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Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD), also known as autoimmune disease-associated ILD (AD-ILD), is a common complication of autoimmune diseases. Its rapid progression and worsening pulmonary fibrosis significantly increase the risk of mortality, leading to poor prognosis. Despite the considerable body of research in this field, there is a lack of bibliometric studies to address global research trends, key hotspots, and future directions., Methods: This study employed bibliometric methods to analyze 6456 publications related to this field from 1980 to 2024, using data extracted from the Web of Science (WOS) database. Visualization was conducted using tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the bibliometrix R package., Results: The analysis encompassed contributions from 102 countries, 5957 institutions, and 25,003 researchers, published across 951 journals. Research output has surged since 2018, highlighting increased scholarly attention to the field. The United States produced the largest number of publications, with Mayo Clinic identified as the most prolific institution. The analysis revealed that Rheumatology and Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases had the highest publication volume and co-citation counts in the field, respectively. Dinesh Khanna was identified as the most prolific author, while V.D. Steen emerged as the most highly co-cited author. Keyword analysis highlighted that current AD-ILD research primarily focuses on optimizing diagnostic tools for specific autoimmune diseases, analyzing pathological types and risk factors, and exploring biomarkers and precision therapies. Thematic mapping underscored the need for future research to focus on AD-ILD mechanisms, specific antibodies, diagnostic markers, personalized treatments, and prognostic factors., Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of AD-ILD-related publications, uncovering global research trends and current hotspots while offering robust guidance for future research directions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Psoriasis, an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease, is primarily diagnosed through clinical assessment. Currently, specific markers for the accurate diagnosis and prediction of psoriatic disease are lacking. Here, we employed a three-step designed study to perform untargeted metabolomics, with the aim of identifying candidate biomarkers for psoriasis. Through comprehensive multivariate and univariate statistical analyses, we screened eight potential biomarkers specific to psoriasis, with five structurally identified. Two dipeptide biomarkers, γ-GluSer and ThrGly, along with a lysine glycation metabolite, N α-fructosyl-lysine (Fruc-Lys), were found to be psoriasis biomarkers for the first time. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of these eight metabolites/features ranged from 0.68 to 0.94. A biomarker panel comprising ThrGly and feature m / z 120.0656 (C 4 H 9 NO 3 ) demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.97) in distinguishing psoriasis patients from healthy controls. Overall, our study identified and validated a panel of plasma metabolites/features that could serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of psoriasis, providing new insights into the diagnosis and pathogenesis of this disease.

To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment, development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary. However, most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments, ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media (backgrounds), thus underestimating their abundance. To address this issue, the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), extreme gradient boost, support vector machine and random forest classifier. The effects of polymer color, type, thickness, and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated. PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome, with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate. All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm. A two-stage modeling method, which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background, was proposed. The method presented an accuracy higher than 99% in different backgrounds. In summary, this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Human muscle activity contains rich information that can reflect human movement patterns and conditions of diseases or physical abnormalities. Flexible pressure sensors enable the assessment of muscle tremors in Parkinson's disease (PD) through Force Myography (FMG). Here, an easily fabricated, ultra-sensitive, and stretchable piezoelectret pressure sensor is presented. Utilizing an effective integration of Kirigami structure and piezoelectret air gap, the sensor achieved a dynamic sensitivity of ≈725 pC/N (@5 Hz), measurement repeatability of <2.5%, measurement hysteresis of <1%, a pressure detection limit of <15 Pa, a response time of ≈2.5 ms, stable output within ±3% over 40 000 cycles, and output decay of <2.5% after 1000 cycles of complex deformation, meeting non-distorted measurement conditions up to 20 Hz. Successful monitoring and assessment of hand muscle tremors are demonstrated. Furthermore, using a 1×3 sensor array enabled tremor localization, achieving a high accuracy rate of 99.5% with machine learning algorithms. Additionally, the sensor facilitated the experimental quantification and assisted scoring of the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), with an accuracy of ≈85%. The sensor demonstrates potential for assisting in the diagnosis and rehabilitation monitoring of Parkinson's disease., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Healthcare Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Thermal-induced transitions between multistable states hold significant interest in stochastic thermodynamics and dynamical control with nanomechanical systems. Here, we study kinetic-energy-dependent over-barrier behaviors in the rotational degree of freedom of silica nanodumbells in tilted periodic potentials. In the rotational degree of freedom, nanodumbbells can undergo critical transitions between librations and rotations as the ellipticity of the trapping laser field changes. These transitions exhibit hysteresis effects, which can be monitored in real time by introducing an additional laterally scattered light. Our experiments elucidate that the distribution of kinetic energy of nanorotors influences the critical transition ellipticities for activating or inhibiting over-barrier behaviors, which is supported by theoretical and numerical analysis. This work lays the groundwork for exploring mesoscopic thermodynamics associated with a broad spectrum of stochastic processes, e.g., non-Markovian thermal noise and evolutions of non-equilibrium steady states.

Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is recommended for patients with KMT2A-rearranged (KMT2A-r) leukemia whereas relapse remains high. We aimed to determine whether intensified conditioning containing decitabine (Dec) could reduce relapse compared with standard myeloablative conditioning in adult patients with KMT2A-r leukemia., Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective study at seven institutions in China. Eligible patients were aged 14 years or older at transplantation, had a diagnosis of KMT2A-r leukemia, and underwent the first allo-HSCT. Standard myeloablative conditioning regimens (standard group) included BuCy (busulfan 3.2 mg/kg/day on days -7 to -4; cyclophosphamide 60 mg/kg/day on days -3 to -2) and TBI-Cy (total body irradiation 4.5 Gy/day on days -5 to -4; Cy 60 mg/kg/day on days -3 to -2). Intensified conditioning regimens containing Dec (intensified group) consisted of Dec-BuCy (Dec 20 mg/m 2 /day on days -14 to -10; the same dose of BuCy) and Dec-TBI-Cy (Dec 20 mg/m 2 /day on days -10 to -6; the same dose of TBI-Cy)., Results: Between April 2009 and December 2019, 218 patients were included in this study, of whom 105 were in the intensified group and 113 were in the standard group. The 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 17.6% and 34.5%, overall survival was 71.3% and 61.0%, disease-free survival was 70.1% and 56.0%, and non-relapse mortality was 12.3% and 9.5% in the intensified and standard groups, respectively (P = 0.001; P = 0.034; P = 0.005; P = 0.629). Subgroup analysis showed that the relapse rate of intensified conditioning was lower than that of standard conditioning in multiple subgroups, including different leukemia types, disease status at transplantation, high-risk cytogenetics and Bu-based regimens. There was no difference in regimen-related toxicity, engraftment, or graft-versus-host disease between the intensified and standard groups., Conclusions: These results suggest that intensified conditioning containing Dec might be a better strategy than standard myeloablative conditioning for adult patients with KMT2A-r leukemia undergoing allo-HSCT., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the ethics committee review board at each participating center and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The reference number for the ethics committee was NFEC-2009–23. Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients. Consent for publication: All of the authors agreed to submit and publish the final manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetically inherited disorder caused by monogenic mutations or polygenic deleterious variants. Patients with FH innate with significantly elevated risks for coronary heart disease (CHD). FH prevalence based on genetic testing in Chinese CHD patients is missing. Whether classical index of coronary atherosclerosis severity can be used as indicators of FH needs to be explored. To investigate the FH prevalence in Chinese CHD patients and the association of SYNTAX I score with FH genotype., Methods: The monogenic and polygenic FH related genes were genotyped in 400 consecutively enrolled CHD patients. The clinical characteristics and SYNTAX I scores were analyzed in a retrospective nested case-control study., Results: The prevalence of genetically confirmed FH in our CHD cohort was 8.75%. The cLDL-C level, SYNTAX I scores and incidences of triple vessel lesions in FH patients were significantly higher, while cLDL-C and SYNTAX I scores were independent risk factors for FH. Furthermore, cLDL-C levels of polygenic FH were significantly lower than monogenic FH, while their severity of coronary atherosclerosis was comparable., Conclusions: Our study revealed that the SYNTAX I score was an independent risk factor for FH. Besides, polygenic origin of FH should be taken into consideration for CHD patients suspected of FH., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent for participate: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University and performed in accordance with the ethical standers laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Written informed consents were obtained from all participants. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Existing techniques for pacing the right ventricle and providing cardiac resynchronization therapy through biventricular pacing are not effective in restoring damage to the conduction system. Therefore, the need for new pacing modalities and techniques with more sensible designs and algorithms is justified. Although the benefits of conduction system pacing (CSP), which mainly include His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), are evident in patients who require conduction system recuperation, the critical criteria for left CSP remain unclear, and the roles of different pacing modalities of CSP for cardiac resynchronization are not definite. In this review, we aimed to highlight the advantages of different CSP options, current advancement in the surgical devices, and future directions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.)

