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Background: The effects of postoperative pancreatic fistula on survival rates remain controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of postoperative pancreatic fistula on overall survival and recurrence-free survival after upfront pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma., Methods: Patients operated on between January 2007 and December 2017 at seven tertiary pancreatic centres for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were included in the study. Postoperative pancreatic fistula was defined using the 2016 International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery grading system. The impact of postoperative pancreatic fistula on overall survival, recurrence-free survival (excluding 90-day postoperative deaths) and corresponding risk factors were investigated by univariable and multivariable analyses. Comparisons between groups were made using the chi-squared or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. Odds ratios were estimated with their 95% confidence intervals. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method with their 95% confidence intervals., Results: A total of 819 patients were included between 2007 and 2017. Postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 14.4% (n = 118) of patients; of those, 7.8% (n = 64) and 6.6% (n = 54) accounted for grade B and grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula respectively. The 5-year overall survival was 37.0% in the non-postoperative pancreatic fistula group and 45.3% in the postoperative pancreatic fistula cohort (P = 0.127). Grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula (excluding 90-day postoperative deaths) was not a prognostic factor for overall survival. The 5-year recurrence-free survival was 26.0% for patients without postoperative pancreatic fistula and 43.7% for patients with postoperative pancreatic fistula (P = 0.003). Eight independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival were identified: age over 70 years, diabetes, moderate or poor tumour differentiation, T3/T4 tumour stage, lymph node positive status, resection margins R1, vascular emboli and perineural invasion., Conclusion: This high-volume cohort showed that grade C postoperative pancreatic fistula, based on the 2016 International Study Group on Pancreatic Surgery grading system, does not impact overall or recurrence-free survival (excluding 90-day postoperative deaths)., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Foundation Ltd.)

In children with sickle cell disease (SCD), splenectomy is immediately beneficial for acute sequestration crises and hypersplenism (ASSC/HyS) but portends a long-term risk of asplenia-related complications. We retrieved peripheral and splenic red blood cells (RBCs) from 17 SCD children/teenagers undergoing partial splenectomy for ASSC/HyS, 12 adult subjects without RBC-related disease undergoing splenectomy (controls), five human spleens perfused ex vivo with Hb SS - and Hb AA -RBC, and quantified abnormal RBC by microscopy, spleen-mimetic RBC filtration, and adhesion assays. Spleens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In circulating blood of SCD and control subjects, dysmorphic (elongated/spherocytic) RBCs were <2%, while proportions of pocked-RBC were 4.3-fold higher in SCD children than in controls. Compared to controls, splenic RBCs were more frequently dysmorphic (29.3% vs. 0.4%), stiffer (42.2% vs. 12.4%), and adherent (206 vs. 22 adherent RBC/area) in SCD subjects. By TEM, both polymer-containing and homogenous RBC contributed to spleen congestion, resulting in 3.8-fold higher RBC population density in SCD spleens than in control spleens, predominantly in the cords. Perfused spleens with normal function displayed similar congestion and retention of dysmorphic RBC as SCD spleens. The population density of active macrophages was similar in SCD and control spleens, with a relative deficit in phagocytosis of polymer-containing RBC. Despite the existence of hyposplenism, splenectomy in SCD children removes an organ that still efficiently filters out potentially pathogenic altered RBC. Innovative treatments allowing fine-tuned reduction of RBC retention would alleviate spleen congestion, the major pathogenic process in ASSC/HyS, while preserving spleen protective functions for the future., (© 2024 The Author(s). American Journal of Hematology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Clinically relevant postpancreatectomy hemorrhage occurs in 10% to 15% of patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy, mainly in association with clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula. Prevention of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage by arterial coverage with a round ligament plasty or an omental flap is controversial. This study assessed the impact of arterial coverage with an original