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Bifunctional electrode materials are highly desirable for meeting increasing global energy demands and mitigating environmental impact. However, improving the atom-efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of storage systems, as well as optimizing conversion processes to enhance overall energy utilization and sustainability, remains a significant challenge for their application. Herein, we devised an optimized, facile, economic, and scalable synthesis of large area (cm 2 ), ultrathin (∼2.9 ± 0.3 nm) electroactive nanosheet of β-Ni(OH) 2, which acted as bifunctional electrode material for charge storage and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The β-Ni(OH) 2 nanosheet electrode shows the volumetric capacity of 2.82 Ah.cm -3 (0.82 µAh.cm -2 ) at the current density of 0.2 mA.cm -2 . The device shows a high capacity of 820 mAh.cm -3 with an ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 0.33 Wh.cm -3 at 275.86 W.cm -3 along with promising stability (30,000 cycles). Furthermore, the OER activity of ultrathin β-Ni(OH) 2 exhibits an overpotential (η 10 ) of 308 mV and a Tafel value of 42 mV dec -1 suggesting fast reaction kinetics. The mechanistic studies are enlightened through density functional theory (DFT), which reveals that additional electronic states near the Fermi level enhance activity for both capacitance and OER., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pancreatic β-cells are composed of different subtypes that play a key role in the control of insulin secretion and thereby control glucose homeostasis. In vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into 3D spheroids leads to the generation of β-cell subtypes and thus to the development of islet-like structures. Using this cutting-edge cell model, the aim of the study was to decipher the signaling signature that underlines β-cell subtypes, with a focus on the search for the activity of motifs of important transcription regulators (TRs). The investigation was performed using data from previous single-cell sequencing analysis introduced into the integrated system for motif activity response analysis (ISMARA) of transcription regulators. We extracted the matrix of important TRs activated in the β-cell subpopulation and bi-hormonal-like β-cells. Based on these TRs and their targets, we built specific regulatory networks for main cell subpopulations. Our data confirmed the transcriptomic heterogeneity of the β-cell subtype lineage and suggested a mechanism that could account for the differentiation of β-cell subtypes during pancreas development. We do believe that our findings could be instrumental for understanding the mechanisms that affect the balance of β-cell subtypes, leading to impaired insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.

Blue/turquoise crystals of Sr 2 Cr II (PO 4 ) 2 with prismatic shape and edge-length of up to 1 mm were obtained by a vapor-phase moderated solid-state reaction at 1273 K in sealed silica tubes. Its crystal structure was solved and refined from a triply twinned ("trilling") crystal [ Pbca (no. 61), Z = 12, a = 10.7064(6) Å, b = 9.2730(5) Å, c = 21.2720(7) Å, R 1 = 0.038]. Sr 2 Cr(PO 4 ) 2 belongs to the small family of inorganic solids containing divalent chromium, where the rare Cr 2+ ions are stabilized by the inductive effect of the phosphate groups. As expected from its d 4 ( S = 2) electronic configuration, the Jahn-Teller effect (JT) is prominent, leading for the two independent Cr 2+ ions to square-pyramidal Cr(1)O 4+1 and square-planar Cr(2)O 4 coordination within a 3D chromium phosphate network [Cr II 2 (PO 4 ) 4 ] 8 . Topologically, the Cr(1) and Cr(2) cations are arranged in separate alternating layers stacked along the c axis. In their respective layers, Cr(1) shows a gapped 2D topology and only weak interaction with the adjacent Cr(2) layers. However, below T N1 ∼11.3 K, Cr(1) orders antiferromagnetically into a noncollinear structure, leaving nearly paramagnetic Cr(2) idle spins, strongly frustrated by the Cr(1) moments of the next layers. On further cooling, below T N2 ∼3.6 K, the ordering of Cr(2) occurs via an additional magnetic irreducible representation, which splits the Cr(1) into Cr(1)a and Cr(1)b orbits, thus lifting the frustration on Cr(2). The corresponding P2 1 ca.29.99 magnetic space group forces a crystal symmetry lowering, plausibly signed by a change of the magnetostrictive coefficient from positive to negative below T N2 . The optical transitions observed for the JT d 4 ions are in good agreement with our crystal picture from the DFT calculations. A detailed analysis within the angular overlap model explains the surprisingly different d orbital splitting by the ligand field for the chromophores Cr(1)O 4+1 and Cr(2)O 4 .

Silicified peritidal carbonates of the Tonian Draken Formation, Spitsbergen, contain highly diverse and well-preserved microfossil assemblages dominated by filamentous microbial mats, but also including diverse benthic and/or allochthonous (possibly planktonic) microorganisms. Here, we characterize eight morphospecies in focused ion beam (FIB) ultrathin sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectromicroscopy. Raman and XANES spectroscopies show the highly aromatic molecular structure of preserved organic matter. Despite this apparently poor molecular preservation, nano-quartz crystallization allowed for the preservation of various ultrastructures distinguished in TEM. In some filamentous microfossils (Siphonophycus) as well as in all cyanobacterial coccoids, extracellular polysaccharide sheaths appear as bands of dispersed organic nanoparticles. Synodophycus microfossils, made up of pluricellular colonies of coccoids, contain organic walls similar to the F-layers of pleurocapsalean cyanobacteria. In some fossils, internal content occurs as particulate organic matter, forming dense networks throughout ghosts of the intracellular space (e.g., in Salome svalbardensis filaments), or scarce granules (in some Chroococcales). In some chroococcalean microfossils (Gloeodiniopsis mikros, and also possibly Polybessurus), we find layered internal contents that are more continuous than nanoparticulate bands defining the sheaths, and with a shape that can be contracted, folded, or invaginated. We interpret these internal layers as the remains of cell envelope substructures and/or photosynthetic membranes thickened by additional cellular material. Some Myxococccoides show a thick (up to ~ 0.9 μm) wall ultrastructure displaying organic pillars that is best reconciled with a eukaryotic affinity. Finally, a large spheroid with ruptured wall, of uncertain affinity, displays a bi-layered envelope. Altogether, our nanoscale investigations provide unprecedented insights into the taphonomy and taxonomy of this well-preserved assemblage, which can help to assess the nature of organic microstructures in older rocks., (© 2024 The Author(s). Geobiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: To review and compare existing guidelines on the intrapartum management and postpartum follow-up of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of clinical guidelines related to OASIS management, focusing on intrapartum care and postpartum follow-up. Searches were performed in July 2024 across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Guidelines published after 2010 in English were included., Results: Nine national guidelines were included. There was a consensus on OASIS classification and immediate management, particularly regarding suture techniques, materials, and the necessity of adequate analgesia. However, notable variations were identified in the timing of repair, specialist involvement, use of prophylactic antibiotics, and post-operative care protocols. Postpartum follow-up practices also varied, especially regarding the role of physiotherapy and the timing of specialist consultations, reflecting inconsistencies in long-term care recommendations., Conclusion: Significant variability existed in the guidelines for the management and follow-up of OASIS, particularly in postpartum care. This study underscored the need for standardized, evidence-based guidelines to ensure consistent and optimal care for women affected by OASIS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Professor M. Cosson has contracts from Ab medica, Promedon, Syliva, Proveday and receives consulting fees from Boston scientific and honoraria for educational events from Boston scientific and Promedon. He is also a founder of Digyne start-up.The other authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Childbirth is a complex physiological process in which a foetal neuromusculoskeletal model is of great importance to develop realistic delivery simulations and associated complication analyses. However, the estimation of hip joint centre (HJC) in foetuses remains a challenging issue. Thus, this paper aims to propose and evaluate a new approach to locate the HJC in foetuses. Hip CT-scans from 25 children ( F  = 11, age = 5.5 ± 2.6 years, height = 117 ± 21 cm, mass = 26 kg ± 9.5 kg) were used to propose and evaluate the novel acetabulum sphere fitting process to locate the HJC. This new approach using the acetabulum surface was applied to a population of 57 post-mortem foetal CT scans to locate the HJC as well as to determine associated regression equations using multiple linear regression. As results, the average distance between the HJC located using acetabulum sphere fitting and femoral head sphere fitting in children was 1.5 ± 0.7 mm. The average prediction error using our developed foetal HJC regression equations was 3.0 ± 1.5 mm, even though the equation for the x coordinate had a poor value of R 2 (R 2 for the x coordinate = 0.488). The present study suggests that the use of the acetabulum sphere fitting approach is a valid and accurate method to locate the HJC in children, and then can be extrapolated to get an estimation of the HJC in foetuses with incomplete bone ossification. Therefore, the present paper can be used as a guideline for foetus specific neuromusculoskeletal modelling.

Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma necessitates the implantation of gold fiducial markers in the liver, resulting in artifacts on computed tomography (CT) scans, which affect radiomic feature values., Purpose: This report aims to assess the effect of these artifacts on radiomic features and how removing CT slices affects radiomic features extracted from 3D regions of interest (ROI)., Methods: First, the range variation in 38 tumor contours unaffected by artifacts was assessed after sequentially and randomly removing 25%, 50%, 75% of slices. Subsequently, the agreement of feature values before and after removing ROI slices containing artifacts from 186 patients' CT scans was assessed with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test., Results: In artifact-free tumor volumes, at least 71% of features remain robust with up to 50% of slices removed, while 56% remains robust with up to 75% of slices removed. When comparing contours before and after removing slices containing artifacts, around a third of features in the tumor contour and surrounding area remain robust (CCC > 0.9), compared to 44% in the healthy liver. Concerning the tumor, 13% (Gray Level Size Zone Matrix) to 61% (first order) of the features remain robust (CCC > 0.9). Over 90% of features differ significantly as assessed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test, however., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that removing slices containing artifacts is a feasible solution for the CT fiducial problem in this patient population and provides insight into which features are affected., (© 2024 The Author(s). Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine.)

The global imperative to shift towards renewable and sustainable resources has spurred significant interest in exploring and utilizing platform chemicals derived from renewable feedstocks. Among these, levoglucosenone (LGO) and Cyrene™ have emerged as promising candidates. LGO, derived from the pyrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, exhibits structural versatility, making it an attractive starting material for various valuable products. Its chemical transformations can yield a diverse array of derivatives, including levulinic acid, furan derivatives, and intermediates for pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis, as well as bio-based materials such as bioplastics and resins. Cyrene™, produced through the hydrogenation of LGO, serves as a renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic dipolar aprotic solvent, offering sustainability advantages for green chemistry applications. Herein we report our results on the continuous-flow cascade transformation of LGO into Cyrene™ and then (R)-γ-carboxy-γ-butyrolactone in good yields with an additional mechanistic investigation for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of Cyrene™., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Despite their growing popularity, many fundamental properties and applications of MXene materials remain underexplored. Here, the nonradiative energy transfer properties of 2D titanium carbide MXene are investigated and their application in single-molecule biosensing is explored for the first time. DNA origami positioners are used for single dye placement immobilized by a specific chemistry based on glycine-MXene interactions, allowing precise control of their orientation on the surface. Each DNA origami structure carries a single dye molecule at predetermined heights. Single-molecule fluorescence confocal microscopy reveals that energy transfer of an organic emitter (ATTO 542) on transparent thin films made of spincast Ti 3 C 2 T x flakes follows a cubic distance dependence, where 50% of energy transfer efficiency is reached at 2.7 nm (d 0 ). MXenes are applied as short-distance spectroscopic nanorulers, determining z distances of dye-labeled supported lipid bilayers fused on MXene's hydrophilic surface. Hydration layer (2.1 nm) and lipid bilayer thickness (4.5 nm) values that agree with the literature are obtained. These results highlight titanium carbide MXenes as promising substrates for single-molecule biosensing of ultrathin assemblies, owing to their sensitivity near the interface, a distance regime that is typically inaccessible to other energy transfer tools., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Despite the widespread use of well-defined Pd II complexes as pre-catalysts for cross-coupling processes, the role of the throw-away ligand is still underexplored. In this work we focused on the complexes of the type [Pd(NHC)(η 3 -R-allyl)Cl] (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) and we investigated the influence of the R substitution on the allyl moiety. Starting from the already described [Pd(IPr)(η 3 -cinnamyl)Cl] and [Pd(IPr*)(η 3 -cinnamyl)Cl] (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, IPr* = N , N '-1,3-bis[2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl]imidazol-2-ylidene) we prepared eight new complexes bearing new substitutions on the cinnamyl motif and we tested them in the C-N bond formation to evaluate the effect of the throw-away ligand modification in the catalytic activity. In addition, we studied the undesired formation of the less active off-cycle [PdI2(NHC) 2 (η 3 -R-allyl)(μ-Cl)] dimers from the corresponding Pd II complexes to evaluate the role of the new throw-away ligands on the inhibition of this process.

Despite the use of midostaurin (MIDO) with intensive chemotherapy (ICT) as the front-line treatment for FLT3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), complete remission rates are close to 60-70%, and relapses occur in over 40% of cases. Here we studied the molecular mechanisms underlying refractory/relapsed (R/R) situation in FLT3-mutated AML patients. We conducted a retrospective and multicenter study involving 150 patients with R/R AML harboring FLT3-ITD (n=130) and/or FLT3-TKD (n=26) at diagnosis assessed by standard methods. Patients were treated in front-line with ICT + MIDO (n=54) or ICT alone (n=96) according to the diagnosis date and label of MIDO. The evolution of FLT3 clones and co-mutations was analyzed in paired diagnosis-R/R samples by targeted high-throughput sequencing. Using a dedicated algorithm for FLT3-ITD detection, 189 FLT3-ITD microclones (allelic ratio [AR] < 0.05) and 225 macroclones (AR ≥ 0.05) were detected at both time points. At R/R disease, the rate of FLT3-ITD persistence was lower in patients treated with ICT + MIDO compared with patients not receiving MIDO (68% vs. 87.5%, P=0.011). In patients receiving ICT + MIDO, detection of multiple FLT3-ITD clones (referred to as "clonal interference") was associated with a higher FLT3-ITD persistence rate at R/R disease (multiple clones: 88% vs. single clones: 57%, P=0.049). Considering both treatment groups, if only 24% of FLT3-ITD microclones detected at diagnosis were retained at relapse, 43% of them became macroclones. Together, these results identify parameters influencing the fitness of FLT3-ITD clones and highlight the importance of using sensitive techniques for FLT3--ITD screening in clinical practice., (Copyright © 2024 American Society of Hematology.)