As a common food raw material in daily life, the quality and safety of wheat flour are directly related to people's health. In this study, a model was developed for the rapid identification and detection of three illegal additives in flour, namely azodicarbonamide (ADA), talcum powder, and gypsum powder. This model utilized a combination of near-infrared spectroscopy with chemometric methods. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network was used to reduce data dimensionality, while a support vector machine was applied for non-linear classification to identify illegal additives in flour. The model achieved a calibration set F1 score of 99.38% and accuracy of 99.63%, with a validation set F1 score of 98.81% and accuracy of 98.89%. Two cascaded wavelength selection methods were introduced: The first method involved backward interval partial least squares (BiPLS) combined with an improved binary particle swarm optimization algorithm (IBPSO). The second method utilized the CARS-IBPSO algorithm, which integrated competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) with IBPSO. The two cascade wavelength selection methods were used to select feature wavelengths associated with additives and construct partial least squares quantitative detection models. The models constructed using CARS-IBPSO selected feature wavelengths for detecting ADA, talcum powder, and gypsum powder exhibited the highest overall performance. The model achieved validation set determination coefficients of 0.9786, 0.9102, and 0.9226, with corresponding to root mean square errors of 0.0024%, 1.3693%, and 1.6506% and residual predictive deviations of 6.8368, 3.5852, and 3.9253, respectively. Near-infrared spectroscopy in combination with convolutional neural network dimensionality reduction and support vector machine classification enabled rapid identification of various illegal additives. The combination of CARS-IBPSO feature wavelength selection and partial least squares regression models facilitated rapid quantitative detection of these additives. This study introduces a new approach for rapidly and accurately identifying and detecting illegal additives in flour., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Rapid characterization of solid waste using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI) coupled with machine learning models has been increasingly investigated to replace the traditional time- and labor-intensive methods. However, contamination by waste-derived leachates or other fractions etc., can cause the spectra evolutions and significantly influences the identification performance, which has not been investigated before. The first attempt was made by using hyperspectral unmixing (HU) to extract the endmember components and demonstrate their contributions (abundance) to solid waste, taking the non-linear reflectance changes due to the O-H vibration of water and unclear variation associated with oil and leachates as an example. The HSI spectra of various solid waste components influenced by pure water, oil and three kinds of leachates were acquired. A novel method based on HU models, including multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares and state-of-the-art autoencoder architectures (deep learning models), was developed to estimate the spectra of endmembers as well as their abundances in individual pixel. Their spatial distribution overview in solid waste was then yielded. The selected models were validated via an independent test data set, with lower spectral angle distance, 12.3° ± 6.5°, indicating the similarity of the predicted endmembers with real components. And the lowest root of mean square error on endmember distribution maps was 0.17. The non-linear liquid's effects by water and oil on spectra variations of solid waste were clearly illuminated. Additionally, the proposed method can extract information from mixed spectroscopic images and generate reconstructed spectra., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Intramolecular through-space charge-transfer (TSCT) excited states have emerged as promising candidates for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. This study addresses the challenges in tuning excited state dynamics through conformational engineering, which significantly impacts exciton utilization. An effective strategy is presented to enhance the performance of TSCT-TADF molecules by restricting the lateral rocking of the spiro unit via immobilizing groups, which indirectly adjusts the conformations of the donor and acceptor subunits. This approach is successfully illustrated with two TSCT-TADF emitters, 8PhDM-B and 8PyDM-B, featuring sterical aryl phenyl and pyridine substitutions at the C8 site of a rigid spiro-fluorene bridge. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing these emitters demonstrated impressive maximum external quantum efficiencies of 33.1% and 31.0%, respectively. The findings underscore the importance of the rocking confined strategy in refining excited state dynamics, thereby providing valuable insights for the design of highly efficient OLED emitters., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Cucumber downy mildew (CDM), caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis , is a destructive disease that affects greenhouse cucumbers and causes significant losses for growers. Amisulbrom, a triazole sulfonamide fungicide targeting the Qi site in the bc 1 complex, has shown potential in effectively combating CDM. However, its detailed binding mode with the target is unclear. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) structure of the bc 1 complex from P. cubensis was built, and its interaction with amisulbrom was investigated by integrating molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) methods. Based on the binding mode of amisulbrom with the Pc- bc 1 complex, a scaffold hopping strategy was performed, and compounds 11a - o and 12a - v were designed. Among them, compound 12g showed excellent fungicidal properties against CDM in field trials. The present work indicated that the oxime ether moiety could be further optimized for better results. Furthermore, compound 12g has the potential to serve as a lead compound in the search for new Qi-site inhibitors of the bc 1 complex.

Cytochrome bc 1 (complex III) represents a significant target for the discovery of both drugs and fungicides. Metyltetraprole (MET) is commonly classified as a quinone site inhibitor (Q o I) that combats the G143A mutated isolate, which confers high resistance to strobilurin fungicides such as pyraclostrobin (PYR). The binding mode and antiresistance mechanism of MET remain unclear. Here, we determined the high-resolution structures of inhibitor-bound S. cerevisiae complex III (MET, 2.52 Å; PYR, 2.42 Å) and inhibitor-bound porcine complex III (MET, 2.53 Å; PYR, 2,37 Å) by cryo-electron microscopy. The distinct binding modes of MET and PYR were observed for the first time. Notably, the MET exhibited different binding modes in the two species. In S. cerevisiae , the binding site of MET was the same as PYR, serving as a Pm -type inhibitor of the Q o site. However, in porcine, MET acted as a dual-target inhibitor of both Q o and Q i . Based on the structural insights, a novel inhibitor (YF23694) was discovered and demonstrated excellent fungicidal activity against downy mildew and powdery mildew fungi. This work provides a new starting point for the design of the next generation of inhibitors to overcome the resistance.