retromesenteric omental flap on postpancreatectomy hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy., Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 812 open pancreaticoduodenectomies (2012-2021) and compared 146 procedures with arterial coverage using retromesenteric omental flap to 666 pancreaticoduodenectomies without arterial coverage. The Fistula Risk Score was calculated. The primary endpoint was a 90-day clinically relevant postpancreatectomy hemorrhage rate according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery classification., Results: There were more patients with a Fistula Risk Score ≥7 in the arterial coverage-retromesenteric omental flap group: 18 (12%) versus 48 (7%) (P < .01). Clinically relevant postpancreatectomy hemorrhage was less frequent in the arterial coverage- retromesenteric omental flap group than in the no arterial coverage group: 5 (3%) versus 66 (10%), respectively (P = .01). Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 28 (19%) patients in the arterial coverage- retromesenteric omental flap group compared with 165 (25%) in the no arterial coverage group (P = .001). There were fewer reoperations for postpancreatectomy hemorrhage or postoperative pancreatic fistula in the arterial coverage- retromesenteric omental flap group: 1 (0.7%) versus 32 (5%) in the no arterial coverage group (P = .023). In multivariate analysis, arterial coverage with retromesenteric omental flap was an independent protective factor of clinically relevant postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (odds ratio 0.33; 95% confidence interval [0.12-0.92], P = .034) whereas postoperative pancreatic fistula of any grade (odds ratio = 10.1; 95% confidence interval: 5.1-20.3, P < .001) was predictive of this complication., Conclusion: Arterial coverage with retromesenteric omental flap can reduce rates of clinically relevant postpancreatectomy hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy. This easy and costless technique should be prospectively evaluated to confirm these results., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Importance: Preoperative chemo(radio)therapy is increasingly used in patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma, leading to pathological complete response (pCR) in a small subset of patients. However, multicenter studies with in-depth data about pCR are lacking., Objective: To investigate the incidence, outcome, and risk factors of pCR after preoperative chemo(radio)therapy., Design, Setting, and Participants: This observational, international, multicenter cohort study assessed all consecutive patients with pathology-proven localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent resection after 2 or more cycles of chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy) in 19 centers from 8 countries (January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2018). Data collection was performed from February 1, 2020, to April 30, 2022, and analyses from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. Median follow-up was 19 months., Exposures: Preoperative chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy) followed by resection., Main Outcomes and Measures: The incidence of pCR (defined as absence of vital tumor cells in the sampled pancreas specimen after resection), its association with OS from surgery, and factors associated with pCR. Factors associated with overall survival (OS) and pCR were investigated with Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models, respectively., Results: Overall, 1758 patients (mean [SD] age, 64 [9] years; 879 [50.0%] male) were studied. The rate of pCR was 4.8% (n = 85), and pCR was associated with OS (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.83). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 95%, 82%, and 63% in patients with pCR vs 80%, 46%, and 30% in patients without pCR, respectively (P < .001). Factors associated with pCR included preoperative multiagent chemotherapy other than (m)FOLFIRINOX ([modified] leucovorin calcium [folinic acid], fluorouracil, irinotecan hydrochloride, and oxaliplatin) (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.26-0.87), preoperative conventional radiotherapy (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.00-4.10), preoperative stereotactic body radiotherapy (OR, 8.91; 95% CI, 4.17-19.05), radiologic response (OR, 13.00; 95% CI, 7.02-24.08), and normal(ized) serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 after preoperative therapy (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.79-7.89)., Conclusions and Relevance: This international, retrospective cohort study found that pCR occurred in 4.8% of patients with resected localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma after preoperative chemo(radio)therapy. Although pCR does not reflect cure, it is associated with improved OS, with a doubled 5-year OS of 63% compared with 30% in