The development of fast ligation chemistries for the site-specific modification of proteins has become a major focus in chemical biology. We describe steps for preparing an oxalyl thioester precursor in the form of an N-oxalyl perhydro-1,2,5-dithiazepine handle, i.e., the oxo SEA group, and incorporating it into a peptide modifier using solid phase peptide synthesis. We then detail procedures for its application for the modification of an N-terminal Cys-containing B1 domain of the streptococcal G protein using the native chemical ligation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Snella et al. 1 ., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Accurate classification of rail transit stations is crucial for successful Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and sustainable urban growth. This paper introduces a novel classification model integrating traditional methodologies with advanced machine learning algorithms. By employing mathematical models, clustering methods, and neural network techniques, the model enhances the precision of station classification, allowing for a refined evaluation of station attributes. A comprehensive case study on the Chengdu rail transit network validates the model's efficacy, highlighting its value in optimizing TOD strategies and guiding decision-making processes for urban planners and policymakers. The study employs several regression models trained on existing data to generate accurate ridership forecasts, and data clustering using mathematical algorithms reveals distinct categories of stations. Evaluation metrics confirm the rationality and accuracy of the results. Additionally, a neural network achieving high accuracy on labeled data enhances the model's predictive capabilities for unlabeled instances. The research demonstrates high accuracy, with the Mean Squared Error (MSE) for regression models (Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Deep-Learning Neural Network (DNN), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN)) remaining below 0.012, while the neural networks used for station classification achieve 100% accuracy across seven time intervals and 98.15% accuracy for the eighth, ensuring reliable ridership forecasts and classification outcomes. Accuracy in rail transit station classification is critical, as it not only strengthens the model's predictive capabilities but also ensures more reliable data-driven decisions for transit planning and development, allowing for more precise ridership forecasts and evidence-based strategies for optimizing TOD. This classification model provides stakeholders with valuable insights into the dynamics and features of rail transit stations, supporting sustainable urban development planning., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Indexing techniques relying on k-mers have proven effective in searching for RNA sequences across thousands of RNA-seq libraries, but without enabling direct RNA quantification. We show here that arbitrary RNA sequences can be quantified in seconds through their decomposition into k-mers, with a precision akin to that of conventional RNA quantification methods. Using an index of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) collection consisting of 1019 RNA-seq samples, we show that k-mer indexing offers a powerful means to reveal non-reference sequences, and variant RNAs induced by specific gene alterations, for instance in splicing factors., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) are believed to play a crucial role for future applications in electronics, spintronics and quantum technologies. A potential candidate is HgTe but its sensitivity to nanofabrication processes restrain its development. A way to circumvent this obstacle is the selective area growth technique. Here, in-plane HgTe nanostructures are grown thanks to selective area molecular beam epitaxy on a semi-insulating CdTe substrate covered with a patterned SiO 2 mask. The shape of these nanostructures is defined by the in-plane orientation of the mask aperture along the <110>, <11¯0>, or <100> direction, the deposited thickness, and the growth temperature (GT). Several micron long in-plane NWs can be achieved as well as more complex nanostructures such as networks, diamond structures or rings. A good selectivity is achieved with very little parasitic growth on the mask even for a GT as low as 140 °C and growth rate up to 0.5 monolayer per second. For <110> oriented NWs, the center of the nanostructure exhibits a trapezoidal shape with {111}B facets and two grains on the sides, while <11¯0> oriented NWs show {111}A facets with adatoms accumulation on the sides of the top surface. Transmission electron microscopy observations reveal a continuous epitaxial relation between the CdTe substrate and the HgTe NW. Measurements of the resistance with four-point scanning tunneling microscopy indicates a good electrical homogeneity along the main NW axis and a thermally activated transport. This growth method paves the way toward the fabrication of complex HgTe-based nanostructures for electronic transport measurements., (© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)

For the first time, we report on the structural and magnetic properties of a polycrystalline sample of Ni 4 Nb 2 O 9 from I-type ( Fdd 2), obtained by the partial cosubstitution of Nb 5+ by Ti 4+ and W 6+ . The crystal structure is investigated by combining synchrotron X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction at room temperature. This I-type structure is derived from the corundum-like Ni 4 Nb 2 O 9 II-type ( Pbcn ) and is noncentrosymmetric and polar. The Ni-lattice is composed of the stacking of distorted honeycomb layers with double zigzag ribbons 60° disoriented from each other in two successive double layers. The connection between layers is ensured by the sharing of octahedra faces building (Nb,W,Ti) 2 O 9 , Ni 2 O 9 , and Ni 3 O 12 units. This study shows how the disruption of the Nb 2 O 6 units by smaller d 0 cations impacts the structure, significantly modifying the Ni network and, thus, the magnetic properties. The latter were studied by dc- and ac-magnetic susceptibility, and the magnetic structure was solved by neutron powder diffraction. A ferrimagnetic behavior occurs below 68 K, followed by a re-entrant spin-glass-like behavior below ≈50 K.

Molten silicates at depth are crucial for planetary evolution, yet their local structure and physical properties under extreme conditions remain elusive due to experimental challenges. In this study, we utilize in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) end-station of the Linear Coherent Linac Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory to investigate liquid silicates. Using an ultrabright X-ray source and a high-power optical laser, we probed the local atomic arrangement of shock-compressed liquid (Mg,Fe)SiO 3 with varying Fe content, at pressures from 81(9) to 385(40) GPa. We compared these findings to ab initio molecular dynamics simulations under similar conditions. Results indicate continuous densification of the O-O and Mg-Si networks beyond Earth's interior pressure range, potentially altering melt properties at extreme conditions. This could have significant implications for early planetary evolution, leading to notable differences in differentiation processes between smaller rocky planets, such as Earth and Venus, and super-Earths, which are exoplanets with masses nearly three times that of Earth., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In recent years, fatty acids have garnered significant attention as a natural phase-change material and a hydrophobizer due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, the utilization of fatty acid is proposed as a polymerization medium for the first time. As a specific reaction, chemical oxidative polymerizations of pyrrole is conducted using ferric chloride as an oxidant in a stearic acid medium. The polymerizations resulted in the production of micrometer-sized polypyrrole (PPy) grains, which are aggregates of atypical primary particles with submicrometer size. The PPy grains are doped with stearic acid, suggesting that the stearic acid functioned as a dopant and a hydrophobizing agent as well as a polymerization medium. The dried PPy grains can adsorb at the air-water interface and function as a liquid marble stabilizer with light-to-heat photothermal properties. The liquid marble can move on a planar air-water interface by Marangoni flow induced by NIR laser light irradiation., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