The complex composition of solid waste leads to the variability of flue gas emissions during its incineration, which poses a challenge to the stable operation of incineration and pollution control systems. To address this problem, the study explored a new method to predict the concentrations of flue gas pollutants during incineration based on the composition of mixed solid waste using machine learning. Through comprehensive model interpretation and analysis, the important influence of waste composition characteristics on the generation of flue gas pollutants during incineration was deeply explored. The study found that rubber and plastic components significantly promoted the conversion of C to CO during waste incineration; N content and C/N ratio had a significant effect on the generation of NO X ; S content and C/S ratio affected the generation of SO 2 ; Cl content and C/Cl ratio had a significant effect on the generation of HCl, especially with PVC components. The extreme gradient boosting tree (XGBOOST) model optimized by feature engineering showed more excellent R 2 -validation (0.98, 0.94, 1.00, 0.98, 1.00, 0.98) for predicting CO 2 , CO, N 2 O, NO, SO 2 , and HCl concentration, than K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM). This study provides a new prediction and optimization method for waste incineration plants, which can guide the regulation of feedstock and incineration parameters, thus improving operating efficiency and pollution control. It is of great significance to promote sustainable waste management and environmental protection., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The class C orphan G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR156, which lacks the large extracellular region, plays a pivotal role in auditory function through G i2/3 . Here, we firstly demonstrate that GPR156 with high constitutive activity is essential for maintaining auditory function, and further reveal the structural basis of the sustained role of GPR156. We present the cryo-EM structures of human apo GPR156 and the GPR156-G i3 complex, unveiling a small extracellular region formed by extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) and the N-terminus. The GPR156 dimer in both apo state and G i3 protein-coupled state adopt a transmembrane (TM)5/6-TM5/6 interface, indicating the high constitutive activity of GPR156 in the apo state. Furthermore, C-terminus in G-bound subunit of GPR156 plays a dual role in promoting G protein binding within G-bound subunit while preventing the G-free subunit from binding to additional G protein. Together, these results explain how GPR156 constitutive activity is maintained through dimerization and provide a mechanistic insight into the sustained role of GPR156 in maintaining auditory function., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The relationship between conduction system pacing (CSP) and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) following CSP in patients with HFpEF, in comparison to right ventricular pacing (RVP)., Methods: Patients with HFpEF who received dual-chamber pacemakers for atrioventricular block were retrospectively enrolled from January 2018 to January 2023. Both new-onset and progressive AHREs were recorded, along with other clinical data, including cardiac performance and lead outcomes., Results: A total of 498 patients were enrolled, comprising 387 patients with RVP and 111 patients with CSP, with a follow-up duration of 44.42 ± 10.41 months. In patients without a prior history of AF, CSP was associated with a significantly lower incidence of new-onset AHREs when the percentage of ventricular pacing was ≥20% (9.52% vs. 29.70%, P = 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, CSP exhibited a lower hazard ratio for new-onset AHREs compared to RVP (HR 0.336; [95% CI: 0.142-0.795]; P = 0.013), alongside left atrial diameter (LAD) (HR 1.109; [95% CI: 1.048-1.173]; P < 0.001). In patients with a history of AF, the progression of AHREs in CSP and RVP did not differ significantly (32.35% vs. 34.75%, P = 0.791). Cardiac performance metrics, including left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (49.09 ± 4.28 mm vs. 48.08 ± 4.72 mm; P = 0.015), LAD (40.68 ± 5.49 mm vs. 39.47 ± 5.24 mm; P = 0.001), and NYHA class (2.31 ± 0.46 vs. 1.59 ± 0.73; P < 0.001), improved obviously following CSP, while LVEDD (48.37 ± 4.57 mm vs. 49.30 ± 5.32 mm; P < 0.001), LAD (39.77 ± 4.58 mm vs. 40.83 ± 4.80 mm; P < 0.001), NYHA class (2.24 ± 0.43 vs. 2.35 ± 0.83; P = 0.018), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (57.41 ± 2.42 vs. 54.24 ± 6.65; P < 0.001) deteriorated after RVP., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CSP may be associated with improvements in cardiac performance and a reduction in new-onset AHREs compared to RVP in patients with HFpEF. However, prospective randomized trials are anticipated to confirm these potential benefits., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chen, Ma, Liu, Wang, Ma, Guan, Zhe, Xia and Dong.)

During its global epidemic, Zika virus (ZIKV) attracted widespread attention due to its link with various severe neurological symptoms and potential harm to male fertility. However, the understanding of how ZIKV invades and persists in the male reproductive system is limited due to the lack of immunocompetent small animal models. In this study, immunocompetent murine models were generated by using anti-IFNAR antibody blocked C57BL/6 male mice and human STAT2 (hSTAT2) knock in (KI) male mice. After infection, viral RNA could persist in the testes even after the disappearance of viremia. We also found a population of ZIKV-susceptible S100A4 + monocytes/macrophages that were recruited into testes from peripheral blood and played a crucial role for ZIKV infection in the testis. By using single-cell RNA sequencing, we also proved that S100A4 + monocytes/macrophages had a great impact on the microenvironment of ZIKV-infected testes, thus promoting ZIKV-induced testicular lesions. In conclusion, this study proposed a novel mechanism of long-term ZIKV infection in the male reproductive system.

The solution-derived non-stoichiometric nickel oxide (NiO x ) is a promising hole-injecting material for stable quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, the carrier imbalance due to the misalignment of energy levels between the NiO x and polymeric hole-transporting layers (HTLs) curtails the device efficiency. In this study, the modification of the NiO x surface is investigated using either 3-cyanobenzoic acid (3-CN-BA) or 4-cyanobenzoic acid (4-CN-BA) in the QLED fabrication. Morphological and electrical analyses revealed that both 4-CN-BA and 3-CN-BA can enhance the work function of NiO x , reduce the oxygen vacancies on the NiO x surface, and facilitate a uniform morphology for subsequent HTL layers. Moreover, it is found that the binding configurations of dipole molecules as a function of the substitution position of the tail group significantly impact the work function of underlying layers. When integrated in QLEDs, the modification layers resulted in a significant improvement in the electroluminescent efficiency due to the enhancement of energy level alignment and charge balance within the devices. Specifically, QLEDs incorporating 4-CN-BA achieved a champion external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.34%, which is a 1.8X improvement in comparison with that of the devices utilizing unmodified NiO x (7.28%). Moreover, QLEDs with 4-CN-BA and 3-CN-BA modifications exhibited prolonged operational lifetimes, indicating potential for practical applications., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

