervertebral fusion. Finally, our results showed that EMF and polyethyleneimine (PEI)@IONPs were enhancing transfection efficiency by activating the p38 MAPK pathway., Conclusion: Our findings illustrate that a magnetofection system for delivering miR-21 into BMSCs and HUVECs promoted osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo and that magnetofection transfection efficiency improved significantly under the co-stimulation of EMF and IONPs. Moreover, it relied on the activation of p38 MAPK pathway. This magnetofection system could be a promising therapeutic approach for various orthopaedic diseases., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) emerged as one of the exceptional means for bone defects owing to it providing mechanical supports to guide bone tissue regeneration. Great advances have been made to facilitate the success of BTE in regenerating bone within defects. The use of externally applied fields has been regarded as an alternative strategy for BTE. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), known as a simple and non-invasive therapy, can remotely provide electric and magnetic stimulation to cells and biomaterials, thus applying EMFs to assist BTE would be a promising strategy for bone regeneration. When combined with BTE, EMFs improve cell adhesion to the material surface by promoting protein adsorption. Additionally, EMFs have positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells and show capabilities of pro-angiogenesis and macrophage polarization manipulation. These advantages of EMFs indicate that it is perfectly suitable for representing the adjuvant treatment of BTE. We also summarize studies concerning combinations of EMFs and diverse biomaterial types. The strategy of combining EMFs and BTE receives encouraging outcomes and holds a promising future for effectively treating bone defects., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Drought-land cover change (D-LCC) is considered to be an important stress factor that affects vegetation greenness and productivity (VG&P) in global terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the effects of D-LCC on VG&P benefits the development of terrestrial ecosystem models and the prediction of ecosystem evolution. However, till today, the mechanism remains underexploited. In this study, based on the Theil-Sen median estimator and Mann-Kendall test, Hurst exponent evaluation and rescaled range analysis (R/S), Pearson and Partial correlation coefficient analyses, we explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and future trends of Leaf area index (LAI), Net primary productivity (NPP), Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), Soil moisture (SM), Land cover type (LC), and the impact mechanism of D-LCC on global VG&P. Our results provide four major insights. First, three independent satellite observations consistently indicate that the world is experiencing an increasing trend of VG&P: LAI (17.69 %), NPP (20.32 %) and SIF (16.46 %). Nonetheless, productivity-reducing trends are unfolding in some tropical regions, notably the Amazon rainforest and the Congo basin. Second, from 2001 to 2020, the frequency, severity, duration, and scope of global droughts have been increasing. Third, the impact of land cover change on global VG&P is region-dependent. Finally, our results indicate that the continuous growth of VG&P in the global vegetation area is likely to become more difficult to maintain., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent chronic degenerative joint diseases affecting adults in their middle or later years. It is characterized by symptoms such as joint pain, difficulty in movement, disability, and even loss of motion. Moreover, the onset and progression of inflammation are directly associated with OA. In this research, we evaluated the impact of Flavokawain A (FKA) on osteoarthritis. In-vitro effects of FKA on murine chondrocytes have been examined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), safranin o staining, western blot, immunofluorescence staining, senescence β-galactosidase staining, flow cytometry analysis, and mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus infection. An in-vivo model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was employed to investigate FKA's effect on OA mouse. An analysis of bioinformatics was performed on FKA and its potential role in OA. It was observed that FKA blocked interleukin (IL)-1β-induced expression of inflammatory factors, i.e., cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in chondrocytes. In addition, FKA also downregulated the catabolic enzyme expression, i.e., aggrecanase-2 (ADAMTS5) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and helped in the upregulation of the anabolic protein expression, i.e., type II collagen (Col2), Aggrecan, and sry-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9). Moreover, FKA ameliorated IL-1β-triggered autophagy in chondrocytes, and it was observed that the FKA causes anti-inflammatory effects by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathways inhibition. The results of immunohistochemical analysis and microcomputed tomography from the in vivo OA mouse model confirmed the therapeutic effect of FKA. Finally, we assessed the anti-arthritic impacts of FKA by conducting in vivo and in vitro analyses. We concluded that FKA can be employed as a useful therapeutic agent for OA therapy, but the findings require needs further clinical investigation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Jing, Wan, Wang, He, Ding, Sheng, Wang, Zhao, Zhu, Wu and Li.)