With the emergence of high-precision radiotherapy technologies such as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), MR guided brachytherapy, image guided intensity modulated photon and proton radiotherapy and most recently daily adaptive radiotherapy, reirradiation is increasingly recognized as a viable treatment option for many patients. This includes those with recurrent, metastatic or new malignancies post initial radiotherapy. The primary challenge in reirradiation lies in balancing tumor control against the risk of severe toxicity from cumulative radiation doses to previously irradiated normal tissue. Although technology for precise delivery has advanced at a fast pace, clinical practice of reirradiation still mostly relies on individual expertise, as prospective evidence is scarce, the level of reporting in clinical studies is not standardized and of low quality - especially with respect to cumulative doses received by organs at risk. A recent ESTRO/EORTC initiative proposed a standardized definition of reirradiation and formulated general requirements for minimal reporting in clinical studies [1]. As a consequence we found it timely to convene for an international and interdisciplinary meeting with experts in the field to summarize the current evidence, identify knowledge gaps and explore which best practices can be derived for safe reirradiation. The meeting was held on 15.06.2023 in Zurich and was endorsed by the scientific societies SASRO, DEGRO and ESTRO. Here, we report on available evidence and research priorities in the field of reirradiation, as discussed during the meeting., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective treatment for early-stage gastrointestinal cancers. However, traditional surgical instruments lack accuracy and force-sensing., Methods: A new type of continuum robot for ESD is designed. An accurate static model of the proposed continuum robot is established, considering cases where the robot bends into C-shapes and S-shapes. A force estimation method based on an accurate static model is proposed. Then, the accuracy of the static model and force estimation is verified through experiments. Finally, an ex-organ experiment is carried out., Results: The average position error of the proposed static model is 0.72 mm, accounting for 2.57% of the total robot length. The average error of force estimation is 19.53 mN. By gripping and cutting ex-porcine gastric mucosa, the robot's functionality is validated., Conclusion: This paper contributes to precise control and safe interaction of continuum robots., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The efficient utilization of methane, a vital component of natural gas, shale gas and methane hydrate, holds significant importance for global energy security and environmental sustainability. However, converting methane into value-added oxygenates presents a formidable challenge due to its inert nature. Direct selective oxidation of methane (DSOM) under mild conditions is essential for reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions compared with traditional indirect routes. Achieving total selectivity in methane hydroxylation remains elusive due to the competitive CO 2 formation. This feature article highlights recent advancements in methane hydroxylation using thermo-, photo-, and electro-catalytic systems. Through strategically designing the structure of catalysts to control the reactive oxygen species and optimizing reaction parameters, significant progress has been made in enhancing oxygenate selectivity and minimizing overoxidation. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying methane hydroxylation with total selectivity offers insights for improving catalyst design and reaction parameter optimization, promoting sustainable methane utilization.

The demand for high-performance energy storage devices to power Internet of Things applications has driven intensive research on micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). In this study, RuN films made by magnetron sputtering as an efficient electrode material for MSCs are investigated. The sputtering parameters are carefully studied in order to maximize film porosity while maintaining high electrical conductivity, enabling a fast charging process. Using a combination of advanced techniques, the relationships among the morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of the RuN films are investigated. The films are shown to have a complex structure containing a mixture of crystallized Ru and RuN phases with an amorphous oxide layer. The combination of high electrical conductivity and pseudocapacitive charge storage properties enabled a 16 µm-thick RuN film to achieve a capacitance value of 0.8 F cm -2 in 1 m KOH with ultra-high rate capability., (© 2024 The Author(s). Small published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The fusion index is a key indicator for quantifying the differentiation of a myoblast population, which is often calculated manually. In addition to being time-consuming, manual quantification is also error prone and subjective. Several software tools have been proposed for addressing these limitations but suffer from various drawbacks, including unintuitive interfaces and limited performance. In this study, we describe MyoFInDer, a Python-based program for the automated computation of the fusion index of skeletal muscle. At the core of MyoFInDer is a powerful artificial intelligence-based image segmentation model. MyoFInDer also determines the total nuclei count and the percentage of stained area and allows for manual verification and correction. MyoFInDer can reliably determine the fusion index, with a high correlation to manual counting. Compared with other tools, MyoFInDer stands out as it minimizes the interoperator variability, minimizes process time and displays the best correlation to manual counting. Therefore, it is a suitable choice for calculating fusion index in an automated way, and gives researchers access to the high performance and flexibility of a modern artificial intelligence model. As a free and open-source project, MyoFInDer can be modified or extended to meet specific needs.