A better understanding of bacterial communities and the factors that drive them is essential to maintain their functions and services. As an ecosystem closely linked to human activities, the health of offshore aquaculture depends on the diversity and functions of bacteria in its environment. However, little attention has been paid to the vertical interface of the offshore aquaculture areas with shellfish net cages. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze bacterial communities in different water layers of a net cage scallop farm in the offshore area of Northeast of China. Based on the results, an increased richness of bacterial communities was observed in the water adjacent to the net cages. Meanwhile, apparently different bacterial community compositions were observed among the water layers, with an enrichment of Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Firmicutes in the water layers above, parallel to, and below the net cages, respectively. According to the predicted functions, the bacterial communities of the water layers above, parallel to, and below the net cages were identified as phototrophy-, chemoheterotrophy-, and nitrogen respiration-dominated. Furthermore, network analysis revealed a complex but unstable bacterial community in the water layer containing the net cage. Finally, partial least squares path modelling revealed that the net cage aquaculture directly influenced the environmental variables and bacterial richness, which further induced the variations in bacterial community composition, and ultimately affected their ecological functions. These results provide a basic understanding of bacterial communities in net cage scallop farms and highlight the effects of offshore aquaculture on variations in ecological functions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aims: The aging global population and overall population growth have significantly increased the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aims to examine global temporal trends in the incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and mortality rates of both overall and type-specific CVDs among adults aged 55 and older from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on identifying changes over time, regional disparities, and the key risk factors contributing to this burden., Methods and Results: We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, covering 204 countries and territories. Trends in age-standardized rates of incidence, DALY, and mortality for both overall and specific types of CVDs were assessed, alongside the impact of key risk factors. Between 1990 and 2021, global age-standardized incidence, DALY, and mortality rates showed a declining trend, with estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of -0.39, -1.30, and -1.11, respectively. However, due to overall population growth and aging, the absolute number of CVD cases continued to rise. Regions with high-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) exhibited the highest incidence and mortality rates, while high SDI regions saw the greatest declines. Men had higher age-standardized rates of CVDs incidence, DALY, and mortality compared to women. The burden increased with age, with the oldest age groups (80+ years) showing the highest rates. High systolic blood pressure was the leading modifiable risk factor, contributing to more than half of the CVD-related DALY globally. Other major risk factors included high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, and ambient particulate matter pollution., Conclusions: While age-standardized rates of CVD incidence, DALY, and mortality have declined over the past three decades, the total burden of CVDs continues to rise due to population aging and growth. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention strategies in regions with high CVD burden, particularly those with lower socioeconomic status., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials hold promise for optoelectronic applications. Among various design strategies, through-space charge transfer (TSCT) systems offer the potential for enhanced performance. However, the relationship between molecular configuration and TSCT properties remains unclear compared to traditional through-band charge transfer materials. In this study, we investigated the influence of spatial configuration on TSCT features and electronic properties of triplet excited states in these TSCT materials. By manipulating the spatial arrangement between donor and acceptor segments using different spiro skeletons, a series of TSCT materials (DMB2-DMB5) was synthesized. Together with the parent molecule, DM-B, these materials exhibited completely different TADF characteristics, demonstrating the impact of spatial arrangements on their optoelectronic properties. Thus, the external quantum efficiency of these materials ranged from as high as 28.0 % (DMB2) to as low as 3.6 % (DMB5) due to variations in their TADF characteristics. Our findings highlight the significance of spatial configuration, beyond distance alone, in influencing TSCT properties when donor and acceptor segments are sufficiently close. This insight provides valuable guidance for developing advanced TSCT materials and advancing TADF systems with improved performance and functionality., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) similarity, comparable safety, and immunogenicity between LY06006, European Union-sourced denosumab (EU-DEN), and United States-sourced denosumab (US-DEN)., Research Design and Methods: In this double-blind, parallel-group, and single-dose study, 300 healthy male subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a 60 mg dose of either LY06006, EU-DEN, or US-DEN subcutaneously. This study lasted for 253 days. Primary PK endpoints included maximum serum concentration (C max ), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to last quantifiable concentration (AUC 0-t ), and AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC 0-inf ). Pharmacokinetic equivalence was concluded if the two-sided 90% confidence interval (CI) for the geometric least squares mean ratio (GLSMR) of primary endpoints were within 80%-125%. Other PK parameters, PD parameters, safety, and immunogenicity assessments were also conducted during the study., Results: The 90% CIs for ratios of GLSMR were within the predefined equivalence margin for AUC 0-inf (89.0%-111.1%), AUC 0-t (89.7%-111.3%), and C max (92.3%-106.7%). The PD parameters, safety, and immunogenicity of LY06006 were also comparable to US-DEN and EU-DEN., Conclusion: LY06006 was highly similar to US-DEN and EU-DEN in terms of PK, PD, safety and immunogenicity in healthy male subjects., Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT06095427.

In this study, microstructure evolution during prior austenite decomposition and reverse phase transformation processes was revealed in a high-strength medium-Mn steel. Furthermore, the relationship between deformed prior austenite characteristics and deformation behavior was studied. The results indicated that the recovery and recrystallization of the deformed prior austenite were significantly inhibited during hot rolling in the non-recrystallized zone, the grain size was obviously refined along the normal direction (ND), and that the strain hardening of prior austenite via hot deformation could increase the resistance of shear transformation, resulting in the preservation of high-density lattice defects in the quenched martensite matrix. Before the nucleation of intercritical austenite, the dislocation and grain boundary can provide fast diffusion paths for C and Mn, and the enrichment of C and Mn before intercritical austenite formation can reduce the critical temperature of ferrite/austenite transformation. The nucleated sites and driving force for intercritical austenite were strongly increased by rolling in the non-recrystallization region. The resistance of crack propagation was found to be enhanced by the sustained transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect (via retained austenite with different stability) and for the laminated microstructure, the optimum properties were obtained as being a combination of yield strength of 748 MPa, tensile strength of 952 MPa, and total elongation of 26.2%.

Background: The evaluation of melanoma incidence and mortality trends based on population characteristics, with a particular focus on sex differences, is of utmost importance., Methods: The gender-stratified analysis of melanoma mortality across various calendar years was conducted. Utilizing the Joinpoint software, we detected alterations in the incidence rates and delineated the mortality trends., Results: Melanoma's incidence-based mortality exhibited a rising trajectory between 2005 and 2010, characterized by an annual percent change (APC) of 2.95%. However, there was a significant decrease in mortality from 2015 to 2019, with an APC of -4.39%. Notably, the mortality among men decreased by about 5.84% between 2015 and 2019, while there was no significant downward trend in the mortality rate among women. Subsequent analysis revealed no statistically significant variation in the 2-year survival rate of female patients aged 45-54 years among different age groups (Z=-0.775, p >0.1)., Conclusions: Between 2015 and 2019, against the backdrop of stable melanoma incidence rates in the United States, there was a significant decline in mortality. Our analysis suggests that the utilization of immunotherapy may account for the observed reduction in mortality, with particularly notable benefits for male patients. However, female patients, especially younger women, did not derive significant advantages., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Dong, Ma, Mo, Yuan and Liu.)

This study investigates the molecular intricacies of the transmembrane protein TSP11 gene in Echinococcus strains isolated from livestock and patients in Yunnan Province afflicted with Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) between 2016 and 2020. Gene typing analysis of the ND1 gene revealed the presence of the G1 type, G5 type and untyped strains, constituting 52.4, 38.1 and 9.5%, respectively. The analysis of 42 DNA sequences has revealed 24 novel single nucleotide polymorphic sites, delineating 11 haplotypes, all of which were of the mutant type. Importantly, there were no variations observed in mutation sites or haplotypes in any of the hosts. The total length of the TSP11 gene's 4 exons is 762 bp, encoding 254 amino acids. Our analysis posits the existence of 6 potential B-cell antigenic epitopes within TSP11, specifically at positions 49-KSN-51, 139-GKRG-142, 162-DNG-164, 169-NGS-171, 185-DS-186 and 231-PPRFTN-236. Notably, these epitopes exhibit consistent presence among various intermediate hosts and haplotypes. However, further validation is imperative to ascertain their viability as diagnostic antigens for E. granulosus in the Yunnan Province.

Aims: Hypoalbuminemia can lead to underestimations of the true anion gap levels. There are few data on albumin-corrected serum anion gap (ACAG) status and mortality in the diabetes. The study aimed to examine the association between ACAG and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients., Methods: Herein, 8,161 diabetic adults were included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. National Mortality Index (NDI) data were used for determining mortality outcomes through 31 December 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. We conducted a mediation analysis using the counterfactual framework method to estimate how ACAG may be indirectly associated with increased mortality risk through mediators., Results: A total of 2,309 deaths were documented over 8,161 person-years of follow up, including 659 cardiovascular and 399 cancer deaths. In multivariate analyses, higher ACAG levels had a significant correlation with an increase in all-cause (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.38-1.81; P=0.001), cardiovascular (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.72; P=0.019), and cancer (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02-1.96; P=0.018) mortality rates than the controls. Results of the mediation analysis showed that altered levels of C-reactive protein and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) explained 7.867% and 7.669% of the relation between serum ACAG and all-cause mortality, respectively (all P<0.05). Total cholesterol and HbA1c mediated 15.402% and 14.303% of the associations with cardiovascular mortality, respectively (all P<0.05)., Conclusions: Higher ACAG levels were significantly associated with increased all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. Researchers suggest that patients with T2D who control ACAG in a normal state may be at a lower risk of mortality., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Yang, Deng, Wu, He, Li, Dong, Zhang and Li.)