patients without pCR. Factors associated with pCR related to preoperative chemo(radio)therapy regimens and anatomical and biological disease response features may have implications for treatment strategies that require validation in prospective studies because they may not universally apply to all patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: In two-stage hepatectomy for bilobar liver metastases from colorectal cancer, future liver remnant (FLR) growth can be achieved using several techniques, such as right portal vein ligation (RPVL) or right portal vein embolization (RPVE). A few heterogeneous studies have compared these two techniques with contradictory results concerning FLR growth. The objective of this study was to compare FLR hypertrophy of the left hemi-liver after RPVL and RPVE., Study Design: This was a retrospective comparative study using a propensity score of patients who underwent RPVL or RPVE prior to major hepatectomy between January 2010 and December 2020. The endpoints were FLR growth (%) after weighting using the propensity score, which included FLR prior to surgery and the number of chemotherapy cycles. Secondary endpoints were the percentage of patients undergoing simultaneous procedures, the morbidity and mortality, the recourse to other liver hypertrophy procedures, and the number of invasive procedures for the entire oncologic program in intention-to-treat analysis., Results: Fifty-four consecutive patients were retrospectively included and analyzed, 18 in the RPVL group, and 36 in the RPVE group. The demographic characteristics were similar between the groups. After weighting, there was no significant difference between the RPVL and RPVE groups for FLR growth (%), respectively 32.5% [19.3-56.0%] and 34.5% [20.5-47.3%] (p = 0.221). There was no significant difference regarding the secondary outcomes except for the lower number of invasive procedures in RPVL group (median of 2 [2.0, 3.0] in RPVL group and 3 [3.0, 3.0] in RPVE group, p = 0.001))., Conclusion: RPVL and RPVE are both effective to provide required left hemi-liver hypertrophy before right hepatectomy. RPVL should be considered for the simultaneous treatment of liver metastases and the primary tumor., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: Resection of hepatic lesions can be difficult and requires careful analysis of pre-operative imaging. The aim of this study is to highlight the use of multiplanar CT reconstruction in liver surgery, which helps to anticipate intra-operative technical difficulties., Methods: We retrospectively selected the imaging of several patients managed for liver lesions in specific locations: liver dome (IVa, VIII), the left lobe (intra-parenchymal, left edge), and the antero-inferior edge of segment VI. The IWATE classification was used to grade the difficulty of these resections., Results: Multiplanar analysis has made it possible to change the level of difficulty of liver resection and to anticipate intra-operative difficulties. Frontal and/or sagittal section in addition to axial sections analysis increased the IWATE score., Conclusion: Multi-planar reconstruction must be a tool used by the liver surgeon pre-operatively in order to limit intra-operative complications., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objectives: Intraoperative fluorescence imaging is currently used in a variety of surgical fields for four main purposes: visualising anatomy, assessing tissue perfusion, identifying/localising cancer and mapping lymphatic systems. To establish evidence-based guidance for research and practice, understanding the state of research on fluorescence imaging in different surgical fields is needed. We evaluated the evidence on fluorescence imaging used to visualise anatomical structures using the IDEAL framework, a framework designed to describe the stages of innovation in surgery and other interventional procedures., Design: IDEAL staging based on a thorough literature review., Setting: All publications on intraoperative fluorescence imaging for visualising anatomical structures reported in PubMed through 2020 were identified for five surgical procedures: cholangiography, hepatic segmentation, lung segmentation, ureterography and parathyroid identification., Main Outcome Measures: The IDEAL stage of research evidence was determined for each of the five procedures using a previously described approach., Results: 225 articles (8427 cases) were selected for analysis. Current status of research evidence on fluorescence imaging was rated IDEAL stage 2a for ureterography and lung segmentation, IDEAL 2b for hepatic segmentation and IDEAL stage 3 for cholangiography and parathyroid identification. Enhanced tissue identification rates using fluorescence imaging relative to conventional white-light imaging have been documented for all five procedures by comparative studies including randomised controlled trials for cholangiography and parathyroid