31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements have been carried out to investigate the magnetic properties and spin dynamics of Fe 3+ ( S = 5/2) spins in the two-dimensional triangular lattice (TL) compound Na 3 Fe(PO 4 ) 2 . The temperature ( T ) dependence of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) shows a clear peak around Néel temperature,TN=10.9K, corresponding to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition. From the temperature dependence of NMR shift ( K ) aboveTN, an exchange coupling between Fe 3+ spins was estimated to beJ/kB≃1.9K using the spin-5/2 Heisenberg isotropic-TL model. The temperature dependence of1/T1Tdivided by the magnetic susceptibility ( χ ),1/T1Tχ, aboveTNproves the AFM nature of spin fluctuations below∼50 Kin the paramagnetic state. In the magnetically ordered state belowTN, the characteristic rectangular shape of the NMR spectra is observed, indicative of a commensurate AFM state in its ground state. The strong temperature dependence of 1/ T 1 in the AFM state is well explained by the two-magnon (Raman) process of the spin waves in a 3D antiferromagnet with a spin-anisotropy energy gap of 5.7 K. The temperature dependence of sublattice magnetization is also well reproduced by the spin waves. Those results indicate that the magnetically ordered state of Na 3 Fe(PO 4 ) 2 is a conventional 3D AFM state, and no obvious spin frustration effects were detected in its ground state., (© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.)

Delay discounting (DD) refers to the phenomenon in which the subjective value of future rewards is reduced over time. There are individual differences in the DD rate, and increased discounting has been observed in those with various psychiatric disorders. Episodic future thinking (EFT) is the act of vividly imagining events that may happen in the future. Studies have shown that EFT could reduce DD, although inconsistent results have been reported. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the efficacy with which EFT reduces DD and to identify potential moderators. Forty-seven studies (including 63 contrasts) were included in the final analysis. EFT was found to significantly reduce DD (Hedges' g  = 0.52). Moderator analysis showed that positive EFT ( g  = 0.64) was more effective in reducing DD than EFT with the valence not specifically mentioned ( g  = 0.28) and EFT with neutral or negative valence ( g  = -0.03). In addition, several factors related to the control task and DD task were related to the efficacy of EFT to reduce DD. These findings have implications for using EFT to reduce DD in the future.

To study the influence of conventional literature on foreign literature driven by big data, this essay begins with surveys and interviews. Chinese big data-driven corpora are distinct from other Chinese corpora, as is widely known. Its main objective is to categorize professional corpora that are unknown and fall within the category of professional corpora. In order to provide a straightforward and useful domain partitioning model for corpus texts, this research makes use of text clustering and big data-driven methodologies. We can easily determine the domain of the aligned text, making it easier to do machine translation research in the future. The research findings demonstrate that the accuracy rate of the approach suggested in this article is essentially above 89.79%, demonstrating the viability of the way of automatically building a corpus suggested in this paper in the experiment., Competing Interests: The author does not have any possible conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Qing Ding.)

The invention describes a deep learning-based technique for monitoring power grid information operation and maintenance. Based on the time series data information in the power grid information operation and maintenance monitoring system, this method obtains the cleaned time series data through appropriate data preprocessing technology. This also uses the long-term and short-term memory neural network to realize the prediction function of the time series data to be detected. The reason behind is to construct the normal behavior model of the time series. Additionally, the control chart based on an exponentially weighted moving average is employed to determine whether the time series to be discovered contains any anomalous and abnormal phenomena. In the area of power grid information operation and maintenance monitoring, the method of invention is designed to counter anomaly. This phenomenon is universal in nature and has significant scientific importance for guiding treatment after the anomaly is discovered. Additionally, it guards against serious faults that the abnormality might bring about., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicting interests., (Copyright © 2022 Dezhi Mi et al.)