As monitoring and diagnostic tools for long COVID-19 cases, wearable systems and supervised learning-based medical image analysis have proven to be useful. Current research on these two technical roadmaps has various drawbacks, despite their respective benefits. Wearable systems allow only the real-time monitoring of physiological parameters (heart rate, temperature, blood oxygen saturation, or SpO 2 ). Therefore, they are unable to conduct in-depth investigations or differentiate COVID-19 from other illnesses that share similar symptoms. Medical image analysis using supervised learning-based models can be used to conduct in-depth analyses and provide precise diagnostic decision support. However, these methods are rarely used for real-time monitoring. In this regard, we present an intelligent garment combining the precision of supervised learning-based models with real-time monitoring capabilities of wearable systems. Given the relevance of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals to long COVID-19 symptom severity, an explainable data fusion strategy based on multiple machine learning models uses heart rate, temperature, SpO 2 , and ECG signal analysis to accurately assess the patient's health status. Experiments show that the proposed intelligent garment achieves an accuracy of 97.5 %, outperforming most of the existing wearable systems. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the two physiological indicators most significantly affected by the presence of long COVID-19 were SpO 2 and the ST intervals of ECG signals., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: MARC JUNIOR NKENGUE reports financial support was provided by French National Research Agency. MARC JUNIOR NKENGUE reports a relationship with Laboratory of Material Engineering of Textiles that includes: employment. MARC JUNIOR NKENGUE has patent pending to CC BY-NC. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Colonic drug delivery offers numerous pharmaceutical opportunities, including direct access to local therapeutic targets and drug bioavailability benefits arising from the colonic epithelium's reduced abundance of cytochrome P450 enzymes and particular efflux transporters. Current workflows for developing colonic drug delivery systems involve time-consuming, low throughput in vitro and in vivo screening methods, which hinder the identification of suitable enabling materials. Polysaccharides are useful materials for colonic targeting, as they can be utilised as dosage form coatings that are selectively digested by the colonic microbiota. However, polysaccharides are a heterogeneous family of molecules with varying suitability for this purpose. To address the need for high-throughput material selection tools for colonic drug delivery, we leveraged machine learning (ML) and publicly accessible experimental data to predict the release of the drug 5-aminosalicylic acid from polysaccharide-based coatings in simulated human, rat, and dog colonic environments. For the first time, Raman spectra alone were used to characterise polysaccharides for input as ML features. Models were validated on 8 unseen drug release profiles from new polysaccharide coatings, demonstrating the generalisability and reliability of the method. Further, model analysis facilitated an understanding of the chemical features that influence a polysaccharide's suitability for colonic drug delivery. This work represents a major step in employing spectral data for forecasting drug release from pharmaceutical formulations and marks a significant advancement in the field of colonic drug delivery. It offers a powerful tool for the efficient, sustainable, and successful development and pre-ranking of colon-targeted formulation coatings, paving the way for future more effective and targeted drug delivery strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest This work was funded by University College London Research Excellence Scholarship and the University College London Centre for Digital Innovation Scholarship (Youssef Abdalla)., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Objectives: Aim of the present study was to create a pedagogical checklist for implant surgical protocol with an augmented reality (AR) guided freehand surgery to inexperienced surgeons using a head mounted display (HMD) with tracking., Methods: The anatomical model of a patient with two missing mandibular teeth requiring conventional single-tooth implants was selected. The computed tomography (CT) scans were extracted and imported into segmentation and implant planning software. A Patient-specific dental splint through an intermediate strut, supported 3D-printed QR code. A checklist was generated to guide surgical procedure. After tracking, the AR-HMD projects the virtual pre-surgical plan (inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), implant axis, implant location) onto the real 3D-printed anatomical models. The entire drilling sequence was based on the manufacturer's recommendations, on 3D-printed anatomical models. After the implant surgical procedure, CT of the 3D-printed models was performed to compare the actual and simulated implant placements. All procedures in the study were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki., Results: In total, two implants were placed in a 3D-printed anatomical model of a female patient who required implant rehabilitation for dental agenesis at the second mandibular premolar positions (#35 and #45). Superimposition of the actual and simulated implants showed high concordance between them., Conclusion: AR in education offers crucial surgical information for novice surgeons in real time. However, the benefits provided by AR in clinical and educational implantology must be demonstrated in other studies involving a larger number of patients, surgeons and apprentices., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

CuM and AgM (M = Cr, Fe) catalysts were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated in methane reforming with CO 2 with and without pretreatment under a H 2 atmosphere. Their textural and structural characteristics were evaluated using various physicochemical methods, including XRD, B.E.T., SEM-EDS, XPS, and H 2 -TPR. It was shown that the nature of the species has a significant effect on these structural, textural, and reactivity properties. AgCr catalysts, presenting several oxidation states (Ag 0 , Ag +1 , Cr 3+ , and Cr 6+ in Ag, AgCrO 2 , and AgCr 2 O 4 ), showed the most interesting catalytic performance in their composition. The intermediate Cr 2 O 3 phase, formed during the catalytic reaction, played an important role as a catalytic precursor in the in situ production of highly dispersed nanoparticles, being less prone to coke formation in spite of the severe reaction conditions. In contrast, the AgFe catalyst showed low activity and a low selectivity for DRM in the explored temperature range, due to a significant contribution of the reverse water-gas shift reaction, which accounted for the low H 2 /CO ratios.

We report here the rhodium catalyzed reductive hydroformylation of methyl 10-undecenoate. Our approach is based on an ionic liquid/heptane biphasic system associated with commercially available trialkylamines. The effects of various reaction parameters such as amine type, amine amount, temperature, syngas pressure and composition were studied in order to minimize the rhodium leaching and increase the production of primary alcohols. Although the amine is less soluble in the ionic liquid than in heptane, the catalytic system is efficiently maintained in the ionic liquid phase. For the optimized conditions, the catalytic ionic liquid layer can be recycled at least nine times by keeping an alcohol yield over 50 % and by limiting the rhodium leaching. As an extension of this system and to examine the long-term stability, this batch system was transferred to a miniplant for a continuous flow process. A pilot plant was operated for 45 h of total reaction time, reaching a TTON of 232 for alcohol production., (© 2024 The Authors. ChemSusChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

The introduction of metamaterials has provided new possibilities to manipulate the propagation of waves in different fields of physics, ranging from electromagnetism to acoustics. However, despite the variety of configurations proposed so far, most solutions lack dynamic tunability, i.e. their functionality cannot be altered post-fabrication. Our work overcomes this limitation by employing a photo-responsive polymer to fabricate a simple metamaterial structure and enable tuning of its elastic properties using visible light. The structure of the metamaterial consists of graded resonators in the form of an array of pillars, each giving rise to different resonances and transmission band gaps. Selective laser illumination can then tune the resonances and their frequencies individually or collectively, thus yielding many degrees of freedom in the tunability of the filtered or transmitted wave frequencies, similar to playing a keyboard, where illuminating each pillar corresponds to playing a different note. This concept can be used to realize low-power active devices for elastic wave control, including beam splitters, switches and filters.This article is part of the theme issue 'Current developments in elastic and acoustic metamaterials science (Part 2)'.

Viral subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) plays a major role in SARS-COV2's replication, pathogenicity, and evolution. Recent sequencing protocols, such as the ARTIC protocol, have been established. However, due to the viral-specific biological processes, analyzing sgRNA through viral-specific read sequencing data is a computational challenge. Current methods rely on computational tools designed for eukaryote genomes, resulting in a gap in the tools designed specifically for sgRNA detection. To address this, we make two contributions. Firstly, we present sgENERATE, an evaluation pipeline to study the accuracy and efficacy of sgRNA detection tools using the popular ARTIC sequencing protocol. Using sgENERATE, we evaluate periscope, a recently introduced tool that detects sgRNA from ARTIC sequencing data. We find that periscope has biased predictions and high computational costs. Secondly, using the information produced from sgENERATE, we redesign the algorithm in periscope to use multiple references from canonical sgRNAs to mitigate alignment issues and improve sgRNA and non-canonical sgRNA detection. We evaluate periscope and our algorithm, periscope&#95;multi, on simulated and biological sequencing datasets and demonstrate periscope&#95;multi's enhanced sgRNA detection accuracy. Our contribution advances tools for studying viral sgRNA, paving the way for more accurate and efficient analyses in the context of viral RNA discovery., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.)