identification. Advantages of anatomy visualisation with fluorescence imaging for improving short-term and long-term postoperative outcomes also were demonstrated, especially for hepatobiliary surgery and (para)thyroidectomy. No adverse reactions associated with fluorescent agents were reported., Conclusions: Intraoperative fluorescence imaging can be used safely to enhance the identification of anatomical structures, which may lead to improved postoperative outcomes. Overviewing current research knowledge using the IDEAL framework aids in designing further studies to develop fluorescence imaging techniques into an essential intraoperative navigation tool in each surgical field., Competing Interests: Competing interests: TI (associate editor), Peter McCulloch (editor in chief), NK and RJR are editorial board members of BMJ Surgery, Interventions, & Health Technologies., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Management of abdominal drainage after surgery for secondary lower gastrointestinal tract peritonitis (LGTP) is not a standardized procedure. A monocentric study was carried out in 2016 in our centre. (PI study) to evaluate the interest of drainage. Our objective was to revaluate, our actual use of abdominal drainage after peritonitis (PII study)., Study Design: We examined retrospectively patients who underwent surgery for secondary sub-mesocolic community-acquired peritonitis (January 2016-December 2019). Study exclusion criteria were primary peritonitis, peritoneal dialysis, nosocomial peritonitis, postoperative peritonitis, upper gastrointestinal tract peritonitis, peritonitis due to appendicitis, peritonitis requiring the implementation of Mikulicz's drain, and peritonitis in which the peritoneum was not described in the surgical report (i.e., the same criteria that the PI study which included 141 patients from January 2009 to January 2012). The primary endpoint was the rate of abdominal drainage. The secondary endpoints were the patient rate without a peritoneum description, major complications rate (Clavien ≥III), abscess rate, mortality rate and the length of stay in the non-drain group (D - ) and in the drain group (D + ) in PII study. Primary and secondary endpoints were also compared between PI and PII studies. Risk factors for post-operative abscess were also research., Results: Of the 150 patients included 33% were drained vs 84% of the 141 patients included in PI study (p &lt; 0.001). In PII study peritoneum was described in 80.3% of patients vs 69% in PI study (NS, p = 0.06). Comparing the two groups D -  and D + , no significant differences were found in major complications (respectively 45% vs 32%, p = 0.1), reoperation rate (respectively 25% vs 22%, p = 0.7), death rate (respectively 25% vs 14%; p = 0.1) and mean length of stay (respectively 12 days vs 13 days, p = 0.9). The abscess rate was significantly lower in the D -  group (10% vs 30%, p = 0.002). Comparing PI and PII studies, there was no difference about major complications (35% vs 35%, p = 0.1), reoperation (16% vs 17.5%, p = 0.5), abscess rate (15% vs 8.5%, p = 0.1) and mortality (14.5% vs 17.5%, p = 0.7). The length of stay was longer in PI study than in P II (14 days vs 9 days, p = 0.03). Drainage (p = 0.005; OR = 4.357; CI [1.559-12.173]) and peritonitis type (p = 0.032; OR = 3.264; CI [1.106-9.630]) were abscess risk factors., Conclusion: This study therefore showed that drainage after surgery for LGTP may not be necessary and that, at least at the local level, surgeons seem to be inclined to discontinue it systematically. It may therefore be worthwhile to conduct a randomised control trial to establish recommendations on drainage after surgery for LGTP., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Few studies have compared the oncological benefit of laparoscopic (LPD) and open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) for ampullary carcinoma. The aim of this study was to compare the oncological results of these two approaches., Methods: Between 2011 and 2020, 103 patients who underwent PD for ampullary carcinoma, including 31 LPD and 72 OPD, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were matched on a 1:2 basis for age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anaesthesiologists score, and preoperative biliary drainage. Short- and long-term outcomes of LPD and OPD were compared., Results: The 31 LPD were matched (1:2) to 62 OPD. LPD was associated with a shorter operative time (298 vs. 341 min, p = 0.02) than OPD and similar blood loss (361 vs. 341 mL, p = 0.747), but with more intra- and post-operative transfusions (29 vs. 8%, p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in postoperative mortality (6 vs. 2%), grades B/C postoperative pancreatic fistula (22 vs. 21%), delayed gastric emptying (23 vs. 35%), bleeding (22 vs. 11%), Clavien ≥ III morbidity (22 vs. 19%), or the length of hospital stay (26 vs. 21 days) between LPD and