Background: Artesunate (AS) is a derivative of artemisinin that can exert anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to explore the effect of AS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)., Methods: The newborn mice were used for experimental ARDS model establishment by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) into mice with or without AS (20 mg/kg) pretreatment. After that, the pathological morphology of mouse lung tissue was observed by H&E staining. The content of inflammatory factors in serum was measured by ELISA and mRNA expression and lung tissue was determined by qRT-PCR. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and related proteins in lung tissue was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot., Results: AS treatment effectively alleviated the LPS-induced lung injury and pulmonary edema, and reduced the expression of IL-1 β , IL-18, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF- α in serum and lung tissues of experimental ARDS mice. In addition, AS treatment reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 in lung tissues of experimental ARDS mice., Conclusion: AS alleviated LPS-induced lung injury in ARDS mice by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yifei Cui et al.)

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common and dominant inherited neuromuscular dystrophy disease in adults, involving multiple organs, including the brain. Although structural measurements showed that DM1 is predominantly associated with white-matter damage, they failed to reveal the dysfunction of the white-matter. Recent studies have demonstrated that the functional activity of white-matter is of great significance and has given us insights into revealing the mechanisms of brain disorders., Materials and Methods: Using resting-state fMRI data, we adopted a clustering analysis to identify the white-matter functional networks and calculated functional connectivity between these networks in 16 DM1 patients and 18 healthy controls (HCs). A two-sample t -test was conducted between the two groups. Partial correlation analyzes were performed between the altered white-matter FC and clinical MMSE or HAMD scores., Results: We identified 13 white-matter functional networks by clustering analysis. These white-matter functional networks can be divided into a three-layer network (superficial, middle, and deep) according to their spatial distribution. Compared to HCs, DM1 patients showed increased FC within intra-layer white-matter and inter-layer white-matter networks. For intra-layer networks, the increased FC was mainly located in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, prefrontal cortex, and corpus callosum networks. For inter-layer networks, the increased FC of DM1 patients is mainly located in the superior corona radiata and deep networks., Conclusion: Results demonstrated the abnormalities of white-matter functional connectivity in DM1 located in both intra-layer and inter-layer white-matter networks and suggested that the pathophysiology mechanism of DM1 may be related to the white-matter functional dysconnectivity. Furthermore, it may facilitate the treatment development of DM1., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Li, Li, Huang, Huang, Ding, Zhan, Li, Zhang, Zhang, Cheng, Li, Liu, Zhou and Jia.)

Purpose: Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer that is commonly triple-negative and poorly responsive to neoadjuvant therapy in retrospective studies., Experimental Design: To better define clinical outcomes and correlates of response, we analyzed the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy, survival outcomes, and genomic and transcriptomic profiles of the pretreatment tumors in a prospective clinical trial (NCT02276443). A total of 211 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), including 39 with MpBC, received doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide-based neoadjuvant therapy., Results: Although not meeting the threshold for statistical significance, patients with MpBCs were less likely to experience a pCR (23% vs. 40%; P = 0.07), had shorter event-free survival (29.4 vs. 32.2 months, P = 0.15), metastasis-free survival (30.3 vs. 32.4 months, P = 0.22); and overall survival (32.6 vs. 34.3 months, P = 0.21). This heterogeneity is mirrored in the molecular profiling. Mutations in PI3KCA (23% vs. 9%, P = 0.07) and its pathway (41% vs. 18%, P = 0.02) were frequently observed