Fe-based mica minerals usually display two opposing magnetic ground states, either they behave as spin-glasses or as layered ferrimagnets. No definite reason has been proposed as an explanation for this duality. This conundrum is unraveled by comparing the synthetic micas KFe 3 [MGe 3 ]O 10 X 2 with M═Fe and Ga, X═OH - and F - . Neutron diffraction demonstrates a 2D to 3D magnetic transition in KFe 3 [FeGe 3 ]O 10 (OH) 2 while just hints or no order at all are observed for the fluorides with M═Fe and Ga respectively. The 3D transition is triggered by the presence of iron in the intralayer tetrahedra. DFT+U calculations show that the magnetic exchange couplings between the previously believed solely magnetic octahedral layers would otherwise be frustrated without this intralayer iron., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

The escalating production and improper disposal of petrochemical-based plastics have led to a global pollution issue with microplastics (MPs), which pose a significant ecological threat. Biobased and biodegradable plastics are believed to mitigate plastic pollution. However, their environmental fate and toxicity remain poorly understood. This study compares the in vivo effects of different types of MPs, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) as a biodegradable plastic, polylactic acid (PLA) as a biobased plastic, β-cyclodextrin-grafted PLA as a modified biobased plastic, and low density polyethylene as the reference petrochemical-based plastic, on the key aquatic primary consumer Diaphanosoma celebensis. Exposure to MPs resulted in significant reproductive decline, with comparable effects observed irrespective of MP type or concentration. Exposure to MPs induced distinct responses in redox stress, with transcriptional profiling revealing differential gene expression patterns that indicate varied cellular responses to different types of MPs. ATP-binding cassette transporter activity assays demonstrated altered efflux activity, mainly in response to modified biobased and biodegradable MPs. Overall, this study highlights the comparable in vivo and in vitro effects of biobased, biodegradable, and petrochemical-based MPs on aquatic primary consumers, highlighting their potential ecological implications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aliphatic diols such as ethylene and propylene glycol are the key products in the chemical industry for manufacturing polymers. The synthesis of these molecules usually implies sequential processes, including epoxidation of olefins using hydrogen peroxide or oxygen with subsequent hydrolysis to glycols. Direct hydroxylation of olefins by cheap and green oxidants is an economically attractive and environmentally friendly route for the synthesis of diols. Here, we report a photocatalytic reaction for the dihydroxylation of ethylene and propylene to their glycols at room temperature using water as the oxidant. The photocatalyst contains Pd clusters stabilized by sub-nanometric polyoxometalate with TiO 2 as the host material. Under light irradiation, it results in production rates of ethylene glycol and propylene glycols of 146.8 mmol·g Pd -1 ·h -1 and 28.6 mmol·g Pd -1 ·h -1 with liquid-phase selectivities of 63.3 % and 80.0 %, respectively. Meanwhile, green hydrogen derived from water is produced as another valuable product. Combined spectroscopy investigation suggests that the reaction proceeds via π-bonded adsorption of olefins over Pd clusters with hydroxylation by hydroxyl radicals formed by photocatalytic dissociation of water., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The pursuit of structure-property relationships in crystalline metal halide perovskites (MHPs) has yielded an unprecedented combination of advantageous characteristics for wide-ranging optoelectronic applications. While crystalline MHP structures are readily accessible through diffraction-based structure refinements, providing a clear view of associated long-range ordering, the local structures in more recently discovered glassy MHP states remain unexplored. Herein, we utilize a combination of Raman spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to investigate the coordination environment in crystalline, glass and melt states of the 2D MHP [(S)-(-)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylammonium] 2 PbBr 4 . While crystalline SNPB shows polarization-dependent Raman spectra, the glassy and melt states exhibit broad features and lack polarization dependence. Solid-state NMR reveals disordering at the organic-inorganic interface of the glass due to significant spatial disruption in the tethering ammonium groups and the corresponding dihedral bond angles connecting the naphthyl and ammonium groups, while still preserving substantial naphthyl group registry and remnants of the layering from the crystalline state (deduced from XRD analysis). Moreover, PDF analysis demonstrates the persistence of corner-sharing PbBr 6 octahedra in the inorganic framework of the melt/glass phases, but with a loss of structural coherence over length scales exceeding approximately one octahedron due to disorder in the inter- and intraoctahedra bond angles/lengths. These findings deepen our understanding of diverse MHP structural motifs and how structural alterations within the MHP glass affect properties, offering potential for advancing next-generation phase change materials and devices.

Introduction: Drug incompatibilities are among the most common medication errors in intensive care units. A precipitate can form and block the catheter or cause an adverse event in the patient. Intensive care units have implemented various strategies for limiting the occurrence of these incompatibilities, which have already been studied in vitro under standardized conditions. The objective of the present in vitro study was to continue these assessments by determining the impact of the infusion line geometry and the drugs' position in the infusion set-up on the prevention of vancomycin-piperacillin/tazobactam incompatibility., Methods: Infusion lines with a different common volume, a multilumen medical infusion device, a dilute vancomycin solution, and separate infusions of incompatible drugs were evaluated separately. The infusion line outlet was connected to a dynamic particle counter., Results: Reducing the common volume, using multilumen medical devices, or spacing out the two incompatible drugs on the infusion line did not prevent the occurrence of a significant particulate load. Only dilution of the vancomycin solution was associated with a significantly lower particulate load and the absence of drug incompatibility., Conclusions: Our results show that under specific conditions, it is possible to reduce particulate contamination considerably.