Genetic variation at the 19q13.3 KLK locus is linked with prostate cancer susceptibility in men. The non-synonymous KLK3 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs17632542 (c.536 T > C; Ile163Thr-substitution in PSA) is associated with reduced prostate cancer risk, however, the functional relevance is unknown. Here, we identify that the SNP variant-induced change in PSA biochemical activity mediates prostate cancer pathogenesis. The 'Thr' PSA variant leads to small subcutaneous tumours, supporting reduced prostate cancer risk. However, 'Thr' PSA also displays higher metastatic potential with pronounced osteolytic activity in an experimental metastasis in-vivo model. Biochemical characterisation of this PSA variant demonstrates markedly reduced proteolytic activity that correlates with differences in in-vivo tumour burden. The SNP is associated with increased risk for aggressive disease and prostate cancer-specific mortality in three independent cohorts, highlighting its critical function in mediating metastasis. Carriers of this SNP allele have reduced serum total PSA and a higher free/total PSA ratio that could contribute to late biopsy decisions and delay in diagnosis. Our results provide a molecular explanation for the prominent 19q13.3 KLK locus, rs17632542 SNP, association with a spectrum of prostate cancer clinical outcomes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Quantifying the root uptake of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) by plants remains challenging due to the lack of data on the freely available fractions of HOCs in soil porewater. We therefore hypothesized that a passive sampler could act as a useful tool to evaluate the root uptake potential and pathways of HOCs by plants in soil. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the uptake of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) by carrot and lettuce with the codeployment of passive samplers in a contaminated soil system. The results showed that the amounts of PBDEs enriched in carrot and lettuce were positively correlated with those in a passive sampler (r 2  = 0.46-0.88). No concentration correlation was observed for OPEs between lettuce and passive samplers, due to possible degradation of OPEs in lettuce. The root-to-porewater ratios of PBDEs and OPEs, respectively, were 6.2 to 11 and 0.05 to 0.88 L g -1 for carrot, and 8.8 to 130 and less than reporting limits to 1.2 L g -1 for lettuce. The ratios were negatively correlated with log K OW values for carrot, but increased with increasing log K OW values over a range of 1.97 to 6.80, and then decreased with log K OW values greater than 6.80 for lettuce. This finding indicated that passive transport and partition were the accumulation pathways of PBDEs and OPEs in carrot and lettuce, respectively. Overall, passive samplers performed adequately in assessing the available fractions of persistent HOCs in plants, and can serve as a viable tool for exploring the pathways for plant root uptake of HOCs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2338-2349. © 2024 SETAC., (© 2024 SETAC.)

Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis (Dianbaizhu) is a traditional Chinese herb for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, its macromolecular components have always been overlooked. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and effect on improving RA of polysaccharides from Dianbaizhu (DBZP). The results showed the yield of DBZP was 4.07 % ± 0.03 %, and it was composed of Mannose (6.63 %), ribose (1.33 %), rhamnose (4.53 %), glucuronic acid (2.95 %), galacturonic acid (32.29 %), glucose (13.78 %), galactose (22.97 %), xylose (3.94 %) and arabinose (11.59 %), with a large molecular weight distribution range. DBZP treatment could reduce the paws thickness and arthritis scores of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, and improve inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, bone erosion, and deterioration. The abundance of several specific bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Alistipes, Mucispirillum, and Candidatus&#95;Saccharimonas, and some metabolites in feces or urine, such as 11beta-hydroxytestosterone, pregnanediol 3-O-glucuronide, p-cresol sulfate and several amino acids and peptides, was also altered. The process of DBZP alleviating RA through gut microbiota involves affecting the digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates and protein, altering sex hormones levels, and regulating intestinal immune function, such as the differentiation and signaling of Th17 cells. These findings suggest that DBZP possesses a protective effect on CIA in mice via modulating gut microbiota., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Avoiding the stacking of active sites in catalyst structural design is a promising route for realizing active oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, using a CoFe Prussian blue analoge cube with hollow structure (C-CoFe PBA) as a derived support, a highly effective Ni 2 P-FeP 4 -Co 2 P catalyst with a larger specific surface area is reported. Benefiting from the abundant active sites and fast charge transfer capability of the phosphide nanosheets, the Ni 2 P-FeP 4 -Co 2 P catalyst in 1 m KOH requires only overpotentials of 248 and 277 mV to reach current density of 10 and 50 mA cm -2 and outperforms the commercial catalyst RuO 2 and most reported non-noble metal OER catalysts. In addition, the two-electrode system consisting of Ni 2 P-FeP 4 -Co 2 P and Pt/C is able to achieve a current density of 10 and 50 mA cm -2 at 1.529 and 1.65 V. This work provides more ideas and directions for synthesizing transition metal catalysts for efficient OER performance., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Aim: Postoperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) refers to the cognitive impairment experienced by patients after surgery. As a target of sevoflurane, a kind of inhalation anesthetic, the balance of the GABAergic system can be disrupted during the perioperative period. In this study, we explored the promoting effect of abnormal elevation of the α5 subtype of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors caused by sevoflurane and surgical trauma on PND, as well as the therapeutic effect of fasudil on PND., Methods: Eight-week-old mice were pretreated with fasudil, and after 10 days, sevoflurane-induced femoral fracture surgery was performed to establish an animal model of PND. The Morris water maze and fear conditioning tests were used to evaluate PND induced by this model. Biochemical and electrophysiological analyses were conducted to assess the protective effect of fasudil on the GABAergic system., Results: Following artificial fracture, the hippocampus-dependent memory was damaged in these mice. Fasudil pretreatment, however, ameliorated cognitive function impairment in mice induced by sevoflurane and surgery. Mechanistically, fasudil was found to restore the increased hippocampus expression and function of α5GABAARs in mice with PND. In addition, pretreatment with Fasudil inhibited the enhancement in the calcium ion concentration and phosphorylation of Camk2, as well as the activation of the Radixin pathway which led to increased phosphorylation of the ERM family in the hippocampal CA1 region of the PND model., Conclusion: Preadministration of fasudil improved postoperative cognitive function in PND mice by inhibiting the activation of Camk2 and Radixin pathways and finally downregulating the surface expression of α5GABAAR in hippocampus neurons., (© 2024 The Author(s). CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The most common form of replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is hemodialysis, and the adequacy of hemodialysis is strongly associated with the quality of life and long-term survival of patients. Kt/V is currently one of the most important indicators for evaluating the adequacy of hemodialysis. There are many methods for measuring Kt/V, such as blood collection and measurement, dialysate measurement, bioresistive resistance, WinNonlin software analysis, and artificial intelligence. There are different views on the importance of Kt/V as an indicator of the adequacy of hemodialysis. This article provides a literature review of the various methods of measuring Kt/V and on different perspectives on Kt/V as an evaluation of hemodialysis adequacy., (© 2024 International Society for Apheresis and Japanese Society for Apheresis.)