and enriched in MpBCs. The gene expression profiles of each histologically defined subtype were distinguishable and characterized by distinctive gene signatures. Among nonmetaplastic (non-Mp) TNBCs, 10% possessed a metaplastic-like gene expression signature and had pCR rates and survival outcomes similar to MpBC., Conclusions: Further investigations will determine if metaplastic-like tumors should be treated more similarly to MpBC in the clinic. The 23% pCR rate in this study suggests that patients with MpBC should be considered for NAT. To improve this rate, a pathway analysis predicted enrichment of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and RTK/MAPK pathways in MpBC, which may serve as new targetable vulnerabilities., (©2022 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy disorder, and mounting evidence has revealed that circular RNA participates in PE development. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of circ&#95;0007611 in PE progression remains unknown. RNA expressions of circ&#95;0007611, microRNA-558 (miR-558), and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation was investigated by clonogenicity, 5-Ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine, and DNA content quantitation assays. Cell apoptotic rate and angiogenesis were analyzed by cell apoptosis and tube formation assays, respectively. Protein expression was detected by western blot. The binding relationship between miR-558 and circ&#95;0007611 or IL1RAP was identified by a dual-luciferase reporter or RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Circ&#95;0007611 and IL1RAP expressions were significantly upregulated, while miR-558 was downregulated in the placental tissues of PE women in comparison with normal placental tissues. Functionally, circ&#95;0007611 overexpression inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation and angiogenesis and induced cell apoptosis; however, circ&#95;0007611 downregulation showed the opposite effects. Mechanistically, circ&#95;0007611 acted as a miR-558 sponge, and miR-558 bound to IL1RAP. Besides, miR-558 overexpression or IL1RAP absence relieved circ&#95;0007611-induced trophoblast cell dysfunction. Moreover, miR-558 contributed to cell proliferation and tube formation and inhibited cell apoptosis by reducing IL1RAP expression in trophoblast cells. Circ&#95;0007611 aggravated trophoblast cell disorders by the miR-558/IL1RAP pathway in PE., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for the Study of Reproduction. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Salt tolerance during seed germination is essential for seedling establishment under salt stress. Sirtuin-like proteins, NAD + -dependent histone deacetylases, are involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses; however, the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. We elucidated the mechanism underlying AtSRT2 (a sirtuin-like protein)-mediated regulation of salt tolerance during seed germination in Arabidopsis. The AtSRT2 mutant srt2 exhibited significantly reduced seed germination percentages under salt stress; its targets were identified via chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with ultra-high-throughput parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-Seq) assay. Epistasis analysis was performed to identify AtSRT2-related pathways. Overexpression of SRT2.7, an AtSRT2 splice variant, rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype of mutant srt2. AtSRT2 histone deacetylation activity was important for salt tolerance during seed germination. The acetylation level of histone H4K8 locus in srt2-1 increased significantly under salt treatment. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 714 (VAMP714), a negative regulator of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-containing vesicle trafficking in cells, was identified as a target of AtSRT2. AtSRT2 regulated histone acetylation in the promoter region of VAMP714 and inhibited VAMP714 transcription under salt treatment. Seed germination percentage of double-mutant srt2-1vamp714 was close to that of single-mutant vamp714, and higher than that of single-mutant srt2 under salt stress. Hydrogen peroxide content and DNA damage increased after salt treatment in srt2 during seed germination. AtSRT2 regulates salt tolerance during seed germination through VAMP714 in Arabidopsis., (© 2022 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2022 New Phytologist Foundation.)