Mercury is a hazardous heavy metal that is distributed worldwide in aquatic ecosystems. Methylmercury (MeHg) poses significant toxicity risks to aquatic organisms, primarily through bioaccumulation and biomagnification, due to its strong affinity for protein thiol groups, which results in negative effects even at low concentrations. MeHg exposure can cause various physiological changes, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, metabolic disorders, genetic damage, and immunotoxicity. To assess the risks of MeHg contamination in actual aquatic ecosystems, it is important to understand how MeHg interacts with environmental factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved organic matter, salinity, and other pollutants such as microplastics and organic compounds. Complex environmental conditions can cause potential toxicity, such as synergistic, antagonistic, and unchanged effects, of MeHg in aquatic organisms. This review focuses on demonstrating the toxic effects of single MeHg exposure and the interactive relationships between MeHg and surrounding environmental factors or pollutants on aquatic organisms. Our review also recommends further research on biological and molecular responses in aquatic organisms to better understand the potential toxicity of combinational exposure., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The present investigation was aimed at predicting a still (i.e., dead) vs. live embryo within a hatching goose egg by measuring the eggshell cooling rate. For this, we daily measured the temperature (T) values on the shell surface of goose eggs after they were removed from the incubator and during further natural cooling. T was recorded every 0.5 h for further 1.5 h of cooling. It was possible to recognize eggs with dead embryos using the combination of T, egg weight (W), and surface area (S). The resultant indicator (TS/W) was called specific temperature index (STI). The mathematical relationship using STI measurements between Days 8-13 facilitated 80 % correct identification of the eggs with dead embryos. Additionally, we derived mathematical dependencies for shell weight (W s ) and thickness (t) by utilizing the values of W, egg volume (V), S, the average T of all measurements taken, as well as the drop in T during 1.5 h of natural cooling. The key advantage of these parameters was their measurement and/or calculation by applying non-destructive methods. The integrated application of these parameters resulted in achieving high calculation accuracy as judged by correlation coefficients of 0.908 for W s and 0.593 for t. These novel mathematical models have the potential to decrease hatching waste by predicting embryo viability. Our research will add to a toolkit for non-invasive egg assessment that is useful in the poultry industry, research on eggs, and engineering., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Through-space heteronuclear correlation experiments under magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions can provide unique insights into inter-atomic proximities. In particular, it has been shown that experiments based on two consecutive coherence transfers, 1 H → I → 1 H, like D-HMQC (dipolar-mediated heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation), are usually more sensitive for the indirect detection via protons of spin-3/2 quadrupolar nuclei with low gyromagnetic ratio. Nevertheless, the resolution is often decreased by the second-order quadrupolar broadening along the indirect dimension. To circumvent this issue, we incorporate an MQMAS (multiple-quantum MAS) quadrupolar filter into the t 1 evolution period of the D-HMQC sequence, which results in a novel pulse sequence called D-HMQC-MQ. The triple-quantum coherences evolving during this filter are excited and reconverted using cosine-modulated long-pulses synchronized with the sample rotation to avoid spinning sidebands in the indirect dimension. The desired coherence transfer pathways during this sequence are selected using two nested cogwheel phase cycles with 56 steps. This high-resolution heteronuclear correlation technique is demonstrated experimentally for the indirect detection via 1 H of spin-3/2 isotopes, such as 11 B, 23 Na and 35 Cl, in zinc borate hydrate, NaH 2 PO 4 and l-histidine hydrochloride, respectively. We show that this experiment can be applied at high magnetic fields up to 28.2 T for protons subject to chemical shift anisotropies larger than 20 ppm, provided the MAS frequency is sufficiently stable since the D-HMQC-MQ experiment, like the parent D-HMQC, is sensitive to MAS fluctuations, which can produce t 1 -noise., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Finite element models ranging from single to multiscale models have been widely used to gain valuable insights into the physiological delivery process and associated complication scenarios. However, the fetus descent simulation with the active uterine contraction is still challenging for validation and uncertainty quantification issues. The present study performed a fetus descent simulation using the active uterine contraction. Then, simulation outcomes were evaluated using theoretical and in vivo MRI childbirth data. Moreover, parameter uncertainty and propagation were also performed. A maternal pelvis model was developed. The active uterine contraction was modeled using a transversely isotropic Mooney-Rivlin material. Displacement trajectories were compared between simulation, theoretical and in vivo MRI childbirth data. Monte Carlo (M.C) and Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) methods were applied to quantify uncertain parameters and their propagations. Obtained results showed that fetal descent behavior is consistent with the MRI-based observation as well as the theoretical trajectory (curve of Carus). The head downward vertical displacement ranges from 0 to approximately 47 mm. A reduction of 50% in uterine size was observed during the simulation. Three high-sensitive parameters ( C 1 , C 2 , Ca 0 ) were also identified. Our study suggested that the use of the active uterine contraction is essential for simulating vaginal delivery but the global parameter sensitivity, parameter uncertainty, and outcome evaluation should be carefully performed. As a perspective, the developed approach could be extrapolated for patient-specific modeling and associated delivery complication simulations to identify risks and potential therapeutic solutions.

Mass transport in bulk spinel ferrites NiFe2O4 is studied computationally using the kinetic activation-relaxation technique (k-ART), an off-lattice kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm. Diffusion mechanisms-difficult to observe with molecular dynamics-are described by k-ART. Point defects are assumed to be responsible for ionic diffusion; thus, both cation and anion defects are investigated. This work focuses on vacancies and interstitials by comparing their properties with two Buckingham potential parameterizations: one with nominal charges and the other with partial charges. Both potentials are corrected at short distances, thus allowing interstitial diffusion and avoiding the catastrophic infinite energies appearing with Buckingham at short distances. The energy landscape along different pathways is described in detail. Both potentials predict the same mechanisms but different migration energies. Mechanisms by which a normal spinel is transformed to an inverse spinel via cation diffusion are unveiled, and diffusion coefficients are predicted. We find that interstitial Ni diffusion involves the movement of two Ni ions and that O interstitials trigger a collective diffusion of O ions, while an O vacancy diffuses by an O ion moving to the center of a cuboctahedron., (© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)

Background: Tumour dormancy, a resistance mechanism employed by cancer cells, is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, contributing to minimal residual disease (MRD) and potential relapse. Despite its clinical importance, the mechanisms underlying tumour dormancy and MRD remain unclear. In this study, we employed two syngeneic murine models of myeloid leukemia and melanoma to investigate the genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic and protein signatures associated with tumour dormancy. We used a multiomics approach to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving MRD and identify potential therapeutic targets., Results: We conducted an in-depth omics analysis encompassing whole-exome sequencing (WES), copy number variation (CNV) analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq), transcriptome and proteome investigations. WES analysis revealed a modest overlap of gene mutations between melanoma and leukemia dormancy models, with a significant number of mutated genes found exclusively in dormant cells. These exclusive genetic signatures suggest selective pressure during MRD, potentially conferring resistance to the microenvironment or therapies. CNV, histone marks and transcriptomic gene expression signatures combined with Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted the potential functional roles of the mutated genes, providing insights into the pathways associated with MRD. In addition, we compared "murine MRD genes" profiles to the corresponding human disease through public datasets and highlighted common features according to disease progression. Proteomic analysis combined with multi-omics genetic investigations, revealed a dysregulated proteins signature in dormant cells with minimal genetic mechanism involvement. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed the metabolic, differentiation and cytoskeletal remodeling processes involved in MRD. Finally, we identified 11 common proteins differentially expressed in dormant cells from both pathologies., Conclusions: Our study underscores the complexity of tumour dormancy, implicating both genetic and nongenetic factors. By comparing genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic datasets, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular landscape of minimal residual disease. These results provide a robust foundation for forthcoming investigations and offer potential avenues for the advancement of targeted MRD therapies in leukemia and melanoma patients, emphasizing the importance of considering both genetic and nongenetic factors in treatment strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The paper reports on the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals/reduced graphene oxide matrix loaded with cuprous oxide nanoparticles (CNC/rGO-Cu 2 O) through a simple solvothermal method and its application for 4-nitrophenol reduction to 4-aminophenol using sodium borohydride. The CNC/rGO-Cu 2 O nanocomposite was formed chemically by first mixing CNC and graphene oxide (GO) followed by complexation of the negatively charged functional groups of CNC/GO with Cu 2+ ions and subsequent heating at 100°C. This resulted in the simultaneous reduction of GO to rGO and the formation of Cu 2 O nanoparticles. The as-elaborated nanocomposite was firstly characterized using different techniques such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, it was successfully applied for efficient catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol using sodium borohydride: the reduction was completed in about 6 min. After eight times use, the catalyst still maintained good catalytic performance. Compared to CNC/rGO, rGO/Cu 2 O and free Cu 2 O nanoparticles, the CNC/rGO-Cu 2 O nanocomposite exhibits higher catalytic activity even at lower copper loading., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Understanding factors influencing Listeria monocytogenes biofilms aid in developing more effective elimination/prevention strategies. This study examined the effect of temperature (4 °C, 21 °C, 30 °C), materials (stainless steel 316 L with 2B and 2 R finishes, glass, and polypropylene), and slope (0°/horizontal or 90°/vertical) on mono- and dual-species biofilms using two L. monocytogenes strains and one Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. All biofilms were grown in 10% TSB for 24 h and analyzed using culture-based methods. Additionally, the architecture of monospecies biofilms was studied using fluorescence microscopy. Overall, P. aeruginosa showed higher biofilm formation potential (6.2 log CFU/cm 2 ) than L. monocytogenes (4.0 log CFU/cm 2 ). Temperature greatly influenced P. aeruginosa and varied for L. monocytogenes. The slope predominantly influenced L. monocytogenes monospecies biofilms, with cell counts increasing by up to 2 log CFU/cm 2 . Surface material had little impact on biofilm formation. The study highlights the varying effects of different parameters on multispecies biofilms and the importance of surface geometry.