OPD, respectively, but there were more reinterventions (22 vs. 5%, p = 0.009). Pathological characteristics were similar for tumor size (21 vs. 22 mm), well differentiated tumors (41 vs. 38%), the number of harvested (23 vs. 26) or invaded lymph nodes (48 vs. 52%), R0 resection (84 vs. 90%), and other subtypes (T1/2, T3/4, phenotype). With a comparable mean follow-up (41 vs. 37 months, p = 0.59), there was no difference in 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall (p = 0.725) or recurrence-free survival (p = 0.155) which were (93, 74, 67% vs. 97, 79, 76%) and (85, 58, 58% vs. 90, 73, 73%), respectively., Conclusion: This study showed a similar long-term oncological results between LPD and OPD for ampullary carcinoma. However, the higher morbidity observed with LPD compared to OPD, restricting its use to experienced centers., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) are associated with a lower morbidity rate and a shorter length of stay. The present study's objective was to determine whether an ERP is feasible and effective for patients undergoing early cholecystectomy for grade I or II acute calculous cholecystitis., Study Design: A 2-step multicenter study was performed. In the first step (the feasibility study), patients were consecutively included in a dedicated, prospective database from March 2019 until January 2020. The primary endpoint was the ERP's feasibility, evaluated in terms of the number and nature of the ERP components applied. During the second step, the ERP's effectiveness in acute calculous cholecystitis was evaluated in a case-control study. The ERP+ group comprised consecutive patients who were prospectively included from March 2019 to November 2020 and compared with a control (ERP-) group of patients extracted from the ABCAL randomized controlled trial treated between May 2010 and August 2012 and who had not participated in a dedicated ERP., Results: During the feasibility study, 101 consecutive patients entered the ERP with 17 of the 20 ERP components applied. During the effectiveness study, 209 patients (ERP+ group) were compared with 414 patients (ERP- group). The median length of stay was significantly shorter in the ERP+ group (3.1 vs 5 days; p < 0.001). There were no intergroup differences in the severe morbidity rate, mortality rate, readmission rate, and reoperation rate., Conclusions: Implementation of an ERP after early cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis appeared to be feasible, effective, and safe for patients. The ERP significantly decreased the length of stay and did not increase the morbidity rate., (Copyright © 2022 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: In our first experience, laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) was associated with higher morbidity than open PD. Since, the surgical technique has been improved and LPD was avoided in some patients at very high risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). We provide our most recent results., Method: Between 2011 and 2018, 130 LPD were performed and divided into 3 consecutive periods based on CUSUM analysis and compared: first period (n = 43), second period (n = 43), and third period (n = 44)., Results: In the third period of this study, LPD was more frequently performed in women (46%, 39%, 59%, p = 0.21) on dilated Wirsung duct > 3 mm (40%, 44%, 57%; p = 0.54). Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) became the primary indication (12%, 39%, 34%; p = 0.037) compared to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (35%, 16%, 16%; p = 0.004). Malignant ampulloma re-increased during the third period (30%, 9%, 20%; p = 0.052) with the amelioration of surgical technique. The operative time increased during the second period and decreased during the third period (330, 345, 270; p < 0.001) with less blood loss (300, 200, 125; p < 0.001). All complications decreased, including POPF grades B/C (44%, 28%, 20%; p = 0.017), bleeding (28%, 21%, 14%; p = 0.26), Clavien-Dindo III-IV (40%, 33%, 16%; p = 0.013), re-interventions (19%, 14%, 9%; p = 0.43), and the hospital stay (26, 19, 18; p = 0.045). Less patients with similar-sized adenocarcinoma were operated during the second period (70%, 33%, 59%; p = 0.002) with more harvested lymph nodes in the third period (21,19, 25; p = 0.031) and higher R0 resection (70%, 79%, 84%; p = 0.5). On multivariate analysis the protective factors against POPF of grades B/C were pancreatic adenocarcinoma and invasive IPMN, BMI < 22.5 kg/m 2 , and patients operated in the third period., Conclusion: This study showed that the outcome of LPD significantly improves with the learning curve and patient selection. For safe implementation and during the early learning period, LPD should be indicated in patients at lower risk of POPF., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Laparoscopy is nowadays considered as the standard approach for hepatic left lateral