Objective: To investigate whether the radiographic results are affected by cage position in single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)., Method: Between January 2016 and June 2018, 130 patients (62 males and 68 females, average age: 55.28 ± 10.11 years) who underwent single-level TLIF were analyzed retrospectively. Standing lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine were collected and evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively, and at the time of last follow-up. Cage position in the fused segment was recorded using a central point ratio (CPR), which indicated the cage position. CPR is calculated by dividing the distance between the cage center point and the posterior extent of the superior endplate of the inferior vertebra by the length of the superior endplate of the inferior vertebra. Based on cage positions, the patients were divided into three groups: Anterior Group (n = 38); Middle Group (n = 68); and Posterior Group (n = 24). Segmental lumbar lordosis (SLL), foraminal height (FH), posterior disc height (PDH), and anterior disc height (ADH) were evaluated. A subanalysis was also performed on cage height within each group., Results: The average follow-up time of the patients was 35.20 ± 4.43 months. The mean values of CPR in Anterior Group, Middle Group, and Posterior Group were 0.64, 0.51, and 0.37, respectively. The FH, PDH, and ADH were significantly increased after TLIF in all groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in increase of SLL in Anterior Group (4.4°) and Middle Group (3.0°), but not in Posterior Group (0.3°). Furthermore, in the comparison of the three groups, the increase of SLL, FH, and PDH was statistically different (P < 0.05), while not for ADH (P > 0.05). The significant correlations in surgery were: CPR and ΔSLL (r = 0.584, P < 0.001), CPR and ΔFH (r = -0.411, P < 0.001), and CPR and ΔPDH (r = -0.457, P < 0.001). However, ADH had a positive correlation with cage height when the cage was located in anterior and middle of the endplate. Moreover, cage height had a positive correlation with SLL when the cage was located anteriorly and had a negative correlation with SLL when the cage was located posteriorly. FH and PDH both had a positive correlation with cage height in any cage position., Conclusion: The cage located in different positions has different effects on radiographic results in single-level TLIF. A thicker cage located anteriorly will gain maximum SLL and avoid the reduction of FH and PDH., (© 2022 The Authors. Orthopaedic Surgery published by Tianjin Hospital and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

The accurate assessment of the global gross primary productivity (GPP) of vegetation is the key to estimating the global carbon cycle. Temperature (Ts) and soil moisture (SM) are essential for vegetation growth. It is acknowledged that the global Ts has shown an increasing trend, yet SM has shown a decreasing trend. However, the importance of SM and Ts changes on the productivity of global ecosystems remains unclear, as SM and Ts are strongly coupled through soil-atmosphere interactions. Using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) as a proxy for GPP and by decoupling SM and Ts changes, our investigation shows Ts plays a more important role in SIF in 60% of the vegetation areas. Overall, increased Ts promotes SIF by mitigating the resistance from SM's reduction. However, the importance of SM and Ts varies, given different vegetation types. The results show that in the humid zone, the variation of Ts plays a more important role in SIF, but in the arid and semi-arid zones, the variation of SM plays a more important role; in the semi-humid zone, the disparity in the importance of SM and Ts is difficult to unravel. In addition, our results suggest that SIF is very sensitive to aridity gradients in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. By decoupling the intertwined SM-Ts impact on SIF, our study provides essential evidence that benefits future investigation on the factors the influence ecosystem productivity at regional or global scales., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Herein, we report the stepwise assembly and reversible transformation of atomically precise ligated titanium coated bismuth-oxide core nanostructures. The soluble and stable Bi 38 O 45 @Ti 6 -oxo clusters with weakly coordinated surface salicylate ligands were first prepared as precursors. Owing to the high surface reactivity of the Bi 38 O 45 inner core, its shell composition and morphology could be systemically modified by assembly with various Ti ions and auxiliary ligands (L), especially those with different flexibility, bridging ability and steric hindrance. As a result, a series of new core-shell Bi 38 O 44/45 @Ti x L-oxo ( x = 14, 16, 18 or 20) clusters containing gradually increasing shell Ti atoms were successfully synthesized. Among them, the Bi 38 Ti 20 -oxo cluster is the largest one in the family of heterometallic Bi/Ti-oxo clusters to date. In addition, the sensitized titanium outer shell can effectively improve the photocurrent response under visible light irradiation. More remarkably, the obtained core-shell Bi 38 O 44/45 @Ti x L-oxo clusters can serve as stable and efficient catalysts for CO 2 cycloaddition with epoxides under ambient conditions, whose activity was significantly influenced by the outer ligated titanium shell structure. This work provides a new insight into the construction of