1. Dietary tryptophan deficiency and its supplementation compromises inflammatory mechanisms and disease resistance in a teleost fish.
- Author
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Machado M, Azeredo R, Domingues A, Fernandez-Boo S, Dias J, Conceição LEC, and Costas B
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animals, Bass growth & development, Bass microbiology, Blood Bactericidal Activity, Blood Cell Count, Body Weight drug effects, Complement Pathway, Alternative drug effects, Disease Resistance, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Erythrocyte Indices, Fish Diseases microbiology, Gene Expression Profiling, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Hemoglobins analysis, Hydrocortisone blood, Immunity, Humoral, Inflammation blood, Inflammation genetics, Muramidase blood, Neuroimmunomodulation, Nutritional Requirements, Peroxidases blood, Photobacterium, Tryptophan administration & dosage, Tryptophan physiology, Tryptophan therapeutic use, Bass immunology, Fish Diseases etiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections etiology, Inflammation immunology, Tryptophan deficiency
- Abstract
Tryptophan participates on several physiological mechanisms of the neuroendocrine-immune network and plays a critical role in macrophages and lymphocytes function. This study intended to evaluate the modulatory effects of dietary tryptophan on the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune status, inflammatory response and disease resistance to Photobacterium damselae piscicida. A tryptophan deficient diet (NTRP); a control diet (CTRL); and two other diets supplemented with tryptophan at 0.13% (TRP13) and 0.17% (TRP17) of feed weight were formulated. Fish were sampled at 2 and 4 weeks of feeding and the remaining were i.p. injected with Phdp (3 × 10
6 cfu/fish) at 4 weeks and the inflammatory response (at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection) as well as survival were evaluated. Results suggest that fish immune status was not altered in a tryptophan deficient scenario whereas in response to an inflammatory insult, plasma cortisol levels increased and the immune cell response was compromised, which translated in a lower disease resistance. When dietary tryptophan was offered 30% above its requirement level, plasma cortisol increased and, in response to bacterial infection, a decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and several immune-related genes was observed, also compromising at some degree fish disease resistance.- Published
- 2019
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