sectionectomy (LLS), but its value in the prevention of incisional hernia (IH) has not been demonstrated., Methods: Between 2012 and 2017, patients undergoing laparoscopic (LLLS) or open LLS (OLLS) in 8 centers were compared. Patients undergoing a simultaneous major abdominal procedure were excluded. The incidence of IH was assessed clinically and morphologically on computed tomography (CT) using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and multivariable regression analysis., Results: After IPTW, 84 LLLS were compared to 48 OLLS. Compared to OLLS, LLLS patients had reduced blood loss (100 [IQR: 50-200] ml vs. 150 [IQR: 50-415] ml, p = 0.023) and shorter median hospital stay (5 [IQR: 4-7] days vs. 7 [6-9] days, p < 0.001), but experienced similar rate of postoperative complications (mean comprehensive complication index: 12 ± 19 after OLLS versus 13 ± 20 after LLLS, p = 0.968). Long-term radiological screening was performed with a median follow-up of 27.4 (12.1-44.9) months. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of clinically relevant IH (10.7% [n = 9] after LLLS, 8.3% [n = 4] after OLLS, p = 0.768). The rate of IH detected on computed tomography was lower after LLLS than after OLLS (11.9% [n = 10] versus 29.2% [n = 14], p = 0.013). On multivariable analysis, the laparoscopic approach was the only independent factor influencing the risk of morphological IH (OR = 0.290 [95% CI: 0.094-0.891], p = 0.031). The 2 preferential sites for specimen extraction after LLLS were Pfannenstiel and midline incisions, with rates of IH across the extraction site of 2.3% [n = 1/44] and 23.8% [n = 5/21], respectively (p = 0.011)., Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach for LLS decreases the risk of long-term IH as evidenced on morphological examinations, with limited clinical impact. Pfannenstiel's incision should be preferred to midline incision for specimen extraction after LLLS., (© 2020. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Gastric leak (GL) is the most highly feared early postoperative complication after sleeve gastrectomy (SG), with an incidence of 1% to 2%. This complication may require further surgery/endoscopy, with a risk of management failure that may require additional surgery, including total gastrectomy, leading to a risk of mortality of 0% to 9%., Objectives: Assess the impact of factors that may lead to a poorer evolution of GL., Setting: University Hospital, France, public practice., Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study of a group of patients managed for GL after SG between November 2004 and January 2019 (n = 166). Forty-three patients were excluded. The population study was divided into 2 groups: patients with easy closing of the GL (n = 73) and patients with difficult closing of the GL or failure to heal (n = 50). Patients were allocated to 1 of 2 groups depending on the time to heal (median time of 84 days). The study's primary efficacy endpoint was to determine the risk factors for a poorer evolution of GL., Results: Among 123 patients included in this study, 103 patients had undergone primary SG (83.7%). The mean time to the appearance of GL was 15.1 days (range, 1-156 d). Seventy-four patients underwent a reoperation (60%). The mean number of endoscopies per patient was 2.7 (range, 2-7 endoscopies). The mean time to healing was 89.5 days (range, 18-386 d). There were 8 cases of healing failure (6.5%). Multivariate analysis identified body mass index (>47 kg/m 2 ), time to referral (>2 d), and serum prealbumin level (<.1 g/dL) to be independent risk factors for a poorer evolution of GL., Conclusion: Improvement of nutritional status before SG and early referral for GL could reduce the risk of delayed closure or the need for further surgery., (Copyright © 2021 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Simple hepatic cysts are very common, but may be difficult to differentiate from a biliary cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma. Because the surgical treatment if needed, such as a hepatic fenestration or resection, depends on the diagnosis, the assay of intracystic tumor markers is useful.We report the case of a 67-year-old woman with a large hepatic cyst responsible of pain and inflammation. The combination of imaging findings, serum, and intracystic fluid tumor markers [CA72.4 (carbohydrate hydrogen)] permitted to diagnose a simple hepatic cyst despite an unusual persistent elevated serum CA19.9 level. A laparoscopic cyst fenestration was proposed with an uneventful postoperative course. The pathological findings showed a simple hepatic cyst.In case of hepatic cysts, radiological findings can discriminate between benign and (pre)malignant lesions, but in case of doubtful diagnosis, the serum and intracystic tumor markers can be helpful.The use of serum or intracystic tumor marker allows to choose the correct therapeutic strategy and to use mini-invasive approach when feasible.