atomically precise heterometallic core-shell nanostructures and also an interesting shell engineering strategy for tuning their physicochemical properties., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Introduction: Breast conservation surgery (BCS) is the treatment of choice for unifocal, early-stage breast cancer. The ability to offer BCS to a wider subset of patients, including those with multifocal/multicentric cancer as well as extensive ductal carcinoma in situ, has emerged over time, especially in those undergoing joint oncoplastic reconstruction and those treated with neoadjuvant therapy. However, localization techniques using multiple radioactive seeds for bracketing in this patient subset have not been validated., Materials and Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was conducted of all patients with breast cancer who underwent BCS, guided by multiple bracketed iodine I 125 radioactive seeds between January 2014 and April 2017., Results: Bracketing of breast cancer using 2 or more radioactive seeds was performed in 157 breasts in 156 patients. Negative margins were achieved in 124 of 157 (79%) breasts, including 33 cases (21%) that underwent targeted margin reexcision at the time of surgery after intraoperative, multidisciplinary margin assessment. Thirty-three cases (21%) resulted in close or positive margins, of which 11 (7%) and 10 (6.4%) underwent completion mastectomy or repeat lumpectomy, respectively. Twelve patients (7.6%) did not undergo reexcision. En bloc resection was successful in 134 of 157 (85.4%) lumpectomies. Eighty-nine percent of the procedures were coupled with oncoplastic reconstruction., Conclusion: Bracketing techniques using multiple radioactive seeds expands the indications for breast conservation therapy in patients who would have traditionally required mastectomy. Intraoperative margin assessment improves surgical and pathologic success. Larger defects created by multifocal resection are optimally managed in concert with oncoplastic reconstruction to minimize asymmetries and aesthetic defects., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Laminectomy is commonly performed to treat degenerative spinal diseases by reducing compression on the spinal cord and nerve roots. The postoperative epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions may result in failed back surgery syndrome, which is characterized by the symptoms of lower back pain or leg pain. There is currently no satisfactory treatment for this complication. The pathological processes of epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions are relevant to the proliferation of fibroblasts, transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein. According to reports, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) played a vital role in the development of fibrosis by promoting aforementioned processes. Decorin, an endogenous proteoglycan and natural inhibitor of TGF-β1, has exhibited prominent anti-fibrosis activity in various scar formation and fibrosis models of many organs. However, the preventive effect of decorin on epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions requires further investigation. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of decorin on epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions. Our results indicated that decorin could significantly suppress the TGF-β1-induced proliferation, transdifferentiation, and extracellular matrix production in primary fibroblasts. Furthermore, Smad2/3 signaling pathway had been demonstrated to be involved in the preventive effect of decorin. Moreover, administration of decorin in vivo could notably inhibit epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions after laminectomy. To date, there is no approved therapy to target TGF-β1 for the treatment of epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions after laminectomy. Our research proved the anti-fibrosis effect of decorin, which may provide an effective and promising treatment for epidural fibrosis and epidural adhesions., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Ding, Wei, Sheng, Wang, Jing, Ma, Zhang, Wang, Li, Tang, Wu and Liu.)

SrMn 2 P 2 and CaMn 2 P 2 are insulators that adopt the trigonal CaAl 2 Si 2 -type structure containing corrugated Mn honeycomb layers. Magnetic susceptibility χ and heat capacity versus temperature T data reveal a weak first-order antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition at the Néel temperature [Formula: see text] K for SrMn 2 P 2 and a strong first-order AFM transition at [Formula: see text] K for CaMn 2 P 2 Both compounds exhibit isotropic and nearly T -independent [Formula: see text], suggesting magnetic structures in which nearest-neighbor moments are aligned at [Formula: see text] to each other. The 31 P NMR measurements confirm the strong first-order transition in CaMn 2 P 2 but show critical slowing down above [Formula: see text] for SrMn 2 P 2 , thus also evidencing second-order character. The 31 P NMR measurements indicate that the AFM structure of CaMn 2 P 2 is commensurate with the lattice whereas that of SrMn 2 P 2 is incommensurate. These first-order AFM transitions are unique among the class of (Ca, Sr, Ba)Mn 2 (P, As, Sb, Bi) 2 compounds that otherwise exhibit second-order AFM transitions. This result challenges our understanding of the circumstances under which first-order AFM transitions occur., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interest.