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The physicochemical properties of tarhana soup produced with different dough treatments, fermentation times, and preservation methods were examined. Tarhana doughs were prepared with yogurt (control) or baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fermented for 3 days. Samples were taken at 24, 48, and 72 hr. Samples were then preserved via one of four methods: sun dried, dried in the shade, vacumn dried, and frozen. Frozen samples produced lower organic acid levels after 72 hr of fermentation in both control (0.68 g/100 g) and yeast (0.61 g/100 g) applications than samples that were dried (0.94 g/100 g control samples; 0.81 g/100 g samples with yeast). Increasing fermentation time resulted in a significant effect on the formation of organic acid in the tarhana (p < .01). At 72 hr of fermentation, total acidity increased 11%, 17%, and 23% for tarhana samples vacumn-dried, sun-dried, and dried in the shade, respectively. Preservation methods also affected the moisture, ash, crude protein, total acidity, pH, salt, fat, reducing sugar levels, and the sensory assestment of tarhana soup (p < .01). Sensory characteristics were not significantly affected by baker's yeast in any of the preservation methods used (p > .01). However, sensory scores for tarhana prepared from the samples dried in a sheltered area showed a reduction in color desireablilty as the fermentation time increased. The soup prepared from frozen tarhana (72 hr fermentation, with yeast) had the highest scores with respect to color, mouth feel, flavor, and overall acceptability. Vacuum-dried samples' scores in these areas were also high in comparison to the two other drying methods.

The effects of a single topical dose of angiotensin II (AII) on prelamination of flaps were investigated in rats using an immunohistochemical marker. Ninety rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30 in each). The control group were given nothing; the vehicle group were given only carboxymethyl cellulose, and the treatment group were given topical AII with carboxymethyl cellulose between the flap and the skin graft. According to the day of evaluation of vascularisation, each group was randomly divided into three sub-groups on days 4, 7, and 14 (n = 10 in each). Paraffin sections of the tissues were cut at the flap-graft interface and stained immunohistochemically with factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg). Capillaries and venules that stained were counted. The number of vessels in the groups on day 4 were similar, but by day 7 the number of vessels was significantly greater in the treatment group than the other two. The number of vessels in the treatment group on day 14 was greater than in the other two groups, but not significantly so. We conclude that a single topical dose of AII increases the vascularisation at the flap and skin graft interface by angiogenesis.