Background: There is a level-1 evidence indicating that postoperative antibiotics are unnecessary following cholecystectomy for grade I or II acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC). We wanted to evaluate the applications of this recommendation in clinical practice four years after the original publication in ABCAL-participating centers., Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients operated for grade I or II ACC from January to December 2016 in ABCAL-participating centers was performed. Inclusion criteria were the same as for the ABCAL-study. The primary endpoint was the postoperative antibiotic administration rate. The secondary endpoints were postoperative outcomes., Results: Of the 283 patients included, 64% received postoperative antibiotics. Only 19% received antibiotics after POD1. The perioperative outcomes were similar between those that did or did not receive antibiotics after POD1. The median [range] length of stay was significantly shorter in patients who did not receive postoperative antibiotics (4 days [1-20]) compared to the others (6 days [1-50], p > 0.001)., Conclusion: Despite strong recommendations included in the Tokyo 2018 guidelines, the results of the ABCAL-study are poorly applied even if the absence of postoperative antibiotics has no impact on morbidity. It is important to stress that postoperative antibiotics are not necessary after cholecystectomy for grade I or II ACC., (Copyright © 2019 International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Recent studies have reported trocar site hernia (TSH) rates after bariatric surgery ranging from 0 to 45.2% based on imaging assessment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the TSH rate after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) comprising routine 12 mm epigastric trocar site closure (TSC)., Material: Prospective observational study with retrospective control cohort of a group of patients undergoing primary SG with routine 12 mm epigastric TSC. The "before" group (control group) was a previously published group of patients without 12 mm epigastric TSC and the "after" group (closure group) concerned patients with routine 12 mm epigastric TSC. Primary endpoint was the TSH rate after routine epigastric TSC. Secondary endpoints were comparison of the TSH rate, TSC feasibility and causes of failure, TSC-related morbidity, evaluation of TSC time and its course, and identification of risk factors for TSH., Results: One hundred twenty-three patients were analyzed during the study period. Feasibility of epigastric TSC was 97.3% without related morbidity. Mean epigastric TSC time was 44.2 s (18-150). Epigastric TSC time was always less than 60 s after 10-15 procedures. At 1 year, 10 patients presented TSH (8.1%): epigastric in 6.5% (n = 8) cases and after open laparoscopy in 1.6% (n = 2) cases. Comparison of the two groups revealed a lower TSH rate in the closure group (8.1% vs. 17.0%; p = 0.02), due to a lower epigastric TSH rate (6.5% vs. 14.8%; p = 0.02). Routine epigastric TSC was a protective factor for TSH (p = 0.03; relative risk of 0.43)., Conclusion: Routine epigastric TSC during SG is rapid and provides effective prevention of TSH.

Background: The feasibility of day case surgery (DCS) appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis (UCAA) was evaluated by the prospective AppendAmbu (Feasibility of Outpatient Appendectomy for Acute Appendicitis) study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01839435). The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-life feasibility of DCS for UCAA., Study Design: This single-center, retrospective, non-interventional study was conducted after the AppendAmbu study and included UCAA only. The primary end point was DCS success rate (ie length of stay <12 hours) in the intention-to-treat population (all patients with UCAA) and in the per-protocol population (population with UCAA and no preoperative and intraoperative exclusion criteria). The secondary end points were to determine the DCS quality criteria to evaluate and compare the morbidity and mortality of DCS and conventional hospitalization for UCAA (Clavien, Comprehensive Complication Index) and to externally validate the St Antoine criteria for the selection of patients for DCS., Results: From January 2016 to September 2017, two hundred and ninety-six patients underwent operations for acute appendicitis. The proportion of patients with successful DCS management was 27% in the intention-to-treat population and 95% in the per-protocol population. The unplanned consultation rate was 15%, the unplanned hospitalization rate was 4%, and the unplanned reoperation rate was 0%. The postoperative morbidity of patients managed by DCS was not different from that of patients managed in conventional hospitalization. The DCS success rate was 0%, with a St Antoine score of 0, and 80% of patients had a St Antoine score of 5 (p < 0.0001)., Conclusions: Day case surgery constitutes progress in surgery as a result of enhanced recovery programs. It avoids unnecessary prolonged hospitalization., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Glissonian approach has been described as a selective vascular clamping procedure during hepatectomy based on external anatomical landmarks. Anatomical variations of the right Glissonian pedicle have been identified with an increased risk of clamping failure during Glissonian approach. The objective of this study was to characterize the anatomical variations of the right Glissonian pedicle at risk of clamping failure during right hepatectomy. This was a retrospective analysis of abdominal multiphasic CT and routine 3D reconstruction (n = 346). Anatomical variations at risk of clamping failure were Types 1 to 3 (Madoff's classification) and an angle of less than 50° between the portal vein and the left portal vein. Primary objective was the risk of right Glissonian pedicle clamping failure. Secondary objectives were the rate of normal anatomy, the rate of variations, and the rate of incomplete or extended clamping. Normal anatomy was found in 245 patients (71%). Anatomical variations were as follows: Type 1: 11%, Type 2: 17%, Type 3: 0.8%, Type 4: 0%. Angle variation less than 50° was observed in 4.5%. The risk of selective clamping failure was 34%. Extension of clamping was observed in 16%, while incomplete clamping was observed in 17.8%. Failure of right Glissonian pedicle clamping was predictable in 34% of cases while 71% of patients presented normal portal vein anatomy. Clin. Anat. 32:328-336, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)