Objective: To investigate the impact of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist Exendin-4 on the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in male ApoE -/- mice, and investigate alterations in the concentrations of inflammatory factors in plasma and spleen tissues and assess their correlation with MDSCs., Methods: Thirty male ApoE -/- mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6 per group): control group (CON), model group (MOD), Exendin-4 intervention group (MOD/Ex-4), Exendin-9-39 intervention group (MOD/Ex-9-39), and Exendin-4 + Exendin-9-39 combined intervention group (MOD/Ex-4 + Ex-9-39). After 4 weeks of drug intervention, changes in aortic plaque were observed using Oil Red O staining and H&E staining. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the content of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in bone marrow and peripheral blood. ELISA was utilized to measure the concentrations of inflammatory factors in mouse peripheral blood plasma, while RT-qPCR was employed to quantify the expression levels of inflammatory factors in the spleen. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between MDSCs and inflammatory factors., Results: Mice in the MOD group had significantly higher body weight compared to the CON group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Following Exendin-4 intervention, body weight was reduced compared to the MOD group (P<0.05). Additionally, Exendin-4 treatment led to a significant reduction in atherosclerotic plaque compared to the MOD group (P<0.001). After Exendin-4 intervention, the proportion of MDSCs in the bone marrow was higher than in the MOD group (P<0.001), and the proportion of MDSCs in peripheral blood was significantly higher than in the MOD group (P<0.05). Further investigation revealed that Exendin-4 could regulate lipid levels in mice, decreasing concentrations of TG (P<0.01), TC (P<0.0001), and LDL-C (P<0.0001), while increasing HDL-C concentrations (P<0.01). Moreover, after Exendin-4 treatment, the level of the cytokine IL-6 in peripheral plasma was significantly lower compared to the MOD group (P<0.0001), while levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly higher compared to the MOD group (P<0.0001). In the spleen, levels of the cytokines IL-10 (P<0.0001) and TGF-β (P<0.001) were significantly increased compared to the MOD group. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the proportion of MDSCs in peripheral blood was positively correlated with IL-10 and TGF-β levels in both the spleen and peripheral blood. Additionally, the proportion of MDSCs in the bone marrow was positively correlated with IL-10 and TGF-β levels in the spleen and peripheral blood., Conclusion: Exendin-4 alleviates the severity of atherosclerosis. This process may be achieved by promoting the secretion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of atherosclerotic ApoE -/- mice, regulating the ratio of inflammatory factors in the body, reducing mouse body weight, and lowering blood lipids., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is one of the most important pathological characteristics of gastric cancer. The positive rate of HER2 expression in patients with gastric cancer is approximately 20%. The phase III Keynote-811 study revealed that anti-HER2 and anti-PD-1 therapy combined with chemotherapy could significantly improve the objective response rate as first-line treatment in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with trastuzumab and PD-1 inhibitors in patients with advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer in a real-world setting. Seventy-two HER2-positive gastric cancer patients from three hospitals in China were retrospectively reviewed. These patients were treated with trastuzumab plus one anti-PD-1 agent with or without chemotherapy. The overall response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival were assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST 1.1). From January 2018 to October 2021, 72 patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer received trastuzumab and a PD-1 inhibitor with or without chemotherapy as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, first-line therapy, second-line therapy or salvage therapy. The ORR was 54.2% for all patients and 79.4% for previously untreated patients. The median PFS and median OS were 10 months (95% CI: 8-13 months) and 26.1 months (95% CI: 18.5-NA months), respectively, for all patients. Grade 3 adverse effects occurred in approximately 25% of patients. Immune-related adverse effects occurred in approximately 12.5% of patients. Trastuzumab and PD-1 inhibitor combination therapy with or without chemotherapy achieved satisfactory survival outcomes in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer with acceptable safety., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction and Aims: The histological and morphological differences in soft tissue between natural teeth and peri-implant may result in different clinical effectiveness to free gingival graft (FGG). This research aims to investigate the different efficacy of FGG in augmenting keratinized tissue width (KTW) between tooth and implant sites while evaluating its medium-term stability over a 2- to 5-year follow-up., Methods: In this study, 29 patients underwent FGG to address insufficient clinical scenarios when KTW <2 mm at the buccal aspect, including 37 implant sites and 33 natural teeth sites both in posterior regions were included. The KTW and gingival margin position (GMP) of these sites was assessed by measuring the intra-oral photographs which were taken at 0 days (T0), 3-month (T1), 6-month (T2), 12-month post-surgery (T3), and 2 to 5 years follow-up (T4)., Results: The results revealed that KTW increased significantly in both groups. However, the natural teeth group showed significantly less graft shrinkage (GS) than the implants group. (Teeth: 2.05 ± 0.51 mm and 25.42% ± 6.45%; Implants: 3.18 ± 0.65 mm and 38.92% ± 5.39%, P <.01). From T1 to T4. The gingival margin coronally advanced by 0.47 ± 0.51 mm and 0.18 ± 0.43 mm for the natural teeth and implants group, respectively (P<.05)., Conclusions: A greater KTW reduction after FGG was observed at implants versus natural teeth. And, the graft surrounding implants after crown restoration was stable for up to 2 to 5 years., Clinical Relevance: By comparing the changes in KTW around natural teeth and implants following FGG to investigate whether there are differences between them and the degree of differences. Additionally, this allows us to explore whether the restorations impact the effect of FGG. This research can assist clinicians in selecting an appropriate amount of soft tissue during surgery to achieve treatment goals, reduce postoperative discomfort for patients, and enhance predictability in clinicians' ability to increase keratinized tissue. Furthermore, by observing changes in the position of GMP around natural teeth and implants, the effectiveness of FGG in root coverage can be understood, thus improving the predictability of FGG for root coverage., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in lung cancer patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia, providing a reference for developing targeted PONV prevention and management strategies., Methods: Using a consecutive sampling method, 200 lung cancer patients who underwent their first thoracoscopic surgery under general anesthesia between November 18, 2021, and March 1, 2022, at a tertiary class A cancer hospital in Liaoning Province, China, were selected. The occurrence of PONV within 24 h post-operation was assessed using WHO Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Rating Criteria. Patient general information, surgical and medication data were systematically collected to analyze the independent influencing factors of PONV., Results: Among the 200 patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery under general anesthesia, 75 (37.5%) experienced PONV. Logistic regression analysis indicated that being female, having a history of motion sickness, and a history of PONV were independent risk factors for the occurrence of PONV in these patients. Long-acting antiemetics such as penehyclidine hydrochloride and methylprednisolone were protective factors against PONV., Conclusion: The incidence of PONV in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery under general anesthesia is relatively high. Nursing staff should focus on female patients and those with a history of motion sickness and PONV. Comprehensive preoperative assessments should be conducted, exploring multimodal analgesia and applying integrated prevention measures to reduce the occurrence of PONV and promote the rapid recovery of patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Risperidone extended-release injectable suspension (R-ERIS; marketed as RYKINDO) is a novel immediate-release version of risperidone formulated as extended-release microspheres for biweekly intramuscular injection to treat schizophrenia in adults. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of R-ERIS were evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, open-label, multiple-dose study in patients with stable schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Eligible patients (N = 108) 18 to 65 years old were randomized (1:1) to receive IM injections of R-ERIS 25 mg or the comparator, a biweekly risperidone long-acting injectable (BW-RLAI; marketed as RISPERDAL CONSTA) 25 mg for a total of 5 injections. The primary objective was to evaluate the relative bioavailability of active moiety (risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone) at steady state. Blood samples were analyzed for risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone using a validated, specific, and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method. Plasma concentration-time data were analyzed using non-compartmental methods. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on individual patient PK profiles. Safety was assessed using standard measures. At steady state, mean plasma concentrations of the active moiety were similar for R-ERIS and BW-RLAI. R-ERIS rapidly released risperidone after the injection without apparent lag time. Plasma active moiety levels reached steady state after the second injection of R-ERIS. The elimination of the drug was completed approximately 2 weeks earlier for R-ERIS as compared to that for BW-RLAI. R-ERIS was safe and well tolerated. Overall, R-ERIS exhibited a faster onset and offset than BW-RLAI and statistical analysis of exposure parameters demonstrated bioequivalence at steady state., (© 2024, The American College of Clinical Pharmacology.)