Hypothesis: Acoustic levitation is a suitable approach for studying processes occurring at the gas-liquid interfaces, as it allows its investigation in a contact-free manner while providing control over the gas phase. Here, we hypothesize that phase transitions induced by a CO 2 rich atmosphere can be examined, at different length scales, in a contact-free manner., Experimental: A system consisting of 12-hydroxysteric acid (HSA) soaps mixed with different ratios of monoethanolamine (MEA) and choline hydroxide, was prepared. Microliter droplets of the samples were acoustically levitated and monitored with a camera, while exposed to CO 2 to modify the pH through diffusion at the air-liquid interface and inside the droplet. The phase transition and water mobility in the levitated droplets were evaluated through X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and magnetic resonance studies, in real-time. Finally, the droplets were collected and examined under the microscope., Findings: The introduction of CO 2 gas induced a phase transition from micelles to multi-lamellar tubes, resulting in a gel-like behavior both in the bulk and at the interface. The high stability of the acoustic levitator allowed the investigation of this dynamic phenomenon, in real-time, in a contact-free environment. This study showcases the suitability of acoustic levitation as a tool to investigate complex chemical processes at interfaces., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Hypothesis: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health concern. ESKAPEE pathogens, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are notable of concern in healthcare settings due to their resistance to critical antibiotics. To combat AMR, the development of alternatives such as bacterial membrane-active agents is crucial. Fatty acids (FAs) have emerged as a sustainable, antibiotic-free solution with inherent antibacterial activity. However, long chain saturated fatty acids (LCFAs) sodium soaps exhibit poorly antibacterial properties in comparison to short chain FAs, believed to be linked to limited solubility in aqueous media., Experiments: We employed choline as a chaotropic organic counter-ion to enhance the solubility of LCFAs and investigated their antibacterial effects against MRSA. The optimal medium conditions for micelle formation for LCFAs was first investigated. Then, we determined the critical micelle concentration (CMC), micellar morphology, and aggregation number through surface tension measurements and small angle neutron scattering experiments. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays and time-kill experiments., Findings: We have identified conditions where LCFAs are effective against MRSA for the first time, providing valuable insights for developing new antibacterial agents to fight AMR. LCFAs need to be used above their Krafft temperatures and CMC to exhibit antibacterial efficacy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Waste management researchers have identified that the correct disposal of solid waste is better addressed upstream, where people properly sort their solid waste. Sorting solid waste is a practice that requires a behaviour friendly to sorting and willingness to continuously comply with waste management policies. However, the dynamic and ever-changing nature of service buildings' users makes fostering such behaviour challenging, potentially jeopardizing solid waste sorting efforts. Therefore, in this paper, we explore the possible role of artificial intelligence in alleviating the cumbersome process of sorting solid waste, by developing a virtual assistant that interacts with tenants via verbal and visual inputs to provide them with waste management services and instructions. The virtual assistant utilizes Natural Language Processing and computer vision techniques to enable voice and image recognition functionalities and achieved accuracy levels of 85% and 88% for verbal and visual inputs, respectively. The present work can be a solid foundation to investigate further implementation of virtual assistants to support sustainability practices in Facility Management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The newly discovered series of layered monophosphate tungsten bronzes (L-MPTB) [Ba(PO 4 ) 2 ]W m O 3 m -3 consist of m -layer-thick slabs of WO6 octahedra separated by barium-phosphate spacers. They display a 2D metallic behavior confined in the central part of the perovskite slabs. Here, we report the missing m = 2 member of this series, containing the rather uncommon W5+ oxidation state. We have analyzed its structure-property relationships in relation to the other members of the L-MPTB family. In particular, we have determined its crystal structure by means of single-crystal X-ray and electron diffraction and investigated its physical properties from resistivity, Seebeck-coefficient and heat-capacity measurements combined with first-principles calculations. All the L-MPTB compounds show metallic behavior down to 1.8 K without any clear charge-density-wave (CDW) order. The m = 2 member, however, displays an increased influence of the spacer that translates into anisotropic negative thermal expansion, reversed thermopower and reversed crystal-field splitting of the tungsten t 2g orbitals. Our analysis of the full [Ba(PO 4 ) 2 ]W m O 3 m -3 series reveals a systematic and significant W off-centering in their octahedral coordination. We identify the resulting anti-polar character of these W displacements as the crucial aspect behind the 2D metallicity of these systems: It leads to the presence of bound charges whose screening determines the distribution of mobile charges, tending to accumulate at the center of the [W m O 3- m ] block. We argue that this mechanism is analogous to enhanced conductivity observed for charged domain walls in ferroelectrics, thus providing a general design rule to promote 2D metallicity in layered systems.

Materials exhibiting different textural and surface properties (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and ZSM-5) were investigated as supports for Mo carbides in the upgrading of furfural (FF) in liquid phase to produce 2-methylfuran (2MF). The state of the catalysts after carburization, passivation, and reactivation under a hydrogen atmosphere was investigated by XAS analysis. The effect of the supports was observed in the first step of the reaction, i.e. , the hydrogenation of FF to furfuryl acid and related to Lewis acidic and basic sites. The nature of the supports was also relevant to the final state of the Mo carbides after carburization, passivation, and reactivation. The comparison of the materials showed that Mo 2 C/SiO 2 was the least decarburized catalyst after reactivation, and the most active in converting furfural, while the Mo 2 C/TiO 2 system presented smaller carbide particles after carburization and more disorganized particles after reactivation. Mo carbide supported on SiO 2 and on TiO 2 were found to be suitable catalysts for producing a mixture containing 2-methylfuran and C 10 compounds with potential application as biofuel., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)