Entomopathogenic fungi have been widely used as the main mycoinsecticide for controlling agricultural and forest pests. The effector molecules of these mycopathogens have evolved to adapt to their hosts. The role of fungal effectors in evading the host immune system in insects remains mainly unclear. We characterized the widely distributed fungal effector necrosis-inducing-like secreted protein 1 (NLS1) in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii. Our findings revealed the presence of M. robertsii NLS1 (MrNLS1) in host hemocytes during the early stage of hemocoel infection. MrNLS1 knock down (ΔMrNLS1) reduced fungal pathogenicity during infection and altered the expression of host immune genes. The molecular docking results and the yeast 2-hybrid assay confirmed that MrNLS1 interacts with the host defense protein Hdd11. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Hdd11 is conserved across a broad range of Lepidoptera species. Knock down of hdd11 in Helicoverpa armigera, Bombyx mori, and Galleria mellonella markedly suppressed their immune responses against M. robertsii. However, no significant difference was observed in the mean lethal time between hdd11-knockdown Lepidoptera species infected with ΔMrNLS1 and those infected with wild-type M. robertsii. Therefore, in Lepidoptera insects, Hdd11 is essential for fungal defense. In conclusion, M. robertsii infects Lepidoptera insects by targeting host Hdd11 through its protein MrNLS1, thereby suppressing the host immune response. Our findings clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal infection pathogenesis., (© 2024 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)

Evidence on the link of long-term exposure to ozone (O 3 ) with childhood asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema is inconclusive. We did a population-based cross-sectional survey, including 177,888 children from 173 primary and middle schools in 14 Chinese cities. A satellite-based spatiotemporal model was employed to assess four-year average O 3 exposure at both residential and school locations. Information on asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and conjunctivitis was collected by a standard questionnaire developed by the American Thoracic Society. We used generalized non-linear and linear mixed models to test the associations. We observed linear exposure-response associations between O 3 and all outcomes. The odds ratios of doctor-diagnosed asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and conjunctivitis associated with per interquartile increment in home-school O 3 concentration were 1.31 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.28, 1.34), 1.25 (95 %CI: 1.23, 1.28), 1.19 (95 %CI: 1.16, 1.21), and 1.28 (95 %CI: 1.21, 1.34), respectively. Similar associations were observed for asthma-related outcomes including current asthma, wheeze, current wheeze, persistent phlegm, and persistent cough. Moreover, stronger associations were observed among children who were aged > 12 years, physically inactive, and exposed to higher temperature. In conclusion, long-term O 3 exposure was associated with higher risks of asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema in children., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Standard treatment for patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (LA/M STS) is chemotherapy based on anthracyclines, but patient tolerance of chemotherapy is limited. The present trial (NCT03792542) investigated the use of anlotinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced STS, in particular liposarcoma., Patients and Methods: Eligible patients were previously untreated, pathologically confirmed, unresectable LA/M STS cases. Anlotinib was given orally at a dose of 12 mg once daily from days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks until disease progression or intolerable adverse events (AE) occurred. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate, and disease control rate (DCR). The safety profile was also evaluated., Results: Forty patients were enrolled from April 2019 to June 2022 and are included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The median PFS was 6.83 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.17-8.71] and the median OS 27.40 months (95% CI, 16.43-not evaluable); 1 patient reached partial response and 26 attained stable disease, with a DCR of 67.5% (27/40). Median PFS and OS times for liposarcoma patients were 8.71 and 16.23 months, respectively. Ten (25.0%) patients had treatment-related AEs ≥ grade 3, with in particular a higher incidence of hypertension (15.0%) and proteinuria (7.5%)., Conclusions: The findings suggest a potential benefit in using front-line anlotinib to treat patients with STS, who are not eligible for cytotoxic chemotherapy. Of note, the clinical outcomes for the liposarcoma subgroup of patients were encouraging. See related commentary by Napolitano et al., p. 4257., (©2024 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)

Near-infrared light-emitting diodes (NIR LEDs) based on perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have produced external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ~15 %. However, these high-performance NIR-QLEDs suffer from immediate carrier quenching because of the accumulation of migratable ions at the surface of the QDs. These uncoordinated ions and carriers-if not bound to the nanocrystal surface-serve as centers for exciton quenching and device degradation. In this work, we overcome this issue and fabricate high-performance NIR QLEDs by devising a ligand anchoring strategy, which entails dissolving the strong-binding ligand (Guanidine Hydroiodide, GAI) in the mediate-polar solvent. By employing the dye-sensitized device structure (phosphorescent indicator), we demonstrate the elimination of the interface defects. The treated QDs films exhibit an exciton binding energy of 117 meV: this represents a 1.5-fold increase compared to that of the control (74 meV). We report, as a result, the NIR QLEDs with an EQE of 21 % which is a record among NIR perovskite QLEDs. These QLEDs also exhibit a 7-fold higher operational stability than that of the best previously reported NIR QLEDs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the QDs are compatible with large-area QLEDs: we showcase 900 mm 2 QLEDs with EQE approaching 20 %., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

This study aims to reveal the effect and mechanism of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis water extract on the rat model of hyperviscosity induced by a high-sugar, high-salt, and high-fat diet. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomized into normal, model, Compound Danshen Tablets(0.5 g·kg~(-1)), and low-, medium-, and high-dose(0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g·kg~(-1), respectively) Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis water extract groups. Except the normal group, the remaining groups were fed with a high-salt and high-fat diet and received regular gavage of sucrose solution(20 g·kg~(-1)) for 12 consecutive weeks. The modeling was accompanied by gavage of corresponding drugs. During the experimental period, general signs(such as grip strength, automatic activity, vertigo time, and pain threshold), blood rheology, and blood flow in the tail microcirculation were measured. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the positive cells of intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1/CD54) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM-1/CD106) in the peripheral blood and the Ca~(2+) fluorescence intensity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(PECAM-1/CD31), endothelin 1(ET-1), thromboxane A2(TXA2), prostaglandin I2(PGI2), nitric oxide(NO), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and Gomori's aldehyde-fuchsin staining were used to observe the pathological and morphological changes in rat colon and aorta. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was conducted to determine the mRNA levels of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88), nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB), ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in the aortic tissue. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of occludin and claudin-1 in the colon tissue and ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and IL-6 in the aortic tissue. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in the aortic tissue. The results showed that Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis water extract significantly improved the general signs, reduced the whole blood viscosity, whole blood reducing viscosity, and whole blood flow resistance, increased the blood flow of tail microcirculation, reduced the rates of CD54, CD106-positive cells in peripheral blood, and attenuated the blood flow obstruction in the rat model of hyperviscosity. The water extract significantly lowered the serum levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, and ET-1, elevated the PGI2 and NO level, and alleviated vascular endothelial injury. In addition, the water extract decreased the content of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP in the serum and reduced the vascular inflammatory injury. Moreover, the Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis water extract improved the morphology of colon and aortic tissues, promoted the expression of occludin and claudin-1 in the colon, and down-regulated the mRNA levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 as well as the protein levels of TLR4, NF-κB, and IL-6 in the aortic tissue. In conclusion, the results suggest that the Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis water extract may regulate the endothelial inflammatory injury via the TLR4/NF-κB/ICAM-1 pathway, thereby ameliorating hyperviscosity.

Background: Despite the growing research on 3D printing (3DP) in cardio-thoracic diseases, comprehensive bibliometric analyses remain scarce. This study aims to bridge this gap by identifying key research trends and hotspots within the field., Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted on publications from 1991 to 2024 using data from the Web of Science Core Collection, with analysis performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package 'bibliometrix'., Results: The analysis included 2,836 documents authored by 14,206 researchers across 85 countries. A significant rise in annual publications was observed, with the United States, China, and the United Kingdom leading in contributions. Prominent institutions, including Stanford University, were highlighted, while Scientific Reports and Biomaterials were identified as influential journals. Key research areas encompass cardiovascular, lung, and breast diseases, along with chest wall reconstructions, with emerging trends focusing on advanced materials for drug delivery and tissue engineering., Conclusion: This comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 3DP in cardio-thoracic diseases reveals global research trends, emerging themes, and the crucial role of 3DP in advancing medical education and personalized treatment, highlighting areas for future research and development., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare race- and ethnicity-specific BMI cutoffs for the three classes of obesity based on equivalent risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D)., Methods: Participants without T2D were included from the UK Biobank, the China Health and Nutrition Survey, and the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Poisson regressions with restricted cubic splines were applied to determine BMI cutoffs for each non-White race and ethnicity for equivalent incidence rates of T2D at BMI values of 30.0, 35.0, and 40.0 kg/m 2 in White adults., Results: During a median follow-up of 13.8 years among 507,763 individuals, 5.2% developed T2D. In women, BMI cutoffs for an equivalent incidence rate of T2D as observed at 40.0 kg/m 2 in White adults were 31.6 kg/m 2 in Black, 29.2 kg/m 2 in British Chinese, 27.3 kg/m 2 in South Asian, 26.9 kg/m 2 in Native Chinese, and 25.1 kg/m 2 in Singapore Chinese adults. In men, the corresponding BMI cutoffs were 31.9 kg/m 2 in Black, 30.6 kg/m 2 in British Chinese, 29.0 kg/m 2 in South Asian, 29.6 kg/m 2 in Native Chinese, and 27.6 kg/m 2 in Singapore Chinese adults. The race and ethnicity order was consistent when equivalent BMI cutoffs were estimated for class I and II obesity., Conclusions: Establishing a race- and ethnicity-tailored classification of the three classes of obesity is urgently needed., (© 2024 The Obesity Society.)

Despite the increasing evidence for rapid thermal evolution in natural populations, evolutionary rescue under global warming may be constrained by the presence of other stressors. Highly relevant in our polluted planet, is the largely ignored evolutionary trade-off between heat tolerance and tolerance to pollutants. By using two subpopulations (separated 40 years in time) from a resurrected natural population of the water flea Daphnia magna that experienced a threefold increase in heat wave frequency during this period, we tested whether rapid evolution of heat tolerance resulted in reduced tolerance to the widespread metal zinc and whether this would affect heat tolerance upon exposure to the pollutant. Our results revealed rapid evolution of increased heat tolerance in the recent subpopulation. Notably, the sensitivity to the metal tended to be stronger (reduction in net energy budget) or was only present (reductions in heat tolerance and in sugar content) in the recent subpopulation. As a result, the rapidly evolved higher heat tolerance of the recent subpopulation was fully offset when exposed to zinc. Our results highlight that the many reports of evolutionary rescue to global change stressors may give a too optimistic view as our warming planet is polluted by metals and other pollutants., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Noncovalent spatial interaction has become an intriguing and important tool for constructing optoelectronic molecules. In this study, we linearly attached three conjugated units in a multi π-stacked manner by using just one trident bridge based on indeno[2,1-b]fluorene. To achieve this structure, we improved the synthetic approach through double C-H activation, significantly simplifying the preparation process. Due to the proximity of the C10, C11, and C12 sites in indeno[2,1-b]fluorene, we derived two novel donor|acceptor|donor (D|A|D) type molecules, 2DMB and 2DMFB, which exhibited closely packed intramolecular stacking, enabling efficient through-space charge transfer. This molecular construction is particularly suitable for developing high-performance thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials. With donor(s) and acceptor(s) constrained and separated within this spatially rigid structure, elevated radiative transition rates, and high photoluminescence quantum yields were achieved. Organic light-emitting diodes incorporating 2DMB and 2DMFB demonstrated superior efficiency, achieving maximum external quantum efficiencies of 28.6 % and 16.2 %, respectively., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder associated with reproductive dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, particularly characterized by insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation. Multiple clinical studies have clearly demonstrated the significant efficacy and safety of the combination of Bailing capsules (BL) in the treatment of PCOS, but its pharmacological effects and mechanisms still require further study., Aim of the Study: To evaluate the effect of BL on improving PCOS in mice and explore the mechanism., Methods: In this study, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) injection was administered alone and in combination with a high-fat and high-sugar diet to induce PCOS-like mouse. They were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (N), PCOS group (P), Bailing capsule low-dose group (BL-L), Bailing capsule high-dose group (BL-H) and Metformin + Daine-35 group (M + D). Firstly, the effects of BL on ovarian lesions, serum hormone levels, HOMA-IR, intestinal barrier function, inflammation levels, along with the expression of IRS1, PI3K, AKT, TLR4, Myd88, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and Occludin of the ovary, liver and colon were investigated. Finally, the composition of the gut microbiome of fecal was tested., Results: The administration of BL significantly reduced body weight, improved hormone levels, improved IR, and attenuated pathological damage to ovarian tissues, up-regulated the expression of IRS1, PI3K, and AKT in liver. It also decreased serum LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, while downregulating the expression of Myd88, TLR4, and NF-κB p65. Additionally, BL improved intestinal barrier damage and upregulated the expression of Occludin. Interestingly, the abundance of norank&#95;f&#95;&#95;Muribaculacea and Lactobacillus was down-regulated, while the abundance of Akkermansia was significantly up-regulated., Conclusion: The results of the study showed that BL exerts a treatment PCOS effect, which may be related to the modulation of the gut microbiota, the improvement of insulin resistance and the intestinal-derived LPS-TLR4 inflammatory pathway. Our research will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of PCOS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that none of the work reported in this study could have been influenced by any known competing financial interests or personal relationships., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This review aims to summarize existing interventions from the international literature addressing fertility concerns in cancer patients, providing theoretical and practical guidance for future interventions. Methods: In September 2023, a systematic search covering 13 databases was conducted using the methodology outlined by the Joanne Briggs Institute for a comprehensive systematic review. This search identified published English and Chinese-language papers. Results: A total of 20 studies meeting inclusion criteria were included in this review. The studies predominantly originated in China and the United States. A comprehensive synthesis of interventions from the included literature across three dimensions and seven aspects was conducted. The interventions primarily focused on psychological interventions and web-based self-help tools for patients. The Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale (RCAC) was the primary assessment tool employed. Conclusion: Addressing fertility concerns in cancer patients is a complex issue involving various stakeholders and diverse intervention strategies. Lessons from international research can inform the development of context-specific interventions